希臘神話:ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE-俄耳甫斯與歐律狄刻
希臘神話:ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE-俄耳甫斯與歐律狄刻
所屬教程:英語寓言
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2018年08月03日
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- ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE
- 俄耳甫斯與歐律狄刻
Orpheus,the son of Apollo,was a wonderful musician. He had a lyreof his own,and learned to play on it,when he was very young. This lyre was not quite so fine a one,perhaps,as Apollo's famous golden lyre,but it could produce marvellousmusic.
Orpheus often went to a lonely place,outside the village,where he would sit on the rocks and play all day long. Then the spiders stopped their spinning,the ants left off running to and fro,and the bees forgot to gather honey;for none of them had ever heard such sweet music before. The little birds who had their nests in the grass did not know what new singer had come among them. They gathered around Orpheus to listen,some hopping around on the rocks,and others swinging on tall weeds,and trying to catch the tune.
One day a cobra,gliding by slylyunder the grass-heads,in the hope of finding eggs or young birds in some ground-nest,heard the music,and stopped to listen. He coiled himself up,raised his head, and swayedback and forth,in time to the music. The birds had nothing to fear from him while such music was filling the air. But they knew him well,as he lived close by under a rock.
As Orpheus grew older, his music became more and more wonderful. When he went to the old place to play,all the animals and birds in the fields and in the forest gathered around him. Lions,bears, wolves,foxes,eagles,hawks,owls,squirrels,little field-mice, and many other kinds of creatures were in the audience. Even the trees in the grove nearby tore themselves up by the roots,and came and stood in the circle around Orpheus,so that they could hear better. Their branches cast a pleasant shade over the other listeners ,and over Orpheus,as well,keeping off the hot raysof the afternoon sun.
The nymphs of the valley soon made friends with Orpheus,and when he had grown to be a man,one of them,whose name was Eurydice,became his wife.
One day, as Eurydice was running carelessly through the meadows,she stepped on the cobra that lived under the rock. Although the cobra was always gentle when under the influence of the magical music of Orpheus,he was not so at other times. He turned,instantly, and bit Eurydice on the ankle.
Then Eurydice had to go down to the dark underworld,where Pluto was king,and Proserpine queen.
When Orpheus came back to the meadows,he could not find Eurydice. He took his lyre,and played his sweetest,most entrancingstrains,while he wandered all about the mountains and valleys,calling to her. Her sister nymphs joined him in the search,and everywhere the hills echoedtheir calls of "Eurydice,Eurydice! "But there was no answer.
Orpheus could not bear to give up Eurydice for lost. After he had looked everywhere on earth without finding her,he knew that she must be in the underworld. He made up his mind that he would go down and play before King Pluto. He thought perhaps he could persuade Pluto and Proserpine to let her come back to the sunny valley again.
So he went down into Pluto's kingdom,and there he played such a very sweet,sad song that tears came into the eyes of all who heard it. Even Pluto,whom men thought very hard-hearted,could not help feeling sorry for the singer.
When the song was over,Orpheus implored that Eurydice might be allowed to return with him to the upper world,saying that he could not return without her. Pluto consented to let her go on one condition, and that condition was that Orpheus must have faith to believe that Eurydice was following him,and until he reached the upper air must not look back to see.
So Orpheus started back again,playing softly on his lyre. The music was not sad now. You would have thought that the dawn was coming,and that young birds were just waking in their nests. In the darkness,for it is always dark in the underworld, Eurydice was following;but Orpheus could not be sure of this. He slowly climbed the steep path over the rocks,back to the world of light and warmth. Just as he had almost reached that familiar world;just as he could feel the fresh air from the sea on his forehead,and could see the glimmerof a sunbeam reflected on the rocks,he felt all at once as if Eurydice were not there. The thought flashed into his mind that King Pluto might be deceivinghim. He turned his head,and by the dim light which was beginning to break over his path,saw Eurydice fading away and sinking down into the underworld. Her arms were stretched out toward him,but she could not follow him any farther. He had broken the condition imposed by Pluto,hence Eurydice must go back among the shades.
