馬來西亞大選：一場歷史性的政局變更

The official opposition victory in Malaysia’s election on Wednesday has put a new focus on the country’s political system, which has been dominated by one party since independence.

在馬來西亞周三的選舉中，反對黨獲得正式勝利，這讓人們重新開始關(guān)注該國自獨立以來，一直由一個政黨主導(dǎo)的政治體制。

Here’s a look at the central questions about Malaysia’s political system and important figures in the political sphere.

以下是關(guān)于馬來西亞政治體制和政治領(lǐng)域重要人物的幾個核心問題。

Who won?

誰贏了?

Mahathir Mohamad, a 92-year-old former prime minister, led an opposition coalition to victory over his former protégé, Prime Minister Najib Razak. Mr. Mahathir served as prime minister from 1981 to 2003, a period of strong growth followed by the Asian financial crisis, from which the country recovered after rejecting austerity policies.

92歲的前總理馬哈蒂爾·穆罕默德(Mahathir Mohamad)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的反對黨陣營聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)勝了他從前的門徒、總理納吉布·拉扎克(Najib Razak)。馬哈蒂爾在1981年至2003年期間曾擔(dān)任總理，那是一個強勁增長的時期，隨后出現(xiàn)了亞洲金融危機，馬來西亞在放棄緊縮政策后，從危機中復(fù)蘇。

Mr. Mahathir was known for his autocratic tendencies, advocacy of Asian exceptionalism and occasional anti-Semitic jibes that prompted international condemnation. His electoral victory this week required that he work with some of the opposition figures who were his rivals in past decades.

馬哈蒂爾以其專制傾向、倡導(dǎo)亞洲例外論和偶爾出現(xiàn)的反猶嘲弄言論為人所知，這些都曾引起國際社會的譴責(zé)。他在本周選舉中的勝利要求他與一些過去幾十年的敵人進行合作。

After hours of discussions on Thursday, Malaysia’s king agreed to appoint him prime minister.

經(jīng)過幾個小時的討論，馬來西亞國王同意任命他為總理。

Malaysia has a king?

馬來西亞有國王?

Yes, but it is a position with little parallel. The monarch, officially the “yang di-pertuan agong,” is selected from a group of hereditary rulers who are titular leaders of the Malay states. The position has a five-year term and changes hands in a regular order of rotation.

是的，但這是一個幾乎沒有同例的身份。君主，即官方所稱的“馬來西亞最高元首”，是從馬來各州世襲的名義領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人中挑選出來的。該職位的任期為五年，定期按順序輪換。

The current king, Sultan Muhammad V of Kelantan, ascended the throne in December 2016.

現(xiàn)任最高元首是克倫坦的蘇丹·莫哈末五世(Sultan Muhammad V of Kelantan)，他于2016年12月登基。

The royals have limited authority, but under Malaysia’s constitutional monarchy, the king must appoint the prime minister based on who commands the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament.

王室的權(quán)力有限，但在馬來西亞的君主立憲制下，元首必須任命得到下議院多數(shù)議員支持的人為總理。

What will happen to Najib?

納吉布會怎么樣?

Mr. Najib, 64, has been accused of stealing hundreds of millions of dollars in public money from a government investment fund he once headed. If he is no longer in power, he could face prosecution. The United States Justice Department is investigating the disappearance of more than $3.5 billion, much of which is believed to have been laundered through American financial institutions.

64歲的納吉布被指控從他曾經(jīng)牽頭的一個政府投資基金中挪用數(shù)億美元的公共資金。如果他不再掌權(quán)，可能面臨起訴。美國司法部(Justice Department)正在調(diào)查一起35億美元(約合222億元人民幣)的失蹤案，據(jù)信其中大部分是通過美國金融機構(gòu)洗錢而消失的。

Mr. Mahathir said his coalition would not pursue a vendetta against political opponents. But he did not rule out the possibility of legal jeopardy for Mr. Najib.

馬哈蒂爾表示，他的聯(lián)合政府不會報復(fù)政治對手。但他并未排除納吉布面臨法律風(fēng)險的可能性。

“We don’t want to punish people because they disagree with us, but the law will be fully implemented in this country,” Mr. Mahathir said. “Before, there was no rule of law.”

“我們不想因為人們不同意我們的觀點而懲罰他們，但法律將在這個國家得到充分執(zhí)行，”馬哈蒂爾說。“以前沒有法治。”

Who is Anwar Ibrahim?

安瓦爾·易卜拉欣(Anwar Ibrahim)是誰?

As he spoke Thursday, Mr. Mahathir was seated next to Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, who ran with him as their coalition’s nominee for deputy prime minister. Her husband, Anwar Ibrahim, is a former deputy prime minister whom Mr. Mahathir had removed from office and prosecuted.

馬哈蒂爾星期四發(fā)表講話時，坐在萬·阿齊扎·萬·伊斯梅爾(Wan Azizah Wan Ismail)旁邊。她作為聯(lián)合政府提名的副總理與馬哈蒂爾一起競選。她的丈夫安瓦爾·易卜拉欣(Anwar Ibrahim)是曾被馬哈蒂爾免職并起訴的前副總理。

Mr. Anwar was jailed on corruption and sodomy charges that were widely criticized as being politically motivated. Mr. Mahathir said he would seek Mr. Anwar’s release and pardon so that he could return to politics.

安瓦爾因腐敗和雞奸罪名入獄，這些指控被普遍批評為出于政治動機。馬哈蒂爾說，他將尋求釋放并豁免安瓦爾，以便其重返政界。