雅思寫作核心：搞清楚主謂問題作文才能上6分

　　在之前的文章中，我們分析了造成考生寫作低分的一項(xiàng)原因——語法， 今天，我們來看看雅思寫作中主謂的問題。

　　先聲明下，文中的例子選自于John Langan的College Writing Skills，來看看美國的教育學(xué)家是如何為最淺顯易懂的語言， 講明白主謂這兩個(gè)核心概念的。 這里關(guān)于主謂的知識， 我們需要了解六組。

　　1. A sentence may have more than one verb, more than one subject, or several subjects and verbs.一個(gè)句子可能會包含不止一個(gè)主語， 不止一個(gè)謂語。

　　通常來說， 簡單句中只能包含一組主謂信息。 這里所說的“不止一個(gè)主語不止一個(gè)謂語”只得是什么概念呢， 來看下邊的三個(gè)練習(xí)。

　　The engine coughed and sputtered.

　　Broken glass and empty canslittered the parking lot.

　　Marta, Nilsa, and Robert met after class and headed downtown.

　　句子中雖然出現(xiàn)了多個(gè)主語及謂語， 但用and做了銜接， 這種情況并沒有違背我們所說的一個(gè)主語一個(gè)謂語原則。

　　2. The subject of the sentence never appears within a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is simply a group of words that begins with a preposition. Following is a list of common prepositions.

　　句子的主語中絕不會包含介詞短語。

　　此方法特別適合快速讀懂長難句的句子主干。 來看選自雅思閱讀中的例句：

　　Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archeology indicates that the region has reported a series of indigenous cultures for even thousands years.

　　按照劃掉介詞短語找句子主干的方法， 劃掉in recent years, from anthropologyand archeology， of indigenous cultures , for even thousands years 這幾組介詞短語。

　　最終句子變?yōu)镋vidence gathered indicates that the region has reported a series. 這句文字的主干就變得清晰明了了。 同時(shí)也特別鼓勵大家用此種方法檢驗(yàn)自己的作文。尤其是那些喜歡寫長難句的同學(xué)， 往往句子寫長了后， 看起來是“高級”了， 但仔細(xì)一讀， 會發(fā)現(xiàn)里面缺少核心的句子成分。

　　3. Many verbs consist of more than one word. (The extra verbs are called auxiliary, or helping, verbs.) Here, for example, are some of the many forms of the verb work.

　　很多謂語包含不止一個(gè)單詞。 例如：

　　Environmental pollution has been recognized as one of the main challenges that we have to overcome in the 21st century.

　　句中的has been recognized三個(gè)單詞全部是句子的謂語， 缺少其中的任何一個(gè)詞都會造成歧義。

　　4 .Words like not, just, never, only, and-always are not part of the verb, although. they may appear within the verb.

　　Not ,just, never, only 及 always 這一類詞雖然出現(xiàn)在謂語中， 但是不屬于謂語的一部分。 此類詞為副詞， 都是來修飾動詞， 即謂語的。

　　Ruby has neverliked cold weather.

　　Our bosswillnotbe singing with the choir this year.

　　The intersectionhas not alwaysbeen this dangerous.

　　5. A verb preceded by to is never the verb of a sentence.

　　To 引導(dǎo)的部分不是謂語。 他們實(shí)際是不定式起到修飾作用。

　　At night, my sonlikes to read under the covers.

　　Evelyn decided to separate from her husband.

　　6. An -ing word by itself is never the verb of a sentence. (It may be part of verb, but it must have a helping verb in front of it.)

　　-ing絕不可以獨(dú)自當(dāng)做謂語。

　　They going on a trip this weekend.

　　(Not a sentence, because the verb is not complete)

　　They are going on a trip this weekend, (a sentence)

　　此細(xì)節(jié)在一些五分同學(xué)的作文中經(jīng)常會看到，覺得drinking, going 等等一類詞， 翻譯過來有動詞的意思變覺得是動詞，可以做謂語，實(shí)則不然，這類詞如果要當(dāng)做謂語來用還需要配合助動詞。如例句中所示，配合了are之后，整個(gè)謂語才完整。