雙語詩歌翻譯|子思-《中庸·十九》

《中庸》是一篇論述儒家人性修養(yǎng)的散文，原是《禮記》第三十一篇，相傳為子思所作，是儒家學(xué)說經(jīng)典論著。經(jīng)北宋程顥、程頤極力尊崇，南宋朱熹作《中庸集注》，最終和《大學(xué)》、《論語》、《孟子》并稱為“四書”。宋、元以后，《中庸》成為學(xué)校官定的教科書和科舉考試的必讀書，對(duì)中國古代教育產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。

《中庸·十九》 子思

子曰：“武王、周公其達(dá)孝矣乎！夫孝者，善繼人之志，善述人之事者也。春秋修其祖廟，陳其宗器，設(shè)其裳衣，薦其時(shí)食。宗廟之禮，所以序昭穆也。序爵，所以辨貴賤也。序事，所以辨賢也。旅酬下為上，所以逮賤也。燕毛，所以序齒也。踐其位，行其禮，奏其樂，敬其所尊，愛其所親，事死如事生，事亡如事存，孝之至也。 郊社之禮，所以事上帝也；宗廟之禮，所以祀乎其先也。明乎郊社之禮，禘嘗之義，治國其如示諸掌乎！”

Confucius remarked: "The Emperor Wu and his brother, the Duke of Chow, were indeed eminently pious men. Now true filial piety consists in successful carrying out the unfinished work of our forefathers and transmitting their achievements to posterity.
In Spring and Autumn they repaired and put in order the ancestral temple; arranged the sacrificial vessels, exhibited the regalia and heirlooms of the family, and presented the appropriate offerings of the season.
The principle in the order of precedence m the ceremonies of worship in the ancestral temple is, in the first place, to arrange the members of the family according to descent. Ranks are next considered, in order to give recognition to the principle of social distinction. Services rendered are next considered as a recognition of distinction in moral worth. In the general banquet those below take precedence of those above in pledging the company, in order to show that consideration is shown to the meanest. In conclusion, a separate feast is given to the elders, in order to recognise the principle of seniority according to age.
To gather in the same places where our fathers before us have gathered; to perform the same ceremonies which they, before us, have have perfomed; to play the same music which they before us have played; to pay respect to those whom they honoured; to love those who were dear to them –in fact, to serve them now dead as if they were living, and now departed as if they were still with us– this is the highest achievement of true fillial piety.
The performance of sacrifices to Heaven and Earth is meant for the service of God. The performance of ceremonies in the ancestral temple, is meant for the worship of ancestors. If one only understood the meaning of the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth, and the signification of the services in ancestral worship, it would be the easiest thing to govern a nation.