Oh,if only he had not looked back! Eurydice was lost indeed now. Orpheus knew that it would be of no use to try again to bring her to the upper world. He did not go back to the pleasant valley in which he had grown up,but went to live on a lonely mountain,where he spent all his days in grievingfor Eurydice.
The music that came from his lyre was so sad now that it would have broken any one's heart to hear it. When the wind blew from the north,the people who lived at the foot of the mountain could faintlyhear the mournful,wailing sound of the lyre. It came down the mountain to them,almost every day,for seven months,and then the north wind did not bring them those strains any more. Some said that Orpheus had been killed by lightning,and others that he had been torn in pieces by the Menads,certain wild,half-crazedwomen who wandered over that mountain;but no one ever knew what really did become of him.
His lyre floated down the river Hebrus,and then out to sea, sending out sweet sounds as it went,with the rise and fall of the water. One day,when the waves ran high,it was cast up on the shore at the island of Lesbos. There it remained till it was all overgrownwith vines and flowers,and half-buried under falling leaves. The nightingaleswere said to sing more sweetly on that island than in any other place.
阿波羅的兒子俄耳甫斯是個(gè)了不起的音樂家。當(dāng)他還很小的時(shí)候就擁有了自己的豎琴,并且學(xué)習(xí)彈奏。這把豎琴雖然沒有阿波羅的金豎琴那般精巧,不過,卻能彈出神奇的樂曲來。
俄耳甫斯經(jīng)常到村外清靜的地方,整天坐在巖石上彈奏,使得蜘蛛停止紡織;螞蟻不再跑來跑去;蜜蜂也忘了采蜜,因?yàn)樗鼈儚奈绰犨^如此甜美的音樂。筑巢在草中的小鳥們不知道來到他們之間的新歌手是誰,它們圍繞在俄耳甫斯的四周聆聽他的演奏,有的在巖石上東蹦西跳;有的停在高高的蘆葦上,都想記住那首曲子。
有一天,有一條毒蛇想要從地面上的鳥巢尋覓鳥蛋與雛鳥,當(dāng)它在草叢下偷偷地爬動(dòng)時(shí),聽見了這音樂,就停了下來聽。它把身體盤繞成一團(tuán),并且抬起頭,和著音樂節(jié)奏一前一后地?cái)[動(dòng)。每當(dāng)那樣的旋律回蕩在空中時(shí),小鳥們就一點(diǎn)兒也不怕它了。因?yàn)樗妥≡诟浇膸r石下面,所以它們也認(rèn)識(shí)它。
