中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞 can, may, will等

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一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例

   在這一課里我們要學(xué)習(xí)怎么用助動(dòng)詞  can,  c-a-n,   can,  may,  m-a-y,  may,  will,w-i-l-l, will 和 might, m-i-g-h-t, might. 首先我們依照慣例, 先請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō) peter   在學(xué)校里跟同學(xué) Mary談到了學(xué)校里的活動(dòng). 我們還是先用自然速度念一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)英文老師的發(fā)音和聲調(diào).

   M: Hi, Mary.
   F:  Oh, hello, Peter. How are you?
   M: I'm fine. Can you have a cup of coffee with me?
   F:  I can't now. I have an exam tomorrow. I have to study for it.
   M: You're taking a lot of courses this year.
   F:  I might drop some of them. Are you still with the football team?
   M: Yes, we will play a game this Friday.
   F:  May I go to see you play?
   M: Yes, of course.
   F:  I hope the weather will be sunny Friday.
   M: I hope so, too.

   現(xiàn)在我們用慢速度再把這段對(duì)話念一遍.

   M: Hi, Mary.
   F:  Oh, hello, Peter. How are you?
   M: I'm fine. Can you have a cup of coffee with me?
   F:  I can't now. I have an exam tomorrow. I have to study for it.
   M: You're taking too many courses this year.
   F:  I might drop some of them. Are you still with the football team?
   M: Yes, we will play a game this Friday.
   F:  May I go to see you play?
   M: Yes, of course.
   F:  I hope the weather will be sunny Friday.
   M: I hope so, too.

   現(xiàn)在我把剛才那段會(huì)話里包含了助動(dòng)詞的句子挑出來(lái),   用慢速度再念一遍給你聽(tīng).

   M: Can you have a cup of coffee with me?
   F:  I can't now.
   M: I might drop some of them.
   M: We will play a game this Friday.
   F:  May I go to see you play?
   F:  I hope the weather will be sunny Friday.

二.CAN

   首先我們學(xué)習(xí)怎么用 can, c-a-n, can. 這個(gè)字表示 "有能力"   作一件事. 它的否定式是 cannot,  c-a-n-n-o-t,  cannot, 可以減縮為 can't, 意思當(dāng)然就是說(shuō) "沒(méi)有能力"作一件事. 在第一組練習(xí)里,  我們給你舉一些例子,   說(shuō) Peter 和 Mary  能作什么事而不能作什么事.  每個(gè)句子我們念兩次, 在念第二次的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也跟著念.

   M: Peter can have a cup of coffee but Mary can't.
   F:  Peter can have a cup of coffee but Mary can't.
   M: Peter can play football but Mary can't.
   F:  Peter can play football but Mary can't.
   M: Peter can swim but Mary can't.
   F:  Peter can swim but Mary can't.
   M: Mary can dance but Peter can't.
   F:  Mary can dance but Peter can't.
   M: Mary can sing but Peter can't.
   F:  Mary can sing but Peter can't.
   M: Mary can speak French but Peter can't.
   F:  Mary can speak French but Peter can't.

   下面我們換一個(gè)方式作練習(xí). 由學(xué)生問(wèn)老師: "我能作什么呢?" 然后老師提出一
個(gè)詞組, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生用這個(gè)詞組來(lái)回答問(wèn)題. 我先舉一個(gè)例子:

   F:  What can I do?
   M: join the gymnastics team
   F:  I can join the gymnastics team.
   M: join the track team
   F:  I can join the track team.
   好, 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始做練習(xí):
   F:  What can I do?
   M: join the gymnastics team
   F:  I can join the gymnastics team.
   M: join the track team
   F:  I can join the track team.
   M: drive a car
   F:  I can drive a car.
   M: cook fancy dishes
   F:  I can cook fancy dishes.
   M: speak English well
   F:  I can speak English well.
   M: run fast
   F:  I can run fast.
   M: sing an American song
   F:  I can sing an American song.

