看懂2019年全國(guó)兩會(huì)必備的雙語(yǔ)詞匯
2019年是新中國(guó)成立70周年，也是全面建成小康社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵之年。今年兩會(huì)值得關(guān)注點(diǎn)都有哪些呢?
為大家準(zhǔn)備了兩會(huì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和必備雙語(yǔ)詞：
兩會(huì)
two sessions
兩會(huì)是“全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)”(the National People's Congress，NPC)和“中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議”(the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，CPPCC)的簡(jiǎn)稱。
媒體一般把“兩會(huì)”譯為two sessions。
▌今年召開的是
十三屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議
the second session of the 13th NPC
全國(guó)政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議
the second session of the 13th CPPCC
▌2019兩會(huì)開幕時(shí)間
十三屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議：3月5日
全國(guó)政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議：3月3日
☆ 小貼士：為什么每年全國(guó)兩會(huì)都在3月開?
①全國(guó)兩會(huì)在3月召開的慣例，始于1985年
②財(cái)政年度以自然年度計(jì)算，3月舉行，可以給統(tǒng)計(jì)和總結(jié)留出時(shí)間
③農(nóng)歷春節(jié)一般會(huì)在一月到二月，選在3月可以避免與春節(jié)重疊。
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全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)
the National People's Congress, NPC
▌性質(zhì)
最高國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)(the country's highest organ of State power)
▌常設(shè)機(jī)關(guān)
全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)(the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress)
▌任期
每屆任期5年，每年舉行1次會(huì)議
▌職權(quán)
修改憲法，監(jiān)督憲法實(shí)施;
制定和修改刑事、民事、國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)的和其他的國(guó)家基本法律;
The NPC exercises legislative power, amends the Constitution and supervises its enforcement, formulates and amends basic statutes and other laws.
選舉、決定和罷免(elects, decides and recalls)國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)組成人員;
審查和決定基礎(chǔ)的、長(zhǎng)期的、重要的國(guó)家事務(wù);
The NPC examines and decides on the fundamental, long-term and key issues of the state.
根據(jù)憲法和法律監(jiān)督政府工作。
The NPC supervises government work in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
☆ 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)用英語(yǔ)還可以表述為：national legislative body、national legislature、the country's top legislature
▌人大代表選舉方式
根據(jù)《選舉法》規(guī)定，縣、鄉(xiāng)兩級(jí)人大代表由本行政區(qū)選民直接選舉產(chǎn)生，省級(jí)、設(shè)區(qū)的市級(jí)人大代表由下一級(jí)人大選舉產(chǎn)生，全國(guó)人大代表由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市、特別行政區(qū)和解放軍選出的代表組成。
According to the Electoral Law, deputies to county- and township-level people's congresses are directly elected by voters, while deputies to people's congresses above the county-level are elected by deputies to people's congresses at the next lower level; deputies to the NPC are elected by people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
全國(guó)人大代表實(shí)行差額選舉。候選人人數(shù)要多于代表人數(shù)五分之一至二分之一。通過(guò)無(wú)記名投票選舉，候選人獲得全體代表過(guò)半數(shù)的選票才當(dāng)選。各政黨、各人民團(tuán)體可以聯(lián)合或者單獨(dú)推薦代表候選人，代表10人以上聯(lián)名也可以推薦代表候選人。
Deputies to the NPC are elected by secret ballot, and the number of candidates is greater than the number of deputies to be elected by between one fifth and a half. All parties and people's organizations may jointly or separately recommend candidates for NPC deputies, and a group of more than ten deputies to a provincial-level people's congress may recommend a candidate.
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中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議
the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，CPPCC
簡(jiǎn)稱人民政協(xié)，是中國(guó)最高政治咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)(the top political advisory body)，是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商的重要機(jī)構(gòu)(multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China)。社會(huì)各界主要代表在會(huì)上共同參政議政。
▌性質(zhì)
中國(guó)人民愛(ài)國(guó)統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的組織;中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商的重要機(jī)構(gòu);我國(guó)政治生活中發(fā)揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義民主的一種重要形式。
The CPPCC is a patriotic united front organization of the Chinese people, serving as a key mechanism for multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and a major manifestation of socialist democracy.
▌任期
政協(xié)全國(guó)委員會(huì)每屆任期5年，每年舉行1次會(huì)議
▌人民政協(xié)的職能
主要職能是政治協(xié)商和民主監(jiān)督，組織參加政協(xié)的各黨派、團(tuán)體和各族各界人士參政議政。
政治協(xié)商是對(duì)國(guó)家和地方的大政方針以及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)生活中的重要問(wèn)題在決策之前進(jìn)行協(xié)商和就決策執(zhí)行過(guò)程中的重要問(wèn)題進(jìn)行協(xié)商。
Political consultation covers major principles and policies proposed by the central and local governments and matters of importance concerning political, economic, cultural and social affairs.
▌?wù)f(xié)委員產(chǎn)生方式
政協(xié)委員以協(xié)商推薦的方式產(chǎn)生(selected through consultation and recommendation)。
每屆政協(xié)委員名額和人選經(jīng)上屆全國(guó)委員會(huì)主席會(huì)議審議同意后，由常務(wù)委員會(huì)協(xié)商決定(approved by the Chairs Council of the preceding CPPCC National Committee)。
政協(xié)委員是中國(guó)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域、各個(gè)界別的代表(The CPPCC members represent all areas and various sectors of society)。
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容易混淆的兩會(huì)提法
▌全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)
成員是“代表”(NPC deputies)
人大代表提“議案”(motion)
“審議”政府工作報(bào)告(deliberate government work report)
履行職責(zé)、行使權(quán)力(fulfil duty and exercise power)
人大會(huì)議是“X屆全國(guó)人大X次會(huì)議”
(the Xth session of Xth NPC，比如：今年的人大會(huì)議是十三屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議，the second session of the 13th NPC)
▌中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議
成員是“委員”(CPPCC members)
政協(xié)委員提“提案”(proposal)
“討論”政府工作報(bào)告(discuss government work report)
政協(xié)委員參政議政(participate in the discussion and the handling of state affairs)
政協(xié)會(huì)議是“全國(guó)政協(xié)X屆X次會(huì)議”
(the Xth session of Xth CPPCC National Committee， 比如：今年的中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議是全國(guó)政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議，the second session of the 13th CPPCC)
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今年兩會(huì)熱點(diǎn)議題
正風(fēng)反腐
anti-corruption
全面依法治國(guó)
law-based governance of the country
社會(huì)保障
social security
教育公平
educational equality
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)
internet + government services
收入分配
distribution of income
脫貧攻堅(jiān)
poverty alleviation
環(huán)境保護(hù)
environmental protection
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