演講集萃美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在上海與中國青年對(duì)話(MP3+文本)

Remarks by US President Barack Obama at Town Hall Meeting with Future Chinese Leaders
Museum of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
November 16, 2009

美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在上海與中國青年對(duì)話實(shí)錄
中國上海 科技館
2009年11月16日

[楊玉良]讓我們大家用熱烈的掌聲歡迎美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬先生。各位來賓、各位朋友，同學(xué)們，請(qǐng)讓我自我介紹一下，我是楊玉良，復(fù)旦大學(xué)的校長。

今天請(qǐng)來美利堅(jiān)合眾國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬先生，他對(duì)中國進(jìn)行國事訪問，今天來到這里與中國青年對(duì)話，而且我非常高興作為主持人在這里主持這場對(duì)話。因?yàn)閵W巴馬總統(tǒng)非常重視中美兩國人民之間的溝通和交流，尤其是重視我們年輕人之間的溝通和交流。

所以今天我們將用一種非常輕松、自由的方式，而且我相信也將會(huì)是愉快的方式，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)將和大家一起討論中美關(guān)系問題，包括這個(gè)世界未來的問題，包括我們?nèi)祟愃媾R的所有的可能的全球性的挑戰(zhàn)性問題。

今天在現(xiàn)場的所有的同事們，包括同學(xué)們，都可以現(xiàn)場提問題。但同時(shí)我們也會(huì)選擇問題，從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上選擇一些問題，選擇由網(wǎng)民向奧巴馬提問的問題。用英文來提問題，也可以用英文回答。

如果你覺得你的英文還不足夠表達(dá)你深邃的思想的話，你可以用中文來提問和中文來回答問題。我想在正式開始之前，我們美利堅(jiān)合眾國的駐華大使洪博培先生有幾句話要講。

[洪博培]楊校長，謝謝你?？墒俏覀?cè)谏虾Ｎ覒?yīng)該說家鄉(xiāng)話，儂好。這么多人，今天就是太好了，美中關(guān)系30年，這個(gè)時(shí)刻從雙邊地區(qū)和全球的角度來說，最適合進(jìn)行一場好的交談，這種活動(dòng)在中國沒有先例。

我們兩國元首具體說過，他們要推動(dòng)一個(gè)積極建設(shè)性全面的關(guān)系。如果沒有美中兩國的合作，幾乎沒有哪個(gè)全球性挑戰(zhàn)能得到解決。我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是把我們的交往提到一個(gè)更高的水平，有誰比我們更高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人更適合參加我們的討論呢？

那我很榮幸向你們介紹第44任美國總統(tǒng)貝拉克•奧巴馬。

PRESIDENT OBAMA:  Nong hao! Good afternoon.  It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.  I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.  I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.  I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.  (Laughter.)

[奧巴馬] 儂好！諸位下午好。我感到很榮幸能夠有機(jī)會(huì)到上海跟你們交談，我要感謝復(fù)旦大學(xué)的楊校長，感謝他的款待和熱情的歡迎。我還想感謝我們出色的大使洪博培，他是我們兩國間深厚的紐帶。我不知道他剛才說什么，但是希望他說得很好。

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.  And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.

我今天準(zhǔn)備這樣，先做一個(gè)開場白，我真正希望做的是回答在座的問題，不但回答在座的學(xué)生問題，同時(shí)還可以從網(wǎng)上得到一些問題，由在座的一些學(xué)生和洪博培大使代為提問。很抱歉，我的中文遠(yuǎn)不如你們的英文，所以我期待和你們的對(duì)話。

This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.  Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.  And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.  Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.  Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.

這是我首次訪問中國，我看到你們博大的國家，感到很興奮。在上海這里，我們看到了矚目的增長，高聳的塔樓，繁忙的街道，還有企業(yè)家的精神。這些都是中國步入21世紀(jì)的跡象，讓我感到贊嘆。同時(shí)我也急切的要看到向我們展現(xiàn)中國古老的古跡，明天和后天我要到北京去看雄偉壯麗的故宮和令人嘆為觀止的長城，這個(gè)國度既有豐富的歷史，又有對(duì)未來憧憬的信念。

The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.  Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.  It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people. 