三.MAY 和 MIGHT

   學(xué)完了 can 的用法, 現(xiàn)在我們看看怎么用助動(dòng)詞 may 和 might. 這兩個(gè)字都表示將來(lái)事情可能發(fā)生,在句子里可以交換使用.比方 "將來(lái)彼得可能成為職業(yè)選手"這句話可以這么說(shuō): Peter   may   become  a   professional  player. 也可以這么說(shuō):Peter  might become a professional player.

   好, 下面我們來(lái)作一組練習(xí). 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容都是說(shuō)彼得將來(lái)可能有什么成就. 現(xiàn)在我們請(qǐng)英文老師提出一個(gè)用 may 這個(gè)字的句子, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生用might 這個(gè)字來(lái)代替.在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候也請(qǐng)你跟著作.

   M: Peter may become a professional player.
   F:  Peter might become a professional player.
   M: Peter may become a sport star.
   F:  Peter might become a sport star.
   M: Peter may play in the Olympic Games.
   F:  Peter might play in the Olympic Games.

   下面我們來(lái)看一看瑪麗將來(lái)可能有什么成就. 還是請(qǐng)你照樣跟著練習(xí).

   M: Mary may become a professional singer.
   F:  Mary might become a professional singer.
   M: Mary may have a career in singing.
   F:  Mary might have a career in singing.
   M: Mary may sing in a concert.
   F:  Mary might sing in a concert.

四.用 MAY 表請(qǐng)求

   剛才我們學(xué)習(xí)了 can  跟 can't, 還有 may 跟 might 的用法, 下面我們要學(xué)習(xí) may
的另外一種用法. may 這個(gè)字除了可以表示可能性之外還可以用來(lái)表示允許或是請(qǐng)求.

   在上一課里我們提到彼得夏天里要到紐約去旅行的事情; 下面一組練習(xí)談的都是彼得問(wèn)媽媽到了紐約準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)他作什么事的問(wèn)題.首先由彼得問(wèn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題,然后你會(huì)聽(tīng)到 yes  或是no. 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)你聽(tīng)到的來(lái)回答問(wèn)題. 首先舉個(gè)例子:

   M: May I go to New York with the school tour?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may go to New York with the school tour

   好, 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始做練習(xí), 在你答覆問(wèn)題之后, 請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案.

   M: May I go to New York with the school tour?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may go to New York with the school tour.
   M: May I go to New York alone?
   F:  No!
   F:  No, you may not go to New York alone.
   M: May I take a lot of money with me?
   F:  No!
   F:  No, you may not take a lot of money with you.
   M: May I take two suitcases with me?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may take two suitcases with you.
   M: May I visit some beautiful churches in New York?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may visit some beautiful churches in New York.

   下面我們多舉幾個(gè)例子. 每個(gè)例子我們念兩遍, 請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍, 重復(fù)一遍:

   M: May I have a cup of coffee with you?
   F:  May I have a cup of coffee with you?
   M: May I go to see you play football?
   F:  May I go to see you play football?
   M: May I have four tomatoes and a dozen eggs?
   F:  May I have four tomatoes and a dozen eggs?
   M: May I sit next to you?
   F:  May I sit next to you?
   M: May I dance with you?
   F:  May I dance with you?
   M: May I take you home?
   F:  May I take you home?
   M: May I use your telephone?
   F:  May I use your telephone?
   M: May I help you?
   F:  May I help you?

五.WILL

   好了, 現(xiàn)在我們學(xué)習(xí)今天要教的最后一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞 will. 這個(gè)字是表示將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么事.下面我們舉一些例子.每個(gè)句子還是念兩遍,還是請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍,重復(fù)一遍.

   M: Peter will play football this Friday.
   F:  Peter will play football this Friday.
   M: Mary will go to see the football game this Friday.
   F:  Mary will go to see the football game this Friday.
   M: Mary will see Peter this Friday.
   F:  Mary will see Peter this Friday.
   M: The weather will be sunny this Friday.
   F:  The weather will be sunny this Friday.

   現(xiàn)在我們學(xué)習(xí)怎么樣把剛才那些句子加上疑問(wèn)詞變成問(wèn)句. 比方老師說(shuō): Peter
will play  football  this Friday. 接著老師給你一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞 what, 你就把句子改成:What  will Peter  play  this Friday?   好,  現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始做練習(xí).  在你作完一個(gè)問(wèn)句之后, 就請(qǐng)注意聽(tīng)正確的答案.

