雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯|子思-《中庸·十八》

《中庸》是一篇論述儒家人性修養(yǎng)的散文，原是《禮記》第三十一篇，相傳為子思所作，是儒家學(xué)說(shuō)經(jīng)典論著。經(jīng)北宋程顥、程頤極力尊崇，南宋朱熹作《中庸集注》，最終和《大學(xué)》、《論語(yǔ)》、《孟子》并稱(chēng)為“四書(shū)”。宋、元以后，《中庸》成為學(xué)校官定的教科書(shū)和科舉考試的必讀書(shū)，對(duì)中國(guó)古代教育產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。

《中庸·十八》 子思

子曰：“無(wú)憂(yōu)者，其惟文王乎！以王季為父，以武王為子；父作之，子述之。武王纘大王、王季、文王之緒，壹戎衣而有天下，身不失天下之顯名。尊為天子，富有四海之內(nèi)；宗廟饗之，子孫保之。武王末受命，周公成文武之德，追王大王、王季，上祀先公以天子之禮。斯禮也，達(dá)乎諸侯大夫，及士庶人。父為大夫，子為士；葬以大夫，祭以士。父為士，子為大夫，葬以士，祭以大夫。期之喪，達(dá)乎大夫。三年之喪，達(dá)乎天子。父母之喪，無(wú)貴賤，一也?！?br />

The Master said, "It is only King Wen of whom it can be said that he had no cause for grief! His father was King Ji, and his son was King Wu. His father laid the foundations of his dignity, and his son transmitted it. King Wu continued the enterprise of King T'ai, King Chi, and King Wen. He once buckled on his armor, and got possession of the empire. He did not lose the distinguished personal reputation which he had throughout the empire. His dignity was the royal throne. His riches were the possession of all within the four seas. He offered his sacrifices in his ancestral temple, and his descendants maintained the sacrifices to himself. It was in his old age that King Wu received the appointment to the throne, and the duke of Zhou completed the virtuous course of Wen and Wu. He carried up the title of king to T'ai and Chi, and sacrificed to all the former dukes above them with the imperial ceremonies. And this rule he extended to the princes of the empire, the great officers, the scholars, and the commonpeople. Was the father a great officer and the son a scholar, then the burial was that due to a great officer, and the sacrifice that due to a scholar. Was the father a scholar and the son a great officer, then the burial was that due to a scholar, and the sacrifice that due to a great officer. The one year's mourning was made to extend only to the great officers, but the three years' mourning extended to the emperor. In the mourning for a father or mother, he allowed no difference between the noble and the mean."