雙語詩歌翻譯|陶淵明-《自祭文》

《自祭文》是晉宋之際文學家陶淵明為自己創(chuàng)作的一篇祭文。在這篇祭文中，作者對自己的生活情狀、性格志趣和人生理想作了總結性的抒寫。在作者看來，人要長有歡樂，必須樂天委分，也即順應自然，只有順應自然，才能做到賞不為喜、罰不為憂，享清明之心境而無物欲之牽累。此文在寫法上受祭文這一文體的限制，通篇用簡短的四字句，雜以五字、六字、八字句，雖置辭簡賅，但意象生動，含蘊豐富，且句中多次換韻，整齊中見變動，使文章顯得瀟灑飛動。此文情感真樸，文風茂實。

《自祭文》 陶淵明

歲惟丁卯，律中無射。天寒夜長，風氣蕭索，鴻雁于征，草木黃落。陶子將辭逆旅之館，永歸于本宅。故人凄其相悲，同祖行于今夕。羞以嘉蔬，薦以清酌。候顏已冥，聆音愈漠。嗚呼哀哉！茫茫大塊，悠悠高旻，是生萬物，余得為人。自余為人，逢運之貧，簞瓢屢罄，絺绤冬陳。含歡谷汲，行歌負薪，翳翳柴門，事我宵晨，春秋代謝，有務中園，載耘載籽，乃育乃繁。欣以素犢，和以七弦。冬曝其日，夏濯其泉。勤靡余勞，心有常閑。樂天委分，以至百年。惟此百年，夫人愛之，懼彼無成，愒日惜時。存為世珍，歿亦見思。嗟我獨邁，曾是異茲。寵非己榮，涅豈吾緇？捽兀窮廬，酣飲賦詩。識運知命，疇能罔眷。余今斯化，可以無恨。壽涉百齡，身慕肥遁，從老得終，奚所復戀！寒暑愈邁，亡既異存，外姻晨來，良友宵奔，葬之中野，以安其魂。窅窅我行，蕭蕭墓門，奢恥宋臣，儉笑王孫，廓兮已滅，慨焉已遐，不封不樹，日月遂過。匪貴前譽，孰重后歌？人生實難，死如之何？鳴呼哀哉！

A Requiem for My Soul
Tao Yuanming
Ding-mao is the year; the season, late autumn(1).
Cold are the days; long, the nights; bleak is the weather and disconsolate. Yellowing grass, falling leaves, southward migrate the wild geese. At the end of his sojourn, Mr. Tao is returning for good and all to the place from where he came.
Present are my friends, come to pay me a last tribute of sorrow; for this evening is set the memorial service. Laid out on the altar are offerings of food and wine. But lo, faded are the features of those around; distant and hollow, the words they mumble. How woefully sad(2)!
Vast is the universe; boundless, the sky. Life began; into being I came as man. As man I came into life, fated to be poor. The kitchen vessels were empty; in summer clothes I shivered through the cold seasons. And yet, with a light heart I would go for water down the dale; bundles of firewood I would carry home, blithely singing on my way. The days and nights I passed within my wicker gate. In keeping with the change of season, I went about my labours in the garden—weeding and hilling, breeding and raising. Pleasure I found in my books and relished my zither's soothing tone. I basked in the winter sun; in summer I washed myself at cool springs. To my duties I attended, heart and soul, without overstraining my limbs; my mind was relaxed at all times. In tune with nature and content with my lot, I've now completed my life span.
People treasure their term of life. Out for success, they snatch at the fleeting moments and cling to each passing day. To be revered while alive and remembered when dead is a desire shared by all. Differently inclined, I had been going my own way. In princely favour I saw no honour; no dirt could drag me down. Rejoicing in my humble cottage, I reveled in the pleasures of poetry and wine. Aware of nature's ways and what to expect of life, my leave I take without regret. Having attained a ripe old age and gloried in reclusiveness, now that I've lived out my days, nothing there is to hold me back.
The seasons roll on. Since to die is to be no more, my in-laws arrived in the morning hours; friends streamed in by starlight. To put my soul at rest, my body will be buried in the wilds. Dark and extended is my passage; the wind wails round the tomb's gate. The Song minister's extravagance brought shame upon himself(3). Wang Sun's frugality made him an object of ridicule(4).
My soul is fading in the void. Alas, it has drifted quite a way! Raise no mound over my grave! Plant no trees around my tomb! Time will pursue its usual course. Having made light of glory while alive, I can't care less about posthumous praise. Hard it was to trudge through life. Would it be any the easier to cope with death? How woefully sad!

(1). The ninth lunar month.
(2). A set of formula used in elegiac writings.
(3). A minister of the Spring and Autumn Period, whose artisans had spent three years carving out a stone shell (outer coffin) for him without bringing the work to completion. Confucius was aid to have been taken aback by such extravagance.
(4). Wang Sun of the Western Han Dynasty, who, on his deathbed, enjoyed his son(s) to dispose of his body in these terms: "As I want to be buri