   M: Peter will play football this Friday.
   M: What
   F:  What will Peter play this Friday?
   M: Mary will go to see the football game this Friday.
   M: When
   F:  When will Mary go to see the football game?
   M: Mary will see Peter this Friday.
   M: Who
   F:  Who will Mary see this Friday?
   M: The weather will be sunny this Friday.
   M: How
   F:  How will the weather be this Friday?

   will 這個(gè)字還可以用來(lái)表示一個(gè)人的志愿. 下面這組練習(xí)內(nèi)容都是問(wèn)你肯不肯做什么事. 每個(gè)句子我們還是念兩遍, 請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍, 重復(fù)一遍. 

   M: Will you sing a song for us?
   F:  Will you sing a song for us?
   M: Will you go to the bank with me?
   F:  Will you go to the bank with me?
   M: Will you take me to the airport?
   F:  Will you take me to the airport?
   M: Will you buy two loaves of bread?
   F:  Will you buy two loaves of bread?

   下面一組練習(xí)是把 will 跟它的否定式 will not 也就是 won't 作個(gè)比較. 還是請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍, 跟著重復(fù)一遍.

   M: Peter won't go to the supermarket but Mary will.
   F:  Peter won't go to the supermarket but Mary will.
   M: Peter won't cook for you but Mary will.
   F:  Peter won't cook for you but Mary will.
   M: Mary won't go swimming with you but Peter will.
   F:  Mary won't go swimming with you but Peter will.
   M: Mary won't have a cup of coffee but Peter will.
   F:  Mary won't have a cup of coffee but Peter will.

六.聽(tīng)短文回答問(wèn)題

   現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)作聽(tīng)力測(cè)驗(yàn). 首先還是請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一段文章, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)一般美國(guó)中學(xué)生,
比方彼得, 在學(xué)校里面能夠參加什么樣的體育活動(dòng),將來(lái)可能有什么樣的成就. 我們是先用正常速度念一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意地聽(tīng).

   American  high  school  students,   like  Peter, may  play on school sports teams.   Most   high  schools  have  football,  baseball, basketball  and    track   teams.  Some schools might also  have   swimming   teams,   gymnastics  teams  and    tennis  teams.    Good  players  can  join   university teams when they graduate from high schools. The very best  will become popular

  sports stars.  The best  football, basketball and  tennis    players  can  become  professional.

   That means they  will have a career in sports and  will get money   when they  play. The best  track and gymnastics  students may go to the Olympic Games on the U.S. Olympic team.

   剛才那段文章你聽(tīng)懂了沒(méi)有? 要是沒(méi)全部懂, 等一會(huì)兒還有機(jī)會(huì)聽(tīng). 現(xiàn)在我先請(qǐng)
英文老師把今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題念給你聽(tīng).

   第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: What sports teams do most American high schools have?
   第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: What kind of players will become popular sports stars?
   第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: What does "professional players" mean?

   好, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔褎偛拍嵌挝恼掠寐俣饶钜槐? 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng):

   American  high  school  students,   like  Peter, may  play on school sports teams.   Most   high  schools  have  football,  baseball, basketball  and    track   teams.  Some schools might also  have   swimming   teams,   gymnastics  teams  and    tennis  teams.    Good  players  can  join   university teams when they graduate from high schools. The very best  will become popular   sports stars.  The best  football, basketball and   tennis   players  can  become  professional.   That means they  will have a career in sports and  will get money  when they  play. The best   track and gymnastics  students may go to the Olympic Games on the U.S. Olympic team.

   現(xiàn)在要請(qǐng)你回答今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題. 在你回答之后, 還是請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確的答案,看你答對(duì)了沒(méi)有.

   第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是: 
   M: What sports teams do most American high schools have?
   F:  They have football,baseball,basketball and track teams.
   下面是第二個(gè)問(wèn)題:
   M: What kind of players will become popular sports stars?
   F:  The very best players will become popular sports stars.
   現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答第三個(gè)問(wèn)題:
   M: What does "professional players" mean?
   F:  It means to have a career in sports and to get money to play.