隨著年歲的增長(zhǎng),俄耳甫斯的琴藝愈發(fā)精湛。每當(dāng)他來到老地方彈奏時(shí),草原和森林中的飛禽走獸全都圍繞在他的周圍。獅子、熊、野狼、狐貍、老鷹、隼、貓頭鷹、松鼠、小田鼠以及其他許多動(dòng)物都是他的忠實(shí)聽眾。附近的樹木為了聽得更仔細(xì),竟然連根拔起,跑了過來,在俄耳甫斯的周圍圍成一圈。它們的枝丫伸展到其他聽眾和俄耳甫斯的上面,形成清涼的樹蔭,抵擋著午后炎熱的陽光。
山谷中的仙女不久也和俄耳甫斯成為朋友,他長(zhǎng)大了之后,她們之中一個(gè)叫歐律狄刻的仙女還嫁給了他。
有一天,歐律狄刻在經(jīng)過牧場(chǎng)時(shí),不小心踩到了住在巖石下的毒蛇。這條毒蛇只有在俄耳甫斯如魔術(shù)般的音樂影響下才是溫馴的,但是其他時(shí)候卻不然。它立即調(diào)過頭來,對(duì)準(zhǔn)歐律狄刻的腳踝咬了一口。
于是,歐律狄刻必須到以普路托為王、珀耳塞福涅為后的黑暗的陰間去生活了。
俄耳甫斯回到牧場(chǎng)時(shí)找不到歐律狄刻。他握著豎琴,徘徊在所有高山深谷中,一邊呼叫歐律狄刻,一邊彈奏著他最美的、最令人心曠神怡的音樂。歐律狄刻的仙女姐妹們也加入尋找的行列,山中四處回響著她們呼喊"歐律狄刻"的聲音。但卻不見半點(diǎn)回應(yīng)。
俄耳甫斯無法承受失去歐律狄刻的痛苦。他找遍地上所有的地方,仍不見她的蹤跡,這才想到她一定在陰間。他決定到陰間去,在普路托王面前彈奏。他想或許可以說服普路托與珀耳塞福涅,讓歐律狄刻重回那個(gè)充滿陽光的山谷。
于是他來到普路托的王國(guó),而且在那里彈奏出非常甜美動(dòng)人的樂曲、悲傷的樂曲,聽到的人都感動(dòng)得流下眼淚。連大家公認(rèn)是最冷酷無情的普路托,也忍不住對(duì)他產(chǎn)生了同情。
樂曲彈奏完畢后,俄耳甫斯懇求普路托允許歐律狄刻和他一起回到上面的世界,并且說沒有歐律狄刻他就不回去。普路托答應(yīng)他的請(qǐng)求,不過有個(gè)條件,就是俄耳甫斯必須堅(jiān)信歐律狄刻跟在自己的后面,在未到達(dá)上面之前,絕對(duì)不能回過頭來看。
因此,俄耳甫斯一邊柔和地彈奏豎琴,一邊開始踏上歸途。音樂不再悲傷,使人聯(lián)想到黎明即將來臨,小鳥們剛剛在鳥窩里睜開眼睛。陰間總是漆黑一片,在那黑暗中,歐律狄刻跟隨在他后面,但俄耳甫斯無法確定。他慢慢爬上巖石上的陡峭小路,回到那個(gè)充滿光線與溫暖的世界。當(dāng)他就要到達(dá)那個(gè)熟悉的世界時(shí),當(dāng)他的前額感受到從海上飄來的新鮮空氣,當(dāng)他看見反射在巖石上的微弱光線時(shí),他突然覺得歐律狄刻好像不在后面。當(dāng)"普路托王也許在騙我"的念頭閃過他的腦海時(shí),他轉(zhuǎn)過頭來看了!結(jié)果,借著開始照亮他的道路的微光,他看見歐律狄刻逐漸消失、又沉入陰間了。她的雙手向他伸過來,但是她再也不能跟隨他了。他沒有遵照普路托的條件,歐律狄刻不得不重返黑暗的世界。
啊,如果他沒有回頭就好了!如今他真正失去歐律狄刻了。俄耳甫斯明白想要再把她重新帶回上面的世界是困難的了。他沒有回到他生長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)快樂山谷,卻去住在某座荒涼的山中,在悼念歐律狄刻的悲傷中度過他的一生。
此后他用豎琴?gòu)椬喑鰜淼那佣挤浅1瘋?,任何人聽到都?huì)柔腸寸斷。北風(fēng)吹來時(shí),住在山麓的人家可以隱約地聽見豎琴凄涼哀慟的音樂。有七個(gè)月之久,幾乎每天那樂曲都會(huì)從山上傳到他們的地方,接著北風(fēng)不再為他們帶來那樣的樂曲。最后有人說俄耳甫斯被閃電劈死了;有人說他被一群流浪在山頭、粗野、半瘋狂叫做"米納德"的女人們撕成了碎片;然而沒有人知道他究竟變成什么樣子了。
他的豎琴隨著溪水飄流,并隨著波浪起伏奏出優(yōu)美的聲音,一直從海里斯河流向大海。某一天,浪卷得很高,把它沖到萊斯博斯的岸上。于是,它就遺留在那里,直到那里長(zhǎng)滿蔓草及花兒,把它半埋在落葉下。從那以后,據(jù)說那座島上的夜鶯的歌聲比其他地方的都更甜美。
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