托爾斯泰在政治和軍事上做出了什么貢獻？他為什么要開始寫作

今天的這段對話，在討論托爾斯泰，

托爾斯泰在政治和軍事上做出了什么貢獻？他為什么要開始寫作

來聽今天的講解:

A: So. Ed. What do you know about this? Tolstoy's history, what do you know about him?

你知道，不只有一個托爾斯泰，他們家是一個俄羅斯名門望族。托爾斯泰家族在俄羅斯的政治、軍事、文學和美術方面都留下了不朽的遺產(chǎn)。

B: Tolstoy wasn't just one person, you know.They were a whole family of Russian nobility. The ToLstoy's have left a lasting legacy in Russian politics, military history, literarure, and tine arts.

那時他們有些影響力。好像他們無所不能，不過我們先從政治方面開始……據(jù)說彼得•安德烈耶維奇•托爾斯泰是彼得大帝的寵臣。

A: They got around a bit then! Sounds like they did everything. but let's start with the politics . . .  it says here that Peter Andreevich Tolstoy was a member of Peter the Great's party

他們收獲了?？此扑麄兪裁炊甲隽?，但是只是開始，據(jù)說托爾斯泰還是彼得大會的成員呢。

B: Yes, he gradually gained Peter's confidence serving first as the Russian ambassador to Constantinople, then as the head of the secret police.

是的，他逐漸贏得彼得的信任，先做了駐君士坦丁堡的俄羅斯大使，后來也擔任了秘密警察機構的領導。

A: OK, so what about the military Tolstoy's? I've heard of one called Alexander Ivanovich Tolstoy. He was in the Battle of Chamova in 1807 where his regiment held out for 15 hours against the whole army  commanded by NaPoleon.

噢，那托爾斯泰家族在軍事方面呢？我曾經(jīng)聽說過一個叫亞歷山大•伊凡諾維奇•托爾斯泰的人，他1807年參加了查諾瓦戰(zhàn)役，他的軍剛與拿破侖領導的軍隊對抗達15個小時。

B: It sounds like you know plenty about him already. Let's go on to the literary Tolstoy's, shall we?

聽起來你對他已經(jīng)了解不少了。那我們接著看看文學界的耗爾斯泰，好嗎？

A: Leo TolScoy is one of the greatest Russian novelists of the 19th century.  He wrote War and Peacc and Ann  Karenina.

列夫•托爾斯泰是19世紀俄羅斯最偉大的小說家之一，著有《戰(zhàn)爭與和平》和《安娜•卡列尼娜》。

B: I think those books are the two most famous in the whole world! I wonder why he started writing.

我認為這是全世界最著名的兩本書。我想知道他為什么要開始寫作。

A: He started his career in the military, he was firrst drawn to writing books when hc scrved in Chechenya, and already his first novel, Kazalry. was somerhing quite unlike anything written before him.

他一開始的職業(yè)是軍人，在車臣服役時第一次對寫書產(chǎn)生了興趣，寫出了第一部小說《哥薩克》，與他之前的人寫的那些書大不一樣。

B: Oh, I see. OK, on to firie arts. It says here chat there were many Tolstoy's in high society .

哦，我知道了，接下來看看美術方面。據(jù)說在上流社會也有很多托爾斯泰家族的人。

A: Yes. Count Feodor Petrovich Tolstoy was one of the most fashionable Russian drawers and painters of the 1820s. Although he prepared fine illustntions,  his true vocation was wax modeling and the design of medals.

是的，費奧多爾•彼德羅維奇-托爾斯泰伯爵是19世紀20年代俄羅斯最受歡迎的制圖員和畫家之一。盡管他的插圖細致精美，但他真正的職業(yè)是做蠟鑄模，設計獎章。

B: And also, Count Feodor lvanovich Tolstoy who was a notorious drunkard, gastronome, and duellist. It is said that he killed 11 people in duels.

此外，費奧多爾•彼德羅維奇•托爾斯泰伯爵還是個聲名狼藉的酒鬼、美食家和決斗專家。據(jù)說他在決斗中殺死了11個人。

A: He was involved in a different kind of art though. In 1803 he participated in the first Russian circumnavigation of the Eanh and after he had his body tattooed!

不過他還參與各種不同的藝術創(chuàng)作。1803年他參加了俄羅斯第一屆周游地球活動，后來他給自己紋了身。

B: Well, it certainly seems that the Tolstoy's were interesting people, that's for sure.

好了，看起來托爾斯泰家族的人的確很有意思，這一點是肯定無疑了。