哪些產(chǎn)品可能在貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)中沖擊消費(fèi)者？

WASHINGTON — President Trump’s trade war with China is about to hit home for many consumers. This week, the administration will impose a 10 percent tariff on another $16 billion worth of Chinese products, bringing the total so far to $50 billion. Officials are now weighing a 25 percent tariff on another $200 billion worth of Chinese goods, including materials used in many of the consumer products that were spared in the first round.

華盛頓——特朗普總統(tǒng)與中國(guó)的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)即將影響許多消費(fèi)者。本周，政府將對(duì)另外價(jià)值160億美元的中國(guó)產(chǎn)品征收10%的關(guān)稅，使總數(shù)達(dá)到500億美元。官員現(xiàn)在正在考慮對(duì)另外價(jià)值2000億美元的中國(guó)商品征收25%的關(guān)稅，其中包括許多在第一輪關(guān)稅中沒(méi)有涉及的消費(fèi)品中使用的原材料。

Nearly 400 companies, trade groups and others are descending on Washington this week to testify at six days of hearings before the United States trade representative. While some are speaking out in support of the tariffs, a majority of those testifying are opposed and trying to persuade American trade officials not to tax the Chinese products or materials they depend on. They warn the tariffs could force them to raise prices and potentially destroy their businesses.

本周，近400家公司、貿(mào)易團(tuán)體和其他機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)到華盛頓，在為期六天的美國(guó)貿(mào)易聽(tīng)證會(huì)作證。雖然有些人高聲支持關(guān)稅，但大多數(shù)作證者都表示反對(duì)，并試圖說(shuō)服美國(guó)貿(mào)易官員，不要對(duì)他們所依賴的中國(guó)產(chǎn)品或原材料征稅。他們警告，關(guān)稅可能迫使他們提高價(jià)格，并可能破壞他們的業(yè)務(wù)。

Whether you’re a college student, a parent, an entrepreneur, an outdoor enthusiast or a retiree, the tariffs could ultimately affect the products you covet.

無(wú)論你是大學(xué)生、父母、企業(yè)家、戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)好者還是退休人員，關(guān)稅最終都會(huì)影響你希望購(gòu)買(mǎi)的產(chǎn)品。

Here are some of the items that the tariffs could hit and that are being discussed at this week’s hearings:

以下是關(guān)稅可能涉及的一些項(xiàng)目，本周的聽(tīng)證會(huì)正在討論它們：

Sporting Goods 體育用品

Bicycles

自行車(chē)

“With operations at this scale we anticipate that the proposed tariffs, if approved at a rate of 25 percent, would result in Trek paying an additional $30 million in tariffs each year. Trek will be forced to pass these costs on to the consumer, raising prices on adult bicycles, kids’ bicycles, components and key bicycle safety equipment like helmets.”

“對(duì)于這種規(guī)模的生意來(lái)說(shuō)，我們預(yù)計(jì)，如果批準(zhǔn)了提議中25%的關(guān)稅，將導(dǎo)致Trek每年額外支付3000萬(wàn)美元的關(guān)稅。Trek將被迫把這些成本轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費(fèi)者，提高成人自行車(chē)、兒童自行車(chē)、部件和頭盔等重要自行車(chē)安全設(shè)備的價(jià)格。”

— Written testimony of Robert Burns, Trek ——Trek公司羅伯特·伯恩斯(Robert Burns)的書(shū)面證詞

No matter your brand preference, the bike you buy in America is most likely made in part or sourced entirely in China. More than 90 percent of complete bikes are sourced from China, and at least 40 percent of imported bike components come from that country.

無(wú)論你的品牌偏好如何，你在美國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)的自行車(chē)很可能部分在中國(guó)制造，或完全來(lái)自中國(guó)。超過(guò)90%的自行車(chē)整車(chē)來(lái)自中國(guó)，至少有40%的進(jìn)口自行車(chē)零部件來(lái)自該國(guó)。

Inflatable Kayaks 充氣皮劃艇

“Implementing a tariff on our products will not bring jobs to the U.S.A. It will be an added cost of business that will be necessarily passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices, which will hurt sales. Fewer orders means fewer jobs in Port Jefferson, from customer service to warehousing and product development.”

“對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品實(shí)施關(guān)稅不會(huì)給美國(guó)帶來(lái)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。這將是額外的業(yè)務(wù)成本，必然會(huì)以更高的價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費(fèi)者，這將損害銷(xiāo)售。訂單減少意味著杰斐遜港從客戶服務(wù)到倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)和產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的工作崗位減少。”

— Written testimony of John Hoge, Sea Eagle Boats

——海鷹船公司(Sea Eagle Boats)約翰·霍奇(John Hoge)的書(shū)面證詞

Many recreational vehicles like boats and trailers rely on Chinese components that the administration has included on its tariff list. Companies like Sea Eagle Boats and Magic Tilt Trailers plan to testify about the levies, saying the extra costs will punish their customers and the United States economy while doing little to hurt China.