而我們兩國的關(guān)系也是如此，上海在美中關(guān)系的歷史中是個(gè)具有意義的重大城市，在37年前，《上海公報(bào)》打開了我們兩國政府和兩國人民接觸交往的新的篇章。

However, America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence. In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.  This is a common American impulse -- the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.

不過美國與這個(gè)國家的紐帶可以追溯更久遠(yuǎn)的過去，追溯到美國獨(dú)立的初期，喬治•華盛頓組織了皇后號(hào)的下水儀式，這個(gè)船成功前往大清王朝，華盛頓希望看到這艘船前往各地，與中國結(jié)成新的紐帶。希望與中國開辟新的地平線，建立新的伙伴關(guān)系。

Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.  And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.  And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.

在其后的兩個(gè)世紀(jì)中，歷史洪流使我們兩國關(guān)系向許多不同的方向發(fā)展，而即使在最動(dòng)蕩的方向中，我們的兩國人民也打造了很深的，甚至有戲劇性的紐帶，比如美國人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記，在二戰(zhàn)期間，美國飛行員在中國上空被擊落后，當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駥?duì)他們的款待，中國公民冒著失去一切的危險(xiǎn)保護(hù)著他們。而參加二戰(zhàn)的中國老兵仍然歡迎故地重游的美國老兵，他們?cè)谀抢飬?zhàn)。

A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.  The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success -- because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.  As one American player described his visit to China -- "[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different." Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.  And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.

40年前，我們兩國間開啟了又一種聯(lián)系，兩國關(guān)系開始解凍，通過乒乓球的比賽解凍關(guān)系。我們兩國之間有著分歧，但是我們也有著共同的人性及有著共同的好奇，就像一位乒乓球人員所說的一樣，那的國家就是一樣，但是這個(gè)小小的開頭帶來了《上海公報(bào)》的問世，最終還帶來了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我們又取得了長足的進(jìn)展。

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion -- today it tops over $400 billion each year. The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.  America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.  This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.  And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.

1979年中美貿(mào)易僅有500億美元，而今天美中貿(mào)易已經(jīng)接近4000億美元。貿(mào)易在許多方面影響人民的生活，比如美國電腦中許多部件，還有穿的衣服都是從中國進(jìn)口的，我們向中國出口中國工業(yè)要使用的機(jī)器，這種貿(mào)易可以在太平洋兩岸創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓我們的人民過上質(zhì)量更高的生活。

In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.  Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time -- economic recovery and the development of clean energy; stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change; the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.  All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.

在需求趨于平衡的過程中，這種貿(mào)易可以是更廣闊的貿(mào)易。如今我們有著積極合作和全面的關(guān)系，為我們?cè)诋?dāng)前重大的全球問題上建立伙伴關(guān)系打開了大門，這些問題包括經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇、潔凈能源的開發(fā)、制止核武器擴(kuò)散以及應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。還有在亞洲及全球各地促進(jìn)和平和穩(wěn)定，所有這些問題我明天與胡主席會(huì)談時(shí)都會(huì)談到。

And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited. Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.  The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.  There are nearly 200 "friendship cities" drawing our communities together.  American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.  And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball -- I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.

1979年的時(shí)候，我們兩國人民的聯(lián)系十分有限。當(dāng)年在乒乓球領(lǐng)域的好奇如今已延伸到許多領(lǐng)域，美國現(xiàn)在數(shù)量最多的留學(xué)生都來自中國。而在美國的學(xué)生中，學(xué)中文的人數(shù)增加了50%。我們兩國有近200個(gè)友好城市，美中科學(xué)家在許多新的研究領(lǐng)域和發(fā)現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行合作。我們兩國人民都熱愛籃球，姚明就是個(gè)例子。不過，此行中我不能觀看上海鯊魚隊(duì)的比賽，有點(diǎn)遺憾。

It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.  China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty -- an accomplishment unparalleled in human history -- while playing a larger role in global events.  And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.

