北京雙胞胎姐妹不幸溺亡 如何及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)溺水？又該如何預(yù)防和施救？

8月5日下午，北京一對(duì)8歲的雙胞胎姐妹在山東青島黃島區(qū)沙灘玩耍時(shí)失蹤，事發(fā)后救援組織、當(dāng)?shù)厥忻窦熬W(wǎng)友紛紛加入尋人隊(duì)伍，最終，搜救人員先后找到兩人遺體，均為溺水身亡。

救援現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。　趙玉勛　攝

Police in Qingdao, Shandong province, confirmed on Monday that 8-year-old twin girls who traveled from Beijing had been found drowned.

山東青島警方周一證實(shí)，來(lái)自北京的一對(duì)8歲雙胞胎姐妹已被發(fā)現(xiàn)溺亡。

The twins had come to the coastal city with their mother for a holiday.

兩個(gè)孩子和母親一起來(lái)青島旅游度假。

The mother said she lost sight of the girls on a beach in the city's Huangdao district around 3 pm on Sunday as they were having fun digging in the sand just meters away from her. They were wearing swimming suits and had bare feet.

孩子母親說，周日下午3點(diǎn)左右，她們?cè)邳S島區(qū)的沙灘上游玩。孩子們?cè)陔x自己幾米遠(yuǎn)的地方挖沙子，一會(huì)兒功夫她卻發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們不見了。她們身穿游泳衣，光著腳丫。

The mother said she would check her mobile phone from time to time as the girls were playing, but she looked up at some point and found that the girls were missing. After almost an hour of searching, she called the police.

這位母親說，孩子們玩兒的時(shí)候，她時(shí)不時(shí)看看手機(jī)。但突然她抬頭一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們不見了。她找了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)都沒找到，于是報(bào)了警。

The twins' deaths drew wide concern on social media, with many comments warning of possible dangers. Some social media users, who seemed familiar with tidal currents in Qingdao, said the sea often ebbs at the time the twins vanished, and people can be carried off easily by the current.

雙胞胎女孩溺亡的消息在社交媒體引起廣泛關(guān)注。很多人提醒大家有可能出現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)。一些熟悉青島海邊潮汐流的網(wǎng)友說，兩人消失的時(shí)刻海水通常在退潮，海浪很容易把人卷走。

夏季是溺水事故的高發(fā)季節(jié)，在此我們準(zhǔn)備了一些溺水預(yù)防及救護(hù)常識(shí)，希望大家提高安全意識(shí)，避免悲劇重演。

溺水的危險(xiǎn)因素

嬰兒和兒童溺水的危險(xiǎn)因素：

Lack of supervision in the bathtub or other body of water

在浴缸或者其他水體時(shí)缺乏照看。

A swimming pool is a risk factor in itself. Children, who have drowned, usually have been out of sight for less than 5 minutes.

游泳池本身就是個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素。溺水的兒童通常脫離大人的視線還不到5分鐘。

Lack of life jackets (personal floatation devices) on boats. Pool toys are not a substitute for a "real" life jacket.

船上救生衣(救生圈)不夠用。泳池玩具不能替代真正的救生衣。

Child abuse or neglect

虐待兒童或疏忽。

青少年和成年人的溺水危險(xiǎn)因素：

Alcohol consumption. Alcohol use is a factor in half of all teenage and adult drowning deaths.

飲酒。在所有的青少年和成年人溺亡案例中，有一半是因?yàn)轱嬀茖?dǎo)致。

Inability to swim

不會(huì)游泳。

Medical emergency in the water. This includes victims who experience a heart attack, stroke or seizure in the water. It also includes open water drowning victims who sustain an animal bite or sting.

水中醫(yī)療緊急事故，包括突發(fā)心臟病、中風(fēng)或驚厥，以及在開放水域被動(dòng)物咬傷或叮傷的溺水者。

Fatigue or exhaustion when swimming.

游泳時(shí)疲勞甚至精疲力盡。

Not appreciating the environment. This includes diving into shallow water and sustaining a head or neck injury, or falling into the water when walking on thin ice.

不顧周圍環(huán)境。包括在淺水區(qū)跳水導(dǎo)致頭頸部受傷，或者在薄冰上行走時(shí)掉進(jìn)冰窟。

Boating accidents

船只事故。

Lack of life jackets (personal floatation devices or PFDs)

缺少救生衣(救生圈)。

Scuba diving accidents

水肺潛水事故。

Suicide attempts

企圖自殺。

如何分辨某人是否溺水?

Drowning is a silent killer. Victims may not be able to call for help because they are expending all of their energy trying to breathe or keep their head above water. When water is inhaled, the upper airway or larynx (voice box) may go into a spasm, making it difficult to cry for help.

溺水是一個(gè)無(wú)聲殺手。溺水者可能無(wú)法呼救，因?yàn)樗麄冋谄幢M全力呼吸或者把頭伸出水面。他們嗆水時(shí)，上呼吸道或者喉部(喉頭)可能會(huì)痙攣，很難呼救。

Victims of drowning usually do not thrash in the water as often depicted on television or in the movies. Most victims are found floating or submerged in the water.

溺水者一般不會(huì)像電視或電影中描述的那樣在水中猛烈拍打。大多數(shù)遇難者只是漂浮或者半淹在水中。

The drowning victim often is bobbing with their head tilted back just at the waterline and the mouth wide open. The respiratory effort may be rapid but is often shallow. The eyes tend to be wide open and may hold a sense of panic. If there is a swimming effort, it is weak and uncoordinated.

溺水者常常頭部后傾在水面上，上下?lián)潋v，同時(shí)嘴巴張大。他們的呼吸急促，但非常淺，眼睛睜大，有恐慌感。游泳的動(dòng)作無(wú)力且不協(xié)調(diào)。

溺水后如何救護(hù)?

The treatment for a possible drowning is a first aid emergency. Often, once the victim has been removed from the water, CPR may be necessary and emergency medical services should be activated.

如果遇到有人溺水，首先要開展急救。在通常情況下，溺水者被救上岸邊后，應(yīng)進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇，并撥打急救電話。

溺水的預(yù)防

Learning how to swim should be a priority for all children and for people of all ages.

不管是孩子還是大人，首先要學(xué)會(huì)游泳。

When participating in water sports, the use of a personal floatation device (life jacket) is mandatory. Pool toys are not a substitute.

在參加水上運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，必須要穿上救生衣。泳池玩具不可替代救生衣。

Alcohol is a major contributor to drowning accidents. Water and alcohol don't mix.

飲酒是溺水的一個(gè)很大的危險(xiǎn)因素。游泳就不要飲酒。

Never leave an infant unattended in a bathtub or near water.

不要把嬰兒留在浴盆或者水邊疏于照看。

Never leave a child unattended near water, whether that is a swimming pool or natural water.

不要把孩子留在水邊疏于照看，不管是游泳池還是天然水源。

Know about the dangerous undercurrents and waves that occur in fresh or sea water

了解淡水和海水中危險(xiǎn)的暗流和海浪。

Avoid dangerous marine animals such as jellyfish and fire coral

避免碰到危險(xiǎn)的海洋生物，比如水母和火珊瑚。

Know the depth of ice before walking on it

在冰面上走時(shí)要知道冰層的厚度。

Never swim alone.

永遠(yuǎn)不要獨(dú)自游泳。

Learn CPR

學(xué)習(xí)心肺復(fù)蘇。