關(guān)于朝韓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)，你需要了解的

SEOUL, South Korea — The leaders of North and South Korea will meet for talks on Friday, a rare moment of face-to-face diplomacy after 70 years of bitter rivalry.

韓國(guó)首爾——朝鮮和韓國(guó)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將于周五會(huì)晤，這是經(jīng)過(guò)70年激烈較量之后的罕見(jiàn)時(shí)刻。

Adding to the history-making stakes of Friday’s encounter is the prospect that if all goes well, President Trump and Kim Jong-un will have their own meeting in May or June. Those talks would be the first dialogue between a sitting American president and a leader of North Korea.

在周五會(huì)晤的創(chuàng)歷史性賭注之上，還有這樣一種可能：如果一切進(jìn)展順利，特朗普總統(tǒng)和金正恩將在5月或6月舉行他們兩人的會(huì)晤，那將是美國(guó)現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)與朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的首次對(duì)話。

On the table are issues that have bedeviled the Korean Peninsula for much of the 20th century, including an official end to the Korean War, as well as some that are already shaping the 21st, like the North’s nuclear weapons and missile programs.

擺在桌面上的問(wèn)題，是一些在20世紀(jì)的大部分時(shí)間里一直困擾著朝鮮半島的問(wèn)題，包括朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的正式結(jié)束;以及一些已經(jīng)在影響21世紀(jì)的問(wèn)題，比如朝鮮的核武器和導(dǎo)彈計(jì)劃。

As Mr. Kim and President Moon Jae-in of South Korea prepare to meet at Panmunjom, the so-called truce village that straddles their countries’ border, here is what you need to know.

隨著金正恩和韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)文在寅準(zhǔn)備在跨越兩國(guó)邊界的所謂“休戰(zhàn)村”板門(mén)店會(huì)面，你需要了解以下事情。

Why are the Koreas still at war?

為什么朝鮮半島仍處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)?

The Korean War effectively ended in a stalemate in July 1953, after three years of fighting.

朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在經(jīng)歷了三年戰(zhàn)火之后，于1953年7月以僵局告終。

The conflict, the first of the Cold War, pitted North Korea, a Communist dictatorship supported by China, against South Korea and its ally, the United States, which led a United Nations force. Generals from North Korea, China and the United States signed the 1953 armistice at Panmunjom. The South Korean leader, Syngman Rhee, however, refused to sign.

這場(chǎng)冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的第一次沖突，發(fā)生在由中國(guó)支持的共產(chǎn)主義獨(dú)裁政權(quán)朝鮮以及韓國(guó)及其盟友美國(guó)之間，美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一支聯(lián)合國(guó)部隊(duì)參戰(zhàn)。朝鮮、中國(guó)和美國(guó)的軍事將領(lǐng)們于1953年在板門(mén)店簽署了停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定，但韓國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人李承晚拒絕在協(xié)定上簽字。

A peace treaty was never negotiated, though the Chinese proposed one in 1954. Because the cease-fire was never succeeded by a treaty, technically the parties are still at war.

雖然中國(guó)曾在1954年提出過(guò)一項(xiàng)和平條約，但從未進(jìn)行過(guò)和平條約談判。由于停火之后從未達(dá)成條約，所以雙方從技術(shù)上講仍處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)。

What is the Demilitarized Zone?

什么是非軍事區(qū)?

The Demilitarized Zone, or DMZ, is a stretch of land that spans the Korean Peninsula at the 38th parallel, serving as a buffer between North and South Korea. Despite its name, it is heavily fortified with land mines, armed soldiers and barbed wire.

非軍事區(qū)(Demilitarized Zone，縮寫(xiě)為DMZ)指的是沿著橫跨朝鮮半島北緯38度線的作為朝鮮與韓國(guó)之間緩沖地帶的區(qū)域。盡管名為非軍事區(qū)，但那里布滿(mǎn)了地雷，有重兵把守，還設(shè)有鐵絲網(wǎng)。

It is 160 miles long and about 2.5 miles wide. Panmunjom, located within the DMZ and just 35 miles from the South Korean capital, Seoul, is the site of the Joint Security Area, where troops from North and South Korea are separated by only a few feet.

非軍事區(qū)約260公里長(zhǎng)、4公里寬。板門(mén)店位于非軍事區(qū)內(nèi)，距離韓國(guó)首都首爾僅55公里，是共同警戒區(qū)的所在地，朝鮮和韓國(guó)的軍隊(duì)在那里只有幾米之隔。

A hotline directly connecting the two Korean leaders was installed last week. As a warm-up gesture, the line is supposed to be used by Mr. Kim and Mr. Moon before they travel to Panmunjom. Their talks will take place inside the Peace House, a conference center on the south side of the truce village.

直接連接朝鮮和韓國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的熱線電話上周已開(kāi)通。作為準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)的姿態(tài)，金正恩和文在寅在前往板門(mén)店前將使用這條熱線。他們的會(huì)談將在和平之家舉行，這是休戰(zhàn)村南邊的一個(gè)會(huì)議中心。

What would a peace treaty mean?

和平條約將意味著什么?

Mr. Moon has said the leaders will talk about establishing a treaty that would formally end the Korean War.