我們兩國之間的這種關(guān)系給我們帶來了積極的變化，這并不是偶然的，中國使得億萬人民脫貧，而這種成就是人類歷史上史無前例的。而中國在全球問題中也發(fā)揮更大的作用，美國也目睹了我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的成長。

There is a Chinese proverb:  "Consider the past, and you shall know the future."  Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.  Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.  But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined -- not when we consider the past.  Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.  We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.

中國有句古言，溫故而知新。當(dāng)然，我們過去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑戰(zhàn)，我們的關(guān)系并不是沒有困難的，沒有分歧的。“但是我們必須一定是對(duì)手”的這種想法不應(yīng)該是一成不變的。由于我們兩國的合作，美中兩國都變得更加繁榮、更加安全。我們基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。

And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding -- on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.  For just as that American table tennis player pointed out -- we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.

不過，這種接觸的成功要取決于我們要彼此了解，要能夠進(jìn)行開誠布公的對(duì)話，彼此進(jìn)行了解。就像當(dāng)年美國乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員所說的，我們作為人有著共同的向往，但是我們兩國又不同。

I believe that each country must chart its own course.  China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.  The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.

我認(rèn)為每個(gè)國家都應(yīng)該勾畫出自己要走的路，中國是一個(gè)文明古國，它有著博大精深的文化。相對(duì)而言，美國是一個(gè)年輕的國家，它的文化受到來自許多不同國家移民的影響，還受到我們民主制度文件的影響。

Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles -- that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights; that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes; that commerce should be open, information freely accessible; and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.

我有一個(gè)非常簡單的向往，代表了一些核心的原則，就是所有的人生來平等，都有著基本的權(quán)利，而政府應(yīng)當(dāng)反映人們的意志，貿(mào)易應(yīng)該是開放的，信息流通應(yīng)當(dāng)是自由的，而法律要保證這個(gè)公平。

Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.  In many ways -- over many years -- we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.  We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.  It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.  Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.

當(dāng)然，我們的國家歷史也不是沒有過困難的地方，從很多方面來講，很多年以來，我們是通過斗爭來促進(jìn)這些原則或者使所有的人民能夠享受到。為了締造一個(gè)更完美的聯(lián)合，我們也打過一個(gè)很痛苦的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，把一部分我們被奴役的人口釋放出來，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間才能使婦女有投票權(quán)，勞工有組織權(quán)，包括來自各地的移民能夠全部被接受。即使他們被解放以后，非洲裔美國人也和美國人經(jīng)過一些分開的、不平等的條件，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間才爭取到全面的平等權(quán)利。

None of this was easy.  But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.  That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and "dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal" could long endure. That is why Dr. Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.  That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores; why opportunity is available to all who would work for it; and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.

所有這些是不容易的。但是我們對(duì)這些核心原則的信念使我們?nèi)〉昧诉M(jìn)展，在最黑暗的風(fēng)暴當(dāng)中作為我們的指南針。這是為什么林肯在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間站起來說過，任何一個(gè)國家以自由、以所有人類平等的原則能夠長久的存在，也就是為什么金博士在林肯紀(jì)念館的前臺(tái)站起來，說我們國家要必須真正的實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的信念。也就是為什么來自中國或者肯尼亞的移民能夠到我們的家，也是為什么一個(gè)不到50年前在某些地方連投票都遇到困難的人，現(xiàn)在就能夠做到那個(gè)國家的總統(tǒng)。

And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.   We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.  These freedoms of expression and worship -- of access to information and political participation -- we believe are universal rights.  They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities -- whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.  Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries; our respect for different cultures; our commitment to international law; and our faith in the future.