許多休閑交通工具，如船只和拖車(chē)，都依賴政府已列入關(guān)稅清單的中國(guó)零部件。海鷹船和魔力速度拖車(chē)(Magic Tilt Trailers)等公司計(jì)劃就這些征稅作證，稱額外成本將令他們的客戶和美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)受害，同時(shí)對(duì)中國(guó)只會(huì)造成很小的傷害。

Fitness Trackers 健身追蹤器

“Chinese wearables brands Xiaomi and Huawei are already among the top four suppliers of wearables in the world, and are aggressively targeting additional U.S. market share. Unlike U.S. companies, such as Fitbit, that maintain major, U.S.-based research efforts, Chinese companies can survive on razor-thin margins and easily absorb this tariff, potentially with state-backed support.”

“中國(guó)可穿戴設(shè)備品牌小米和華為已經(jīng)成為全球四大可穿戴設(shè)備供應(yīng)商之一，并且正積極瞄準(zhǔn)更多的美國(guó)市場(chǎng)份額。與Fitbit等在國(guó)內(nèi)維持大量研發(fā)的美國(guó)公司不同，中國(guó)企業(yè)有潛在的國(guó)家支持，可以靠微薄利潤(rùn)生存下來(lái)，并輕松負(fù)擔(dān)這一關(guān)稅。

— Written testimony provided to the trade representative on behalf of Andy Missan, Fitbit ——Fitbit公司的安迪·米森(Andy Missan)向貿(mào)易代表提供的書(shū)面證詞

Many of the wearable devices sold by American companies are either made in China or sold to American consumers by Chinese suppliers. The Trump administration has proposed imposing a tariff on wearable fitness products imported from China, which companies like Fitbit say would force them to raise prices to compensate or cut back on jobs and research and development.

美國(guó)公司銷(xiāo)售的許多可穿戴設(shè)備要么是在中國(guó)制造，要么是由中國(guó)供應(yīng)商銷(xiāo)售給美國(guó)消費(fèi)者。特朗普政府已經(jīng)提議對(duì)從中國(guó)進(jìn)口的可穿戴健身產(chǎn)品征收關(guān)稅，像Fitbit這樣的公司稱，這會(huì)迫使他們提高價(jià)格，以補(bǔ)償或者削減就業(yè)和研發(fā)開(kāi)支。

Fashion Luxury

時(shí)尚奢侈品

Handbags 手袋

“Placing tariffs on products like ours (in particular handbags) that are not at risk for intellectual property theft in manufacturing, and are not related to the China 2025 plan, will only ennoble the bad actors in the Chinese economy who pose a genuine threat to our business via bad faith registrations of our recognized trademarks.”

“我們這樣的產(chǎn)品(特別是手袋)在制造業(yè)中沒(méi)有知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)盜竊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且與“中國(guó)制造2025”計(jì)劃無(wú)關(guān)，對(duì)其征收關(guān)稅，只會(huì)使中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中通過(guò)惡意注冊(cè)我們認(rèn)可的商標(biāo)，從而對(duì)我們的業(yè)務(wù)構(gòu)成真正威脅的不良行為者獲利。”

— Written request to testify from Rebecca Minkoff

——瑞貝卡·明可弗(Rebecca Minkoff)的書(shū)面證詞

Chinese counterfeiting is a huge financial problem for luxury handbag, shoe and other retailers, who collectively lose billions of dollars each year as a result of knockoff versions of their products that are produced in China and sold globally. Companies say the tariffs will simply make their products more expensive to produce and give counterfeiters a bigger leg up in the marketplace.

對(duì)于奢侈手袋、鞋履和其他零售商而言，中國(guó)的假冒產(chǎn)品是一個(gè)巨大的財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題，在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)并在全球范圍內(nèi)銷(xiāo)售的仿制品，導(dǎo)致它們每年損失數(shù)十億美元。這些企業(yè)表示，關(guān)稅只會(huì)使他們的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)成本更高，并使造假者在市場(chǎng)上獲得更大優(yōu)勢(shì)。

Home and child-care products 家庭和兒童護(hù)理產(chǎn)品

Breast Pumps and Car Seats 吸奶器和汽車(chē)座椅

“A product marked as originating in China actually reflects manufactured and other inputs coming from the United States and many other countries. Increasing the costs of these inputs will have a negative impact on U.S. juvenile product manufacturers.”

“標(biāo)記為源自中國(guó)的產(chǎn)品實(shí)際上包含了來(lái)自美國(guó)和許多其他國(guó)家的生產(chǎn)和其他投入。增加這些投入的成本將對(duì)美國(guó)的青少年產(chǎn)品制造商產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。”

— Written request to testify from Kelly Mariotti, Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association

——青少年產(chǎn)品制造商協(xié)會(huì)的凱莉·馬里奧蒂(Kelly Mariotti)的書(shū)面證詞

Many child-care products — including manual breast pumps, car seats, strollers, play yards, cribs and changing tables — rely on materials from China or are produced in China. Several companies testifying this week say the tariffs will drive up prices, making safety products like car seats too expensive for low-income families.

