我們學(xué)習(xí)英文表達(dá)的時(shí)候一定要知道它的使用場(chǎng)景,場(chǎng)景、語氣、說話人身份都會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)表達(dá)產(chǎn)生影響,千萬不可“死認(rèn)一個(gè)理兒”。
My sister is expecting.
expect在這里是“懷孕”的意思,一定要用ing形式才行。If you say that a woman is expecting a baby, or that she is expecting, you mean that she is pregnant.
Jennt was with child when she left Guangzhou.
with child也表示“懷孕了”,注意child前面沒有介詞。She's with child by him. 的意思是“她因?yàn)樗鴳言辛?rdquo;。
It gives him great pleasure that his wife is in the family way.
這里的"in the family way"指的也是“懷孕”的意思,不過字典上已經(jīng)標(biāo)注了是一種old-fashioned的用法,了解一下即可。
knock up可以表示“to make a woman pregnant”,例如She was knoecked up. 就是“她懷孕了”。這種用法字典上標(biāo)注了"offensive",使用的時(shí)候要注意場(chǎng)合。
拓展"in the family"和"knock up"的目的是想提醒大家查字典的時(shí)候要注意字典中的標(biāo)記,也就是我們說的register(語域)。有些詞是AmE (美式用法),有些是BrE(英式用法),有些是old-fashioned, obsolete, archaic, 也有 ethnic slur,taboo, offensive。除此之外還有一些會(huì)標(biāo)注是專業(yè)術(shù)語,例如Law, Medical等。
I have a hard stool.
hard stool意為“便秘”,和constipation同義,其反義詞是soft stool(拉肚子),和diarrhea同義。表示“拉肚子”的表達(dá)還有: the runs, Hong Kong dog.
除了知道“這個(gè)可以怎么表達(dá)”之外我們還要想一想“這個(gè)還可以怎么表達(dá)/描述”。
a) He's husbanded his much money.
b) He worked as a ship's crew, and also as a husband.
husband做動(dòng)詞可以表示“節(jié)約地使用”。
第二個(gè)句子中的husband若是理解為“丈夫”顯然是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?,在這里的意思是ship's hunband的意思,“船舶管理員”。這種用法已經(jīng)過時(shí)了,把它提出來的原因是想提醒大家理解一段話一定要聯(lián)系上下文。另外,有些作品年代久遠(yuǎn),其中的用法會(huì)和現(xiàn)在的英語有些不同,我們對(duì)于一些詞的特殊用法了解一下即可。
The boss kissed his woman secretary off.
kiss off不是“吻別”。在美國俚語中kiss off表示"to dismiss",“解雇”的意思。解雇有關(guān)的表達(dá)還有"fire" “give the sack" "give the ax" "give the pink slip"等。
The late Mr. Brown did not attend the international congress of linguists.
late在這里的意思是已故的;已逝的;尤指新近去世的;
You use late when you are talking about someone who is dead, especially someone who has died recently. 這是一個(gè)極其常見的表達(dá),務(wù)必掌握。
Thet say Roy is a natural child. It was said that Jon was a love child of Marvin.
natural child和love child都是“私生子”的意思,難聽點(diǎn)的說法是bastard(現(xiàn)在常用來表示“混蛋”的意思)。
Sleep late.
sleep late不是“睡的遲”,而是“睡到很晚才起床”,和get up late, sleep in意思一樣。之所以會(huì)造成理解錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)閷?duì)sleep這個(gè)詞的理解有誤。
“我今天晚上會(huì)早點(diǎn)睡”不是I'll sleep early tonight. 而是I'll go to bed early tonight. “昨天我很晚才睡”不是I slept late last night. 而是I went to bed late last night.
主要因?yàn)閟leep并不是“去睡覺”的意思,除了“睡著”的意思外,它表示睡覺的狀態(tài)。例如“睡得好”就是slept well, “睡得少”就是slept little。
fall asleep和go to sleep的區(qū)別在于fall asleep通常含有“不想睡著而睡著”的意思。表示“熟睡的”我們可以說fast asleep, sound asleep, 這里的fast和sound是"completely"的意思。
你可能也會(huì)見到My arm is asleep 或者 My foot is asleep這樣的表達(dá),這里的asleep是“麻痹”的意思。 If your arm or leg is asleep, it cannot feel anything because it has been in the same position for so long that the blood supply has been cut off.
I bought a new car last month, which turned out to be a lemon.
lemon在這里的意思是“無用的人或物(尤指毛病百出的新車)。
The answer is a lemon why Merry acted so.
The answer is a lemon在這里是一個(gè)習(xí)慣表達(dá),意思是“a reply is unsatisfactory or non-existent.” 這句話的意思是說“無法理解Merry為什么要這么做”。
最后以一個(gè)帶有l(wèi)emon的雞湯結(jié)尾。