電腦英語How does a computer work? 計(jì)算機(jī)是如何工作的？

[ti:] [ar:] [al:] [by:] [00:10.00]聽力課堂網(wǎng)(tingclass.net)Chapter 4 How does a computer work? [00:12.81]第四章 計(jì)算機(jī)是如何工作的？ [00:15.62]Dialogue [00:17.76]A: Mark ,your computer has just turned off all by itself! [00:21.18]馬克，你的電腦剛剛自己關(guān)掉了！ [00:24.60]B:Actually ,it just went into energy saver mode. [00:27.10]其實(shí)，它只是進(jìn)入省電狀態(tài)罷了。 [00:29.59]A:Energy saver mode, what's that? [00:32.37]省電狀態(tài)？那是什么？ [00:35.16]B:If the processor hasn't received any input for a certain period of time ,it turns off the monitor. [00:40.05]如果處理器有一段時間沒有接到任何輸入的話，就會把顯示器關(guān)掉。 [00:44.95]All you have to do to turn it on again is move the mouse or hit a key on the deyboard. [00:48.65]想要再打開，只要動一下鼠標(biāo)或碰一下鍵盤上任何一個鍵就可以了。 [00:52.34]Dialogue 2 [00:53.70]句型2 [00:55.06]A: So, you've decided to get a laptop computer? [00:57.41]那么，你決定買筆記本電腦了？ [00:59.76]B: That's right, It's more expensive and harder to fix,but I'm on the road so much. [01:04.35]是的。雖然比較貴而且也不太容易維修，不過我經(jīng)常跑來跑去。 [01:08.93]I have to have something I can take with me. [01:10.89]我必須要買可以隨身攜帶的。 [01:12.85]Dialogue 3 [01:14.00]句型3 [01:15.15]A: Did you get your new laptop yet? [01:16.96]你買新筆記本電腦了沒有？ [01:18.78]B: No, I've done some shopping ,but it's hard to decide . [01:21.24]沒有。我逛了一下，可是很難決定。 [01:23.69]A:Why's that? [01:24.91]為什么？ [01:26.12]B: Well, I've found one that I like quite a bit, It has 15-inch screen with good resolution. [01:31.10]嗯，我看到了一臺很喜歡的。15英寸的屏幕，解析度不錯。 [01:36.07]but it doesn't have a built-in-CD-ROM. [01:37.82]但沒有內(nèi)置的光盤驅(qū)動器。 [01:39.57]The other has both a floppy drive and CD-ROM built-in. [01:42.42]另外一臺，含有內(nèi)置的軟件盤驅(qū)動器以及光盤驅(qū)動器。 [01:45.27]but the screen is small and it's just too heavy. [01:47.12]不過屏幕太小了，而且也太重。 [01:48.98]A: I guess you can't have the best of both worlds. [01:51.58]我想魚與熊掌難以兼得。 [01:54.18]B: I guess not. [01:55.18]我想也是。 [01:56.19]Dialogue 4 [01:57.48]句型4 [01:58.77]A: I like storing my pictures on disc because it gives me lots of options. [02:02.22]我喜歡把照片儲存在CD中，有很多的方便。 [02:05.67]B: What sort of options does it give you? [02:07.42]什么樣的方便呢？ [02:09.17]A: Well, first of all, it provides a safe, compact place to store them. [02:12.45]嗯，首先，它提供一個安全而集中的儲存空間。 [02:15.73]Second,I can do lots of fun things with them with the image-editing software I have. [02:19.67]第二，我可以利用現(xiàn)有的攝像編輯軟件做出很多有趣的事來。 [02:23.62]B: Is there anything else? [02:24.77]還有呢？ [02:25.92]A: Well, if I want to, I can print them out later. [02:28.51]哦，如果需要，事后也可以把它們印出來， [02:31.11]or I can also use the computer to present them as a slide show for my friends. [02:34.74]或者也可以直接在電腦屏幕上放出來給朋友看，就像放幻燈片一樣。 [02:38.38]passage How does a computer work? [02:40.73]計(jì)算機(jī)是如何工作的？ [02:43.08]professional terms [02:44.27]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [02:45.45]diskette n. [02:47.00]磁盤 [02:48.54]memory n. [02:50.00]存儲器，記憶 [02:51.46]processor n. [02:53.11]處理機(jī)，處理程序 [02:54.75]keyboard n. [02:56.65]鍵盤 [02:58.54]manipulate v. [03:00.58]操作，操縱，處理 [03:02.62]A computer is controlled by a stored program [03:05.40]計(jì)算機(jī)是受存儲程序控制的。 [03:08.18]thus ,the first step in using the machine is copying the program from diskette into memory. [03:12.48]因此使用計(jì)算機(jī)的第一步是把程序從軟盤上拷貝到內(nèi)存中， [03:16.78]Now ,the processor can begin executing instructions. [03:19.17]處理器就能開始執(zhí)行指令了。 [03:21.56]Input data from the keyboard are stored memory. [03:24.36]從鍵盤輸入的數(shù)據(jù)也被存在了主存中。 [03:27.17]The processor manipulates the data. [03:28.82]處理器加工數(shù)據(jù)。 [03:30.46]Storing the results back into memory. [03:32.00]把結(jié)果送回主存。 [03:33.55]Finally ,the results are output. [03:35.48]最后輸出結(jié)果。 [03:37.41]notes [03:38.07]注意事項(xiàng) [03:38.72]A computer is controlled by a stored program: thus the first step in using the machine is copying the the program from diskette into memory. [03:44.83]計(jì)算機(jī)是存儲程序控制的，因此使用計(jì)算機(jī)的第一步是把程序從軟盤上拷貝到內(nèi)存中。 [03:50.94]Professional Terms [03:52.16]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [03:53.37]content n. [03:54.98]內(nèi)容，目錄 [03:56.59]invoice n. [03:58.77]發(fā)票，發(fā)貨票 [04:00.95]collection n. [04:02.84]收集物，收藏品 [04:04.74]chart n. [04:06.45]圖（表） [04:08.16]joystick n. [04:10.47]操縱桿 [04:12.78]imaginary a. [04:14.72]想象中的；假想的 [04:16.65]Memory's contents are easy to change. [04:18.79]主存中的內(nèi)容很容易改變。 [04:20.93]Thus, when one set of data has been processed, the program can be repeated. [04:24.28]因此，當(dāng)一組數(shù)據(jù)被處理完后，程序還可以重復(fù)使用， [04:27.62]reading and processing new data, and generating new output. [04:30.30]再讀入和處理新的數(shù)據(jù)，并得到新的結(jié)果。 [04:32.97]If the data can be changed , why not the program? [04:35.76]如果數(shù)據(jù)能改變，程序?yàn)槭裁床荒鼙桓淖儯?[04:38.54]When a program is finished, a new one can take its place in memory, allowing the computer to process completely different data. [04:46.52]當(dāng)一個程序運(yùn)行完后，另一個新程序就占據(jù)了它在主存中的位置，讓計(jì)算機(jī)去處理完全不同的數(shù)據(jù)。 [04:54.50]One minute it can generate paychecks from labor data under control of a payroll program. [04:58.27]某一時刻計(jì)算機(jī)能在工資管理程序的控制下，根據(jù)員工的數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生工資單。 [05:02.05]The next minute, it can prepare bills from invoices under control of a billing program. [05:05.78]接著計(jì)算機(jī)又能在帳目管理程序的控制下，從各種數(shù)據(jù)中產(chǎn)生所需帳單。 [05:09.52]Later, this same colletion of components ,controlled by yet another program, can read statistical data and produce a bar chart. [05:15.88]以后，仍是這臺計(jì)算機(jī)，還可以其它程序的控制下，讀入統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，產(chǎn)生一個柱狀圖表， [05:22.24]or sense the movements of a joystick and manipulate the position of an imaginary spaceship on a display screen. [05:28.81]或者指示操縱桿的運(yùn)動方向，操控一個假想的宇宙飛船在屏幕上的位置。 [05:35.38]Professional Terms [05:36.39]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [05:37.39]input device [05:39.68]輸入設(shè)備 [05:41.96]output device [05:44.67]輸出設(shè)備 [05:47.37]pulse n. [05:48.98]脈沖 [05:50.58]The physical components of a computer-the processor, memory ,input devices ,and output devices-are its hardware. [05:56.87]計(jì)算機(jī)的物理部件處理器、存儲器、輸入設(shè)備和輸出設(shè)備是它的硬件。 [06:03.15]You can see them ,touch them and feel them. [06:05.96]人們看到綜們，摸到它們，感覺到它們的存在。 [06:08.77]Programs and data are different ,existing only as electronic pulses stored in memory. [06:13.42]程序和數(shù)據(jù)則不同，它們僅作為電脈沖存在于存儲器中。 [06:18.07]Software is a general term for program. [06:20.25]軟件是程序的常用術(shù)語。 [06:22.43]Professional Terms [06:23.64]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [06:24.86]interface n. [06:26.57]接口，連接 [06:28.28]lay-out [06:30.28]布置，布局圖片 [06:32.28]assign v. [06:34.24]賦值，指定 [06:36.19]spreadsheet n. [06:38.34]圖表 [06:40.48]behind the scene [06:43.22]幕后 [06:45.96]The Hardware/Software Interface [06:47.90]軟件與硬件的接口 [06:49.83]When you think of software, you probably think of application programs. [06:52.78]當(dāng)你想到軟件，也許想到的是應(yīng)用程序。 [06:55.73]They support end-user functions, allowing people to perform such tasks as playing a game ,writing a paper ,laying out a spreadsheet, or generating paychecks. [07:03.51]應(yīng)用程序支持終端用戶的功能，使用戶完成如下一些任務(wù)：玩游戲、寫文章、編排一個圖表或產(chǎn)生一個帳單等。 [07:11.28]Another type of software ,called system software, performs its assigned tasks behind the scenes. [07:15.72]另一類軟件稱為系統(tǒng)軟件，在前臺完成賦予它的任務(wù)。 [07:20.16]An excellent example is the operating system found on most computers. [07:23.58]大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)上的操作系統(tǒng)就是典型的一例。 [07:27.00]An operating system serves as an interface ,bridging the gap between hardware and application software. [07:34.49]操作系統(tǒng)作為一個接口，在硬件和應(yīng)用軟件之間搭起一座橋梁。 [07:41.97]Professional Terms [07:43.16]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [07:44.35]operating system [07:46.59]操作系統(tǒng) [07:48.84]exactly adv. [07:51.02]確切的，精確的 [07:53.20]involve v. [07:55.24]包含，涉及 [07:57.28]logic n. [07:58.96]邏輯 [08:00.65]load v. [08:02.36]裝入，加載 [08:04.07]What exactly does an operating system do? Basically ,it performs a number of supporting functions. [08:10.78]操作系統(tǒng)究竟是干什么的呢？從根本上講，它施行一些支持功能。 [08:17.50]For example, suppose an application program is stored on a disk [08:20.95]例如，假設(shè)應(yīng)用程序存儲在磁盤上。 [08:24.39]before the program can be executed, it must be copied into the main memory first. [08:28.73]它在被執(zhí)行前，必須制到主存儲器中， [08:33.07]because the program that controls a computer must be in the main memory. [08:37.19]因?yàn)榭刂朴?jì)算機(jī)的程序必須要在主存儲器中。 [08:41.32]The process of copying a program from disk to memory involves considerable logic. [08:45.97]把程序從磁盤復(fù)制到主存的過程涉及重要的邏輯。 [08:50.62]The source of a computer's logic is software. [08:53.65]計(jì)算機(jī)的邏輯源來自軟件。 [08:56.68]Thus ,if the application program is to be loaded, there must be a program in the memory to control the loading process. [09:04.03]因此，如果要裝入應(yīng)用程序，必須在主存中有一個控制加載過程的程序。 [09:11.39]That program is the operation system. [09:14.52]這個程序就屬于操作系統(tǒng)。 [09:17.66]Chapter 5 Windows [09:19.59]第五章 視窗操作系統(tǒng) [09:21.52]Dialogue 1 [09:23.03]句型1 [09:24.53]A:Your desktop looks different from how it used to look. [09:26.77]你的電腦桌面看起來跟以前的不一樣。 [09:29.02]B:Yeah, I just installed windows98. [09:30.95]是的。我剛安裝了視窗98。 [09:32.89]It has a few new features that make it look different . [09:35.38]有幾項(xiàng)新特點(diǎn)，所以看起來不一樣。 [09:37.88]Dialogue 2 [09:39.13]句型2 [09:40.38]A:I didn't know Windows 2000 was already on the market. [09:43.02]我不知道視窗2000已經(jīng)上市了。 [09:45.66]B:Well, this is a beta version, but it works pertty well. [09:48.44]嗯，這是試用版，不過蠻好用的。 [09:51.22]A: I think I'll wait for the real thing to come out. [09:53.41]我想等正版出來再說。 [09:55.59]Dialogue 3 [09:56.80]句型3 [09:58.02]A: I think my computer is slowing me down at work. [10:00.37]我想，有了電腦反而拖延了我的工作。 [10:02.72]B:Why is that? [10:03.52]怎么回事？ [10:04.31]A: I spent all morning setting its wallpaper, screen saver sound files and icons just the way I like them. [10:10.74]整個早上我都設(shè)定背景畫面、屏幕保護(hù)程序、聲音和圖標(biāo)，把它們弄成我喜歡的樣子。 [10:17.16]When I got done ,there wasn't time to do anything else! [10:20.22]等到搞定了，也沒有什么時間做別的了。 [10:23.28]Dilogue 4 [10:24.47]句型4 [10:25.65]A:Do you have something against Microsoft? [10:27.76]你對微軟是不是有什么反感？ [10:29.86]B: I don't necessarily have anything against them. [10:31.71]沒有必要反感他們啊。 [10:33.57]A:But you don't have anything for them either? [10:35.85]但是也沒有什么好感吧？ [10:38.14]B: No, actually Microsoft has done some very good things for the computer industry. [10:41.80]是沒有。其實(shí)微軟對電腦業(yè)有不少貢獻(xiàn)。 [10:45.45]I would just like to see them have some competition. [10:47.88]我只是想看有人與他們競爭。 [10:50.31]Windows works all right,but it could still use a lot of improvement, and that probably won't happen without some competition. [10:56.43]視窗還算好用，不過還是有不少改進(jìn)的余地，沒有競爭就不可能有進(jìn)步。 [11:02.54]Passage WINDOWS [11:04.25]視窗操作系統(tǒng) [11:05.96]Professional Terms [11:07.03]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [11:08.10]application n. [11:09.71]應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用程序 [11:11.32]exploit vt. [11:13.35]利用 [11:15.39]integrate vt. [11:17.25]使結(jié)合 [11:19.10]tremendous a. [11:21.20]驚人的，巨大的 [11:23.31]Windows is an extension of DOS. [11:25.24]Windows是DOS的一種擴(kuò)展。 [11:27.17]By utilizing Windows, you expand all the features of DOS. [11:30.45]利用Windows，就可以擴(kuò)大DOS的全部功能特性。 [11:33.73]In addition, Windows allows you to execute multiple programs simultaneously. [11:37.82]此外，Windows可以允許用戶同時運(yùn)行多個程序， [11:41.91]quickly changing from one application to another. [11:44.11]可以很快地從一個應(yīng)用程序轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個應(yīng)用程序。 [11:46.32]and to integrate multiple packages, exploitiong the best features of each. [11:50.09]而且Windows還允許用戶把多個軟件包結(jié)合起來，以便利用每個軟件包的最佳特性。 [11:53.87]If you have used Microsoft Windows, you probably are already sold on its tremendous flexibility. [11:59.24]如果你已經(jīng)使用過Microsoft windows，可能你已經(jīng)認(rèn)同了它強(qiáng)大的靈活性。 [12:04.61]If you have not used Windows, you will find that it is more than worth its cost, for several reasons. [12:09.83]如果你還沒有用過，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)，有好幾個理由可以說明它的作用要比它的表面價值要高。 [12:15.05]Most important , Microsoft Windows lays the foundation for future PC operatiing systems. [12:19.93]最重要的理由是，Microsoft Windows為未來PC機(jī)的操作系統(tǒng)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 [12:24.80]Windows,like DOS,is written in the C language. [12:27.61]Windows像DOS那樣，也是用C語言編寫的。 [12:30.41]Many programmers will benefit from having the ability to interface applications to Windows, [12:34.19]很多程序員將因具有能力使應(yīng)用程序與Windows之間有接口而受益。 [12:37.96]In the future, you will see many more programs integrated into Windows. [12:41.06]在未來，將可以看到更多的程序結(jié)合到Windows之中。 [12:44.16]Professional Terms [12:45.30]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [12:46.45]burden n. [12:48.16]負(fù)擔(dān) [12:49.88]icon n. [12:51.52]圖標(biāo)，畫像 [12:53.17]novice n. [12:55.06]新手，初學(xué)者 [12:56.96]Before proceeding into the examination of windows, [12:59.38]在著手對Windows考察之前， [13:01.81]it is important to establish a foundation for the thought processes used to develop Windows and the goals Windows attempts to meet. [13:07.78]重要的是要建立一個思考步驟的基礎(chǔ)，以便來闡述Windows及其滿足的目標(biāo)。 [13:13.75]First, many PC users are not familiar with the DOS commands, nor do they desire to be. [13:18.15]第一，很多PC機(jī)用戶既不熟悉DOS命令，也不想去熟悉。 [13:22.56]The first goal of Windows is to relieve users off the burden of having to memorize and understand DOS command and their various operations. [13:29.09]所以，Windows的第一個目標(biāo)就是，減輕用戶必須要記住并理解DOS各種命令及選項(xiàng)的負(fù)擔(dān)。 [13:35.62]As you will see, Windows has replaced the DOS prompt with pull-down menus and dialog boxes. [13:39.77]正如你會看到的那樣，Windows已經(jīng)用下拉式菜單和對話框取代了DOS提示符。 [13:43.92]DOS commands are represented by Windows'icons,and Windows,supports a mouse interface. [13:48.36]DOS命令由Windows圖標(biāo)所代表，而且Windows還支持一種鼠標(biāo)界面。 [13:52.80]Windows, makes the interface to the computer easy for novices to use and,therefore,non-threatening., [13:58.38]Windows使得計(jì)算機(jī)界面易于為計(jì)算機(jī)新手所使用，因而沒有壓力。 [14:03.96]This has ,in turn reduced the time it takes to train users on systems new to them. [14:08.30]這反過來也就減輕了用戶使用新系統(tǒng)所需的培訓(xùn)時間。 [14:12.63]Professional Terms [14:13.99]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [14:15.35]calculator n. [14:17.24]計(jì)算器 [14:19.14]notepad n. [14:20.85]記事本 [14:22.56]Second, Windows allows you to run multiple programs at one time. [14:25.65]第二，Windows允許用戶同時使用多個程序。 [14:28.75]A computer with the ability to execute several programs simultaneously is called a time-sharing system. [14:33.79]一臺計(jì)算機(jī)如果具有同時執(zhí)行多個程序的能力，則被稱為分時系統(tǒng)。 [14:38.83]Later we will further examine how Windows performs time-sharing. [14:41.64]稍后，我們還要進(jìn)一步探討Windows如何進(jìn)行分時操作， [14:44.45]Third ,Windows is called a desktop system. [14:46.76]第三，Windows被稱為桌面系統(tǒng)。 [14:49.07]Windows provides many of the abilities normally associated with items on your desk ,such as a notepad ,calculator and calendar. [14:55.79]Windows具有很多處理一般與桌面有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的能力，如記事本、計(jì)算器和日歷。 [15:02.50]Professional Terms [15:03.61]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [15:04.72]distinct a. [15:06.51]個別的，性質(zhì)不同的 [15:08.30]individual n. [15:10.40]個人 [15:12.50]region n. [15:14.22]區(qū)（域） [15:15.93]As previously stated, Windows allows you to run multiple programs simultaneously with each Window appearing as an individual screen. [15:22.25]正如前面所說，Windows允許同時運(yùn)行多個程序，而且每個就象一個單獨(dú)的屏幕一樣。 [15:28.57]For example ,if you are running three programs simultaneously ,in a general way. [15:31.91]舉例說，如果你同時運(yùn)行三個程序，在一般情況下， [15:35.26]you have to run on three individual screens. [15:37.29]你必須在三臺獨(dú)立的計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行。 [15:39.33]With Windows, each of the applicatios runs on the same computer ,dividing the screen into three distinct regions. [15:44.84]如果采用Windows，每個應(yīng)用程序通過把屏幕劃分成三個不同的區(qū)域，就可以同一臺計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行。 [15:50.36]Windows works by time-sharing the central processing unit(CPU). [15:53.49]Windows是通過中央處理器的分時運(yùn)行而工作的。 [15:56.63]Each time a program runs,the CPU finds the instructions for the program in memory and execute them. [16:01.81]每當(dāng)一個程序運(yùn)行時，CPU在存儲器中一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了針對某程序的指令，就會執(zhí)行這些指令。 [16:07.00]Professional Terms [16:08.32]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [16:09.63]character n. [16:11.20]字符 [16:12.77]Because of the tremendous speed of today's computers. [16:14.98]由于當(dāng)今的計(jì)算機(jī)具有驚人的運(yùn)算速度， [16:17.18]the CPU spends the majority of its idle time, waiting to perform additional processing. [16:21.45]CPU會耗費(fèi)大部分空閑時間，為的是等待執(zhí)行另外的處理。 [16:25.73]For example,if you are using a word processing program, [16:28.57]例如，如果你正在使用一個文字處理程序， [16:31.42]the CPU spends the majority of its time waiting for you type in characters at the keyboard. [16:35.22]CPU會耗費(fèi)大部分時間等待你在鍵盤上鍵入字符。 [16:39.02]During a 1-second period,the CPU may be processing only 25% of the time. [16:43.79]在一秒鐘的時間中，CPU進(jìn)行處理的時間，可能只占25％的時間。

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