文在寅曾表示，兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將就達(dá)成一項(xiàng)正式結(jié)束朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的條約進(jìn)行討論。

In the past, North Korea has demanded that the American soldiers stationed in the South must leave the peninsula as a condition of peace. But Mr. Kim’s stance on the future of the 28,500 American troops appears to have softened in recent weeks.

以前，朝鮮一直要求駐扎在韓國(guó)的美國(guó)士兵離開(kāi)朝鮮半島，作為和平的先決條件。不過(guò)，近幾周來(lái)，金正恩在2.85萬(wàn)名駐韓美軍的未來(lái)問(wèn)題的立場(chǎng)上似乎有所軟化。

Over the decades, American presidents have decreased the number of troops stationed in the South. The Trump administration has made no suggestion that it would shrink the military contingent further.

幾十年來(lái)，歷任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)一直在減少駐韓美軍的數(shù)量。特朗普政府還沒(méi)有暗示過(guò)會(huì)進(jìn)一步縮小駐韓美軍的規(guī)模。

What is the likely outcome of Friday’s meeting?

周五的會(huì)晤可能有什么結(jié)果?

Expect heavily scripted generalities. Mr. Kim and Mr. Moon plan to issue a joint declaration, which was largely brokered during a recent visit by South Korean officials to Pyongyang. Mr. Kim has said he is willing to discuss denuclearization in exchange for guarantees that his government would not be overthrown and his personal security would be assured.

預(yù)計(jì)有大量照本宣科的籠統(tǒng)說(shuō)法。金正恩和文在寅打算發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明，這是韓國(guó)官員近期訪問(wèn)平壤時(shí)促成的。金正恩已表示，他愿意討論無(wú)核化問(wèn)題，以換取他的政府不被推翻、他個(gè)人的安全能夠得到保證的擔(dān)保。

The expected statement is likely to be short on specifics, intended to set the groundwork for more substantial negotiations between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump. Watch for a commitment that the North and South will meet more regularly.

預(yù)期的聲明可能會(huì)缺乏具體細(xì)節(jié)，聲明是為給金正恩和特朗普進(jìn)行更實(shí)質(zhì)性的談判奠定基礎(chǔ)。值得關(guān)注的是朝鮮和韓國(guó)將更加經(jīng)常舉行會(huì)談的承諾。

What should we expect from talks between Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim?

我們應(yīng)該在特朗普與金正恩的會(huì)談中期待什么?

The two leaders spent much of last year exchanging threats and insults, but Mr. Trump has been widely positive in his approach to Mr. Kim since the North Korean leader signaled a willingness to negotiate.

盡管這兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在去年的大部分時(shí)間都在互相威脅和辱罵，但自從朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人表示愿意談判以來(lái)，特朗普在對(duì)待金正恩的方式上一直持高度積極的態(tài)度。

The president praised Mr. Kim’s announcement last week that he would suspend missile and nuclear tests and close a nuclear test site. So far, Mr. Trump has set no preconditions for talks with Mr. Kim.

特朗普稱(chēng)贊了金正恩上周的聲明，金正恩說(shuō)，他將暫停導(dǎo)彈和核試驗(yàn)，并將關(guān)閉一個(gè)核試驗(yàn)基地。到目前為止，特朗普都還沒(méi)有設(shè)定任何與金正恩會(huì)談的先決條件。

But administration officials have been much firmer. They have called for a complete dismantlement of the nuclear arsenal in North Korea, a process that would need to be verified by inspections. Many experts see the latest offer from North Korea to suspend testing as an effort to wind back punishing United Nations sanctions.

但美國(guó)政府官員的態(tài)度更為強(qiáng)硬。他們要求徹底廢除朝鮮的核武庫(kù)，這是一個(gè)需要通過(guò)核查來(lái)進(jìn)行證實(shí)的過(guò)程。許多專(zhuān)家把朝鮮最近提出的暫停核試驗(yàn)的提議看作是放松聯(lián)合國(guó)制裁的努力。

Mr. Kim has called for the “phased” and “synchronized” implementation of any denuclearization deal, in which each stage of dismantlement would be met with incentives like the easing of sanctions.

金正恩呼吁要“分階段”和“同步地”執(zhí)行任何無(wú)核化協(xié)議，這意味著，廢除核武器的每一步都要得到譬如放松制裁等激勵(lì)措施的響應(yīng)。

Why is Japan wary of the rapprochement between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump?

為什么日本對(duì)金正恩和特朗普之間的友好關(guān)系保持警惕?

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan is worried that the United States will agree to a deal in which North Korea dismantles its intercontinental missiles, but keeps shorter-range missiles that can hit Japan.

日本首相安倍晉三擔(dān)心，美國(guó)將與朝鮮達(dá)成的協(xié)議，會(huì)要求朝鮮放棄其洲際導(dǎo)彈，但允許朝鮮保留能夠打擊日本的短程導(dǎo)彈。

Some analysts believe such an agreement would allow Mr. Trump to claim that he had saved the United States from the threat of North Korea, though doing so could come at the expense of Japan and South Korea.

一些分析人士認(rèn)為，這樣的協(xié)議將讓特朗普能夠聲稱(chēng)他不再讓美國(guó)受到朝鮮的威脅，盡管這樣做可能會(huì)損害日本和韓國(guó)的利益。