許多兒童護(hù)理產(chǎn)品——包括手動(dòng)吸奶器、汽車(chē)座椅、嬰兒車(chē)、游戲床、嬰兒床和尿布臺(tái)——都依賴于中國(guó)材料或在中國(guó)生產(chǎn)。本周作證的幾家企業(yè)表示，關(guān)稅將抬高價(jià)格，使低收入家庭難以負(fù)擔(dān)汽車(chē)座椅等安全產(chǎn)品。

Down Bedding (and Jackets) 羽絨床品(和羽絨服)

“Feathers in significant quantities will come from China because that is where this byproduct is produced. There are no other countries in the world that have the supply needed to satisfy the demand of the U.S. market. A tariff on feathers from China will cause an increase in cost to the U.S. consumer.”

“大量的羽毛來(lái)自中國(guó)，因?yàn)檫@種副產(chǎn)品就在那里產(chǎn)生。世界上沒(méi)有其他國(guó)家擁有能夠滿足美國(guó)市場(chǎng)所需的供應(yīng)量。對(duì)來(lái)自中國(guó)的羽毛征收關(guān)稅將導(dǎo)致美國(guó)消費(fèi)者的負(fù)擔(dān)增加。”

— Written statement provided to the trade representative by the American Down and Feather Council

——美國(guó)羽絨和羽毛協(xié)會(huì)(American Down and Feather Council)向貿(mào)易代表提供的書(shū)面聲明

In 2017, American companies imported 16.4 million kilos of feathers and down. Most of that came from China, whose population is among the biggest consumers of duck and produces approximately 80 percent of the world’s duck and goose feathers.

2017年，美國(guó)企業(yè)進(jìn)口羽毛1640萬(wàn)公斤。其中大部分來(lái)自中國(guó)，中國(guó)人是鴨肉的最大消費(fèi)群體之一，生產(chǎn)了世界上大約80%的鴨毛和鵝毛。

Leather Couches 皮革沙發(fā)

“It seems terribly unfair given the fact that there is no leather upholstery business in the U.S. anymore, none. I would like to think that these are not punitive or just arbitrary, because our category seems to be swept up in this crisis for no explicable reason.”

“鑒于美國(guó)將不會(huì)再有皮革家具產(chǎn)業(yè)，因此這似乎非常不公平。我想這些不是懲罰性的，也不是武斷的，因?yàn)槲覀兊漠a(chǎn)業(yè)似乎在這場(chǎng)危機(jī)中被無(wú)緣無(wú)故地清洗掉了。”

— Testimony of David Mathison, Leather Miracles

——皮革奇跡(Leather Miracles)公司戴維·馬西森(David Mathison)的證詞

Furniture manufacturers are among the companies that would face tariffs on the materials they import from China, including leather, wood, metal and other components that they rely on for their products. Companies like Leather Miracles, which employs 50 people in North Carolina, say there is no alternate source for the materials they need to continue manufacturing their products and remain in business.

家具制造商從中國(guó)進(jìn)口的原材料也要面臨關(guān)稅，包括皮革、木材、金屬和其他產(chǎn)品所依賴的零部件。皮革奇跡公司在北卡羅來(lái)納州擁有50名員工，像它這樣的公司表示，他們繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)并維持業(yè)務(wù)所需的原材料沒(méi)有替代來(lái)源。

Coffee Makers, Refrigerators and Smoothie Machines 咖啡壺、冰箱和冰沙機(jī)

“Imposing additional duties on the subject products would cause disproportionate economic harm to U.S. interests, including small- and medium-size businesses and consumers.”

“對(duì)這些產(chǎn)品征收額外關(guān)稅，將對(duì)美國(guó)的利益造成不成比例的經(jīng)濟(jì)損害，包括中小企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者的利益。”

— Written request to testify on behalf of David Stephenson, SharkNinja ——SharkNinja公司代表戴維·史蒂芬遜(David Stephenson)的書(shū)面證詞

From vacuums to blenders to French door refrigerators, the appliances we use every day often come from China. Many manufacturers say a 25 percent tariff on the components or finished products they import would require them to pass that on to consumers, resulting in higher prices and lost market share to foreign competitors who do not face similar levies.

從真空吸塵器到攪拌機(jī)再到雙開(kāi)門(mén)冰箱，我們每天使用的電器通常來(lái)自中國(guó)。許多制造商表示，對(duì)其進(jìn)口的部件或成品征收25%的關(guān)稅將令他們把成本轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費(fèi)者，從而導(dǎo)致價(jià)格上漲，并將市場(chǎng)份額拱手讓給無(wú)需面臨類(lèi)似征稅的外國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。