雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯|柳宗元-《小石城山記》

《小石城山記》是唐代文學(xué)家柳宗元于唐憲宗元和元年（806年）被貶到永州擔(dān)任司馬后游行而作，是《永州八記》最后一篇。作者先詳細(xì)描繪了小石城山的形狀、布局，突出其酷似石城。贊嘆山石樹木的疏密仰伏，好像高明者有意設(shè)計(jì)、布置的，然后自然轉(zhuǎn)入關(guān)于“造物主之有無(wú)”這一重大哲學(xué)命題的議論。作者用欲擒先縱的筆法，批判了唯心主義的天命論，發(fā)泄了自己屈遭貶謫，橫受壓抑的不平。

《小石城山記》 柳宗元

自西山道口徑北，逾黃茅嶺而下，有二道：其一西出，尋之無(wú)所得；其一少北而東，不過(guò)四十丈，土斷而川分，有積石橫當(dāng)其垠。其上為睥睨梁欐之形，其旁出堡塢，有若門焉。窺之正黑，投以小石，洞然有水聲，其響之激越，良久乃已。環(huán)之可上，望甚遠(yuǎn)，無(wú)土壤而生嘉樹美箭，益奇而堅(jiān)，其疏數(shù)偃仰，類智者所施設(shè)也。

噫！吾疑造物者之有無(wú)久矣。及是，愈以為誠(chéng)有。又怪其不為之中州，而列是夷狄，更千百年不得一售其伎，是固勞而無(wú)用。神者倘不宜如是，則其果無(wú)乎？或曰：“以慰夫賢而辱于此者?！被蛟唬骸捌錃庵`，不為偉人，而獨(dú)為是物，故楚之南少人而多石?！笔嵌?，余未信之。

The Mountain of the Little Rock City
Liu Zongyuan

Heading directly northward from the mountain pass at the western mountain and going downhill after crossing Huangmao Hill, you will come to two mountain paths. One path leads westward and there is not much to see. The other path turns a little northward and then eastward, but forty zhang further, the path ends, as it is cut into halves by a river. Standing along the bank of the river is a hill of rocks. On it some rocks are piled like the parapets of a city wall, and some like beams. Beside them protrudes a rock in the shape of a fort, on which there is a door-like cave. The cave is dark inside, and should you throw a stone in it, you will clearly hear a "dong, dong" sound, which reverberates for a long while. Go up round the fort and you can reach the hill-top, where you can see into the distance. There is no soil, but this makes the beautiful trees and arrow bamboos growing on it look all the more unusual and sturdy. They are well spaced and their heights vary in an appropriate way as if their placement were designed by a clever man.

Ah! I have long been skeptical about the existence of God. Now I cannot help but believe that there is a God. But I am puzzled as to why God did not set this beautiful scenery in the prosperous midland, choosing instead this remote seclude place where its beauty has been concealed from human appraisal for thousands of years and wasted. God would not have done such a silly thing. Is there a God then? Some would say, "God did this in order to comfort those virtuous people who are exiled here." Others say, "The spirit of ingenuity did not breed great men, but created this scenery of peculiar charm instead. This is why in the south of the Kingdom of Chu there is a scarcity of virtuous and talented men but an abundance of rocks." I doubt the truth in either of these sayings.