這就是為什么美國永遠(yuǎn)為了全世界各地的核心原則說話，我們不尋求把任何政治體制強(qiáng)制給任何國家，但是我們也不認(rèn)為我們所支持的這些原則是我們國家所獨(dú)有的，這些表達(dá)自由、宗教崇拜自由、接觸信息的機(jī)會(huì)、政治的參與，我們認(rèn)為這些是普世的權(quán)利，應(yīng)該是所有人民能夠享受到的，包括少數(shù)民族和宗教的族群，不管是在中國、美國和任何國家，對(duì)于普遍權(quán)利的尊敬，作為美國對(duì)其他國家的開放態(tài)度的指導(dǎo)原則，我們對(duì)其他文化的尊重，我們對(duì)國際法的承諾和對(duì)未來的信念的原則。

se are all things that you should know about America.  I also know that we have much to learn about China.  Looking around at this magnificent city -- and looking around this room -- I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.  Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.  For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.

所有這些都是你們知道關(guān)于美國的一些情況，我們有很多要從中國學(xué)習(xí)。我們看看這個(gè)偉大城市的各地，也看看這個(gè)房間，我就相信我們兩國有很重要的共同點(diǎn)，也就是對(duì)未來的信念，不管是美國還是中國，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的成就不能感到自滿。雖然中國是一個(gè)古老的國家，你們也是充滿信心展望未來，致力于下一代能夠比這一代做的更好。

In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research -- a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.  China is now the world's largest Internet user -- which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.  This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change -- and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.  But above all, I see China's future in you -- young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.

除了你們不斷增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)之外，我們很配合中國在科學(xué)和研究方面所投入的力量，包括建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和使用的技術(shù)，中國是世界上使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)最多的國家，這就是我們很高興互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是今天活動(dòng)的一部分，這個(gè)國家也擁有最大的移動(dòng)電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)，對(duì)新的投資保持繼續(xù)增長，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面有新的投資，我也希望兩國加強(qiáng)這方面的合作。但是更重要是看到年輕人你們的才能、你們的獻(xiàn)身精神、你們的夢(mèng)想在21世紀(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)方面會(huì)發(fā)揮很大的作用。

I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.  The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek -- all of these things are shared.  And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game; one country's success need not come at the expense of another.  And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.  On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations -- a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.

我說過很多次，我認(rèn)為世界是互相連接的，我們所做的工作，我們所建立的繁榮，我們所保護(hù)的環(huán)境，我們所追求的安全，所有這些都是共同的，而且是互相連接的，所以21世紀(jì)的實(shí)力不在零和游戲，一個(gè)國家成功不應(yīng)該以另外一個(gè)國家的犧牲作為代價(jià)。這就是我們?yōu)槭裁床粚で蠖糁浦袊尼绕?。相反，我們歡迎中國作為一個(gè)國際社會(huì)的強(qiáng)的、繁榮的、成功的成員。

To return to the proverb -- consider the past.  We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.  That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.  And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.  It must be rooted in our people -- in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.  And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.

再回到剛才的諺語，我們應(yīng)該考慮過去。在大的國家合作的時(shí)候，就比互相碰撞會(huì)取得更多的好處，這就是人類在歷史上不斷吸取的教訓(xùn)。我認(rèn)為我們合作應(yīng)該是超越政府間的合作，應(yīng)該是以人民為基礎(chǔ)的，我們所研究的內(nèi)容、我們所從事的生意、我們所獲得的知識(shí)、我們所進(jìn)行的體育比賽……所有這些橋梁必須是年輕人共同合作建立起來。

That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.  And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.  And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.  For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.

這就是我為什么非常高興我們要大大地宣布我們到中國學(xué)習(xí)的留學(xué)生人數(shù)，要增加到10萬人。這樣交流就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出我們是愿意致力于加強(qiáng)兩國人民的聯(lián)系，而且我是絕對(duì)有信心的。對(duì)美國來說，最好的大使、最好的使者就是年輕人，他們和你們一樣，很有才能，充滿活力，對(duì)未來的歷史還是很樂觀的。

So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.  And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.

這是我們合作的下一步，惠及兩國和全世界。今天可以吸收的一個(gè)最重要的內(nèi)容就是我們不斷地向前推進(jìn)。

So thank you very much.  And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.  Thank you very much.  (Applause.)

非常感謝?，F(xiàn)在歡迎各位提問題。