電腦英語(yǔ)Database Management System 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)

[ti:] [ar:] [al:] [by:] [00:10.00]聽(tīng)力課堂網(wǎng)(tingclass.net)Chapter 9 Database Management System [00:13.07]第九章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) [00:16.14]Dialogue 1 [00:17.82]句型1 [00:19.51]A:Hey ,Greg , Check out my new wallpaper! [00:22.43]嘿，Greg，看一下我屏幕的新背景畫(huà)面！ [00:25.36]I scanned a bunch of pictures from our trip to Hawaii last summer. [00:28.60]我把去年夏天到夏威夷旅游的一堆照片掃了進(jìn)去。 [00:31.84]B:I like it .But it must take up a lot of memory. [00:34.35]不錯(cuò)嘛，可是一定占了不少的硬盤空間。 [00:36.85]A: It's not too bad , Besides I've got a 20 Gig hard drive.so I've got plenty of room [00:40.55]還好，再說(shuō)我的硬盤容量有20G，所以還有不少的空間。 [00:44.25]Dialogue 2 [00:45.66]句型2 [00:47.07]A:Something is wrong with my computer screen. [00:49.63]我的電腦屏幕有點(diǎn)不對(duì)勁。 [00:52.19]Everything looks yellow. [00:54.84]一切都變黃了。 [00:57.49]B:Try wiggling the cable that attaches it to your computer. [01:01.00]把連接電腦的那條線搖搖看。 [01:04.52]A: Hey , it worked! [01:05.75]嘿，好了！ [01:06.97]B: Sometimes that happens when the cable gets old and the connection isn't as good. [01:11.00]有時(shí)候電線老化，接觸不良時(shí)就會(huì)這樣。 [01:15.02]Dilogue 3 [01:17.03]句型3 [01:19.04]A:I keep getting so much spam in my e-mail. [01:22.24]我不斷收到大量的電子垃圾郵件。 [01:25.44]What can I do about it? [01:26.76]有什么辦法嗎？ [01:28.08]B: If your account has filters, you can block certain senders,or re-route mail with certain content to a different folder. [01:35.62]如果你的帳號(hào)有過(guò)濾器，就可以擋掉一下，不然就把某些內(nèi)容的郵件改投至另一個(gè)文件夾。 [01:43.15]A:I think my account does have filters, I'll have to check that out. [01:46.67]我想我的帳號(hào)是有過(guò)濾器的，我來(lái)查查看。 [01:50.18]Dialogue 4 [01:51.86]句型4 [01:53.55]A: You're going to be gone for 3 weeks? [01:55.87]你將離開(kāi)三個(gè)星期是不是？ [01:58.20]B:That's right. [01:59.52]是的。 [02:00.84]A:You'll have a lot of e-mail to catch up with when you get back. [02:03.67]等你回來(lái)時(shí)一定有一大堆e-mail等著你。 [02:06.51]B:Actually, I'll have all my mail forwarded to a web-based account while I'm gone. [02:10.62]其實(shí)，我不在的時(shí)候，我會(huì)將所有郵件都轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)基地賬戶內(nèi)。 [02:14.73]That way, I can keep up with it anywhere I can get on the Internet. [02:18.16]這樣的話，不論人走到哪里，只要上得了網(wǎng)就可以隨時(shí)讀取了。 [02:21.58]passage Database Management System [02:24.18]數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) [02:26.78]professional Terms [02:28.51]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ) [02:30.25]administrator n. [02:32.12]管理人 [02:33.99]afford vt. [02:35.40]有力 [02:36.81]appropriate a. [02:38.45]適當(dāng)?shù)?[02:40.10]cabinet n. [02:41.93]柜，箱 [02:43.76]comprehensive a. [02:46.13]綜合性的 [02:48.51]corporate a. [02:50.25]集團(tuán)的，公司的 [02:51.99]cross-referenced a. [02:54.09]可相互參照的 [02:56.19]extract vt. [02:58.24]提取 [03:00.29]folder n. [03:02.03]文件夾 [03:03.77]item n. [03:05.50]項(xiàng)目，物品 [03:07.24]order v. [03:09.11]定購(gòu) [03:10.98]participate v. [03:13.12]參與 [03:15.26]payment n. [03:17.22]支付（的款項(xiàng)） [03:19.18]picture vt. [03:20.92]描寫 [03:22.65]relevant a. [03:24.57]相關(guān)的 [03:26.49]request n. [03:28.27]請(qǐng)求 [03:30.05]sort vt. [03:31.78]分類，排序，揀選 [03:33.52]specialist n. [03:35.48]專家 [03:37.44]unpaid a. [03:39.40]未付的 [03:41.36]A database is a large group of stored, integrated ( cross-referenced )data. [03:44.87]一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)就是一大組存儲(chǔ)起來(lái)的、集成的（可相互參照）的數(shù)據(jù)。 [03:48.38]usually organized in files that can be retrieved and manipulated to produce information. [03:52.13]通常它們被組織在文件中，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以通過(guò)檢索與操作變換，以產(chǎn)生信息。 [03:55.88]A database management system(DBMS) is a comprehensive software tool that allows users to create. [04:01.41]一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）是一個(gè)綜合性的軟件工具，用戶可以用來(lái)建立、 [04:06.93]maintain ,and manipulate the database to produce the relevant management information. [04:10.90]維護(hù)和操縱數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以便產(chǎn)生有關(guān)的管理信息。 [04:14.87]By integrated we mean that the file records are logically related to one another so that all data on a topic can be retrieved by simple requests [04:21.77]通過(guò)集成（我們所說(shuō)的集成是指文件記錄邏輯上的彼此關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)），從而使得關(guān)于某個(gè)題目的全部數(shù)據(jù)，可以通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的請(qǐng)求加以檢索。 [04:28.66]The database management systems software represents the interface between the user and the computer's operating system and database. [04:35.25]數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)于用戶、計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之間的接口。 [04:41.83]Picture a typical corporate office with a desk , chairs ,telephone and a row of file cabinents along the wall. [04:47.17]現(xiàn)在來(lái)描繪一個(gè)典型的公司辦公室，室內(nèi)有桌子、椅子、電話及靠墻的一排文件柜。 [04:52.51]A wide variety of business data is stored in these cabinets. [04:55.17]在文件柜中，存有品種繁多的各類商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)。 [04:57.82]If the files have been carefully organized and maintained then any piece of data that needs to be retrieved can quickly be located and removed. [05:04.07]如果文件已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)發(fā)組織與保管，那么任何一條數(shù)據(jù)，可以很快地找到并取出。 [05:10.33]However ,if the data has not been properly filed, some time and effort will be expended to find it. [05:15.08]但是如果數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何合適的存檔，要找到該條數(shù)據(jù)所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和精力就會(huì)加大。 [05:19.84]And ,regardless of how carefully the files have been organized and maintained, you will always need to retrieve related pieces of data. [05:25.27]而且無(wú)論文件是經(jīng)過(guò)了多么細(xì)心地組織與保管，總需要檢索與該數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的部分。 [05:30.71]For example ,suppose you need to review the customer files for all invoices for payments due in excess of $2,500 and prepare a simple report. [05:38.11]舉例說(shuō)，假定你需要檢查超過(guò)2，5000美元的全部到期應(yīng)付款發(fā)貨票的顧客文件，并需要準(zhǔn)備出一份報(bào)告。 [05:45.52]notes [05:46.56]注意事項(xiàng) [05:47.61]How would you accomplish this task? [05:49.29]你該如何完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)？ [05:50.98]First ,you would probably go through the customer files in alphabetical order, foler by folder. [05:54.91]第一，你可能要按字母順序仔細(xì)檢查顧客文件，一個(gè)文件夾接著一個(gè)文件夾去查。 [05:58.84]You would examine each invoice in the folders to determine if the amount is in excess of $2,500 and remove and copy each invoice that meets the criterion. [06:07.16]你還要查看文件夾內(nèi)的每個(gè)發(fā)貨票，以便確定其數(shù)額是否超過(guò)2500美元，對(duì)于滿足要求的每個(gè)發(fā)貨票要取出并加以復(fù)印。 [06:15.48]You would then have to refill the copies you removed (and risk misfiling the [06:22.43]When you had examined all the customer folders and copied all the appropriate invoices. [06:25.90]然后你還必須把取出的部分重新歸檔（注意有歸錯(cuò)檔的危險(xiǎn)）， [06:29.38]you would then review the copies and put together your report. [06:32.30]當(dāng)你檢查了全部顧客文件夾并復(fù)印了全部需要復(fù)印的發(fā)貨票， [06:35.23]Imagine how much time this would take. [06:37.33]可以設(shè)想一下，做這些工作要花去多少時(shí)間。 [06:39.43]If there are a lot of customers, you would need to spend hours if not days. [06:42.67]如果有大量顧客時(shí)，即使無(wú)需花好幾天，也需要花好幾個(gè)小時(shí)吧。 [06:45.91]Now let's look at the situation in a different way. [06:48.11]現(xiàn)在我們用另一種方式來(lái)研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 [06:50.30]The environment is the same , except that ,instead of file cabinets. [06:53.27]環(huán)境情況不變以，只是取代文件柜的是， [06:56.23]you have a microcomputer or a terminal and DBMS software that has access to a customer database file as shown in the following . [07:03.40]你有了一臺(tái)微型機(jī)或一臺(tái)終端，以及可以訪問(wèn)顧客數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的DBMS軟件，這個(gè)顧客數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件如下面所示。 [07:10.57]In this file a row of customer data is referred to as a record, and an individual piece of data within a record ,such as a name ,is referred to as a field. [07:17.92]在文件中，每一排顧客數(shù)據(jù)稱為一個(gè)記錄，記錄內(nèi)的單獨(dú)數(shù)據(jù)段（如姓名）則稱為一個(gè)字段。 [07:25.28]To get the invoice data you need, you would do something like this. [07:28.33]為了獲得你所需的發(fā)貨票數(shù)據(jù)，你總要做如下一些事情。 [07:31.39]Turn on the computer and the printer. [07:33.81]啟動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)及打印機(jī)。 [07:36.22]start up the DBMS software [07:38.24]啟動(dòng)DBMS軟件。 [07:40.25]Give the command to open up the customer database file stored on your disk ,which is similar in concept to manually opening up the customer file in a filing cabinet. [07:48.20]發(fā)出命令，以便“打開(kāi)”存儲(chǔ)在磁盤中的顧客數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件，從概念上講“打開(kāi)”既類似于用手打開(kāi)文件柜中的顧客文件。 [07:56.16]Give the command to search all the records in the database file and display copies of the records that meet your criterion. [08:01.92]發(fā)出命令，以便搜索查找數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件中的全部記錄，并顯示合乎要求的記錄內(nèi)容。 [08:07.68]that is the names of people with unpaid invoices greater than $2,500. [08:11.46]（即，發(fā)貨票總金額超過(guò)2500元未付款人的姓名）。 [08:15.25]If you were using dBASE IV , a popular microcomputer DBMS ,the command would look something like. [08:21.05]如果你一直使用的是Dbase 1v（一種在微機(jī)上使用的著名的DBMS），則命令會(huì)是： [08:26.85]If you were using SQL( Structured Query Language) the command would look like this. [08:30.82]如果你一直使用SQL（結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語(yǔ)言），則命令會(huì)是： [08:34.79]In response to this command ,all the records in the file that have an invoice amount greater than $2,500 will be listed on the screen. [08:41.60]作為這些命令的回答，在文件的全部記錄中，凡是多于2500元的發(fā)貨票，均將在屏幕上顯示出來(lái)。 [08:48.40]The SQL command would also sort the listing into order by name. [08:51.87]（SQL命令將挑選的發(fā)貨票按姓名進(jìn)行排序）。 [08:55.35]This whole procedure would take perhaps only five minutes or less. [08:58.31]全部過(guò)程可能只需要5分鐘，甚至更少。 [09:01.28]The DBMS is a software tool designed to manage a large number of integrated ,share electronic file cabinets. [09:07.08]DBMS是一種軟件工具，可用來(lái)管理許多綜合的、共享的電子“文件柜”。 [09:12.88]You describe the type of data you wish to store. [09:14.98]由你來(lái)描述要存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)類型， [09:17.08]and the DBMS is responsible for creating the database file(s). [09:20.50]而DBMS則負(fù)責(zé)建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件并提供一種易于使用的機(jī)制， [09:23.93]and providing an easy to use mechanism for storing ,retrieving and manipulating the data. [09:28.59]以便對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)、檢索和操縱。 [09:33.25]In small businesses, databases may be both created and operated by the user. [09:37.31]在小的企業(yè)中，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可能是由使用者本人建立和操作。 [09:41.38]In moderate to large size business with extensive computer systems. [09:44.98]在擁有大量計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的中型到大型企業(yè)， [09:48.59]the corporate database is usually created by technical information speciallists, such as the database administrator. [09:54.07]公司數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)通常是由信息技術(shù)專家（如數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理人員）所建立， [09:59.56]but the database management system is acquired by the information systems department. [10:03.44]但數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)卻是由信息系統(tǒng)部門所獲得。 [10:07.32]Users generate and extract data stored by the database management system. [10:10.97]數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)所存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)是由使用者產(chǎn)生并提取。 [10:14.63]As with systems analysis and design. [10:16.68]正如系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì)一樣。 [10:18.73]to design a database the organization must describe its informational needs to the designers and specify the type of data needed, [10:24.90]為了設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，企業(yè)組織必須向設(shè)計(jì)者描述其需要，并規(guī)定所需數(shù)據(jù)的類型。 [10:31.06]Users participate heavily in this process of defining what information needs to be stored in the database. [10:36.09]在規(guī)定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)需要存儲(chǔ)哪些信息需要的過(guò)程中，使用者要參與大量的工作。 [10:41.12]Since the early 1980s, tremendous advances have been made in developing database management systems for microcomputers. [10:47.10]自從二十世紀(jì)八十年代早期以來(lái)，在開(kāi)發(fā)微型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)方面，已經(jīng)取得了驚人的進(jìn)步。 [10:53.08]They are now easy enough for users to learn to operate without assistance and powerful enough to produce valuable management information. [10:58.97]在無(wú)人幫助下，這種數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)極易被使用者學(xué)習(xí)使用，在產(chǎn)生有價(jià)值的管理信息方面，也極為有力。 [11:04.86]Regardless of whether you're in a large or a small business ,you cannot afford to do without the capabilities that a DBMS can provide. [11:11.21]無(wú)論你是在一個(gè)大企業(yè)或小企業(yè)里，如果沒(méi)有DBMS提供的作用，你將無(wú)能為力。 [11:17.56]Notes [11:18.42]注意事項(xiàng) [11:19.28]Regardless of whether you're in a larger or a small business ,you cannot afford to do without the capabilities that a DBMS can provide. [11:24.77]無(wú)論你是在一個(gè)大企業(yè)或小企業(yè)里，如果沒(méi)有DBMS提供的作用，你將無(wú)能為力。

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