世界首臺(tái)海洋塑料清理機(jī)將啟用 嘗試處理太平洋垃圾帶碎片

聯(lián)合國(guó)去年底發(fā)布警告稱，每年有數(shù)百萬(wàn)噸塑料垃圾進(jìn)入海洋，并正造成“不可挽回的損失”，海洋生物正面臨著巨大威脅，而這些塑料碎片很可能因?yàn)槭秤敏~類出現(xiàn)在我們體內(nèi)。荷蘭一家名為“海洋清理”的非營(yíng)利性技術(shù)公司將啟用世界首臺(tái)海洋塑料清理機(jī)，收集處理“大太平洋垃圾帶”碎片。

這些焊接在一起的巨大管子將構(gòu)成海洋塑料清理機(jī)的主體(荷蘭“海洋清理”公司網(wǎng)站)

Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic.

科學(xué)家們正準(zhǔn)備率先使用機(jī)器清理地球上最大海洋塑料垃圾堆。

The system, originally dreamed up by a teenager, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, and which contains an estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic.

該清理系統(tǒng)源自一名青少年的構(gòu)想，將在今年夏天被運(yùn)往“大太平洋垃圾帶”。大太平洋垃圾帶位于美國(guó)夏威夷和加利福尼亞之間，總共有大約1.8萬(wàn)億片塑料。

It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.

這將是自1997年發(fā)現(xiàn)該垃圾帶以來(lái)首次嘗試對(duì)它進(jìn)行處理。

The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch – about 40,000 metric tons – within five years.

專家們認(rèn)為，這種機(jī)器應(yīng)該能在5年內(nèi)收集垃圾帶中一半的碎片，總重量約4萬(wàn)噸。

In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.

在過(guò)去幾周里，他們一直在忙著將巨大的管子焊接在一起。這些管子將被放置在海面上，構(gòu)成機(jī)器的主體，也成為有史以來(lái)人類制造的最大的漂浮屏障。

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) spans 617,763 sq miles - more than twice the size of France, and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month.

上月的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大太平洋垃圾帶的面積達(dá)到61萬(wàn)7763平方英里(約合160萬(wàn)平方公里)，是法國(guó)面積的兩倍多，其中含有至少7.9萬(wàn)噸塑料。

Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” – parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes – often from illegal fishing vessels.

塑料主要由“幽靈漁具”構(gòu)成，包括廢棄或丟失的漁網(wǎng)、繩索等漁具的組件，而這些漁具大都來(lái)自非法捕魚船只。

Nearly half the debris collected from the Great Pacific garbage patch consisted of discarded fishing nets (The Ocean Cleanup Foundation)

Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic.

科學(xué)調(diào)查顯示，幽靈漁具每年導(dǎo)致超過(guò)10萬(wàn)頭鯨、海豚和海豹死亡。越來(lái)越多的海鳥和其他海洋生物被發(fā)現(xiàn)死亡時(shí)胃里裝滿了小塊塑料。

More than 8 million tons of plastic is dumped into our oceans every year, according to the US-based Plastic Oceans Foundation.

總部位于美國(guó)的塑料海洋基金會(huì)表示，每年有超過(guò)800萬(wàn)噸塑料被傾倒入海洋。

Up to 90 percent of the world’s plastic items are never recycled, and scientists believe nearly every piece ever created is still in existence somewhere, in some form, with most going into landfill or the environment. Single-use plastic, such as water bottles and nappies, take 450 years to break down.

世界上有多達(dá)90%的塑料制品從來(lái)沒有被回收利用，而科學(xué)家認(rèn)為幾乎每一片制造出來(lái)的塑料都以某種形式存在于某個(gè)地方，其中大部分進(jìn)入到垃圾填埋場(chǎng)或環(huán)境中。水瓶和尿片等一次性塑料制品需要450年才能夠降解。

The system to tackle the largest swirling mass of rubbish in the Pacific has been designed by a non-profit technology firm called The Ocean Cleanup, set up by Dutch inventor Boyan Slat when he was an 18-year-old aerospace engineering student.

用于處理太平洋上最大垃圾帶的系統(tǒng)是由一家名為“海洋清理”的非營(yíng)利性技術(shù)公司設(shè)計(jì)的，該公司由荷蘭發(fā)明家博揚(yáng)•斯萊特創(chuàng)建，當(dāng)時(shí)他還是一名18歲的航空航天工程系學(xué)生。

“What I really hope is that the ocean clean-up in this century can be a symbol for us using technology to make things better.”

斯萊特說(shuō)：“我真正希望的是，本世紀(jì)的海洋清理能夠成為我們利用技術(shù)使世界變得更加美好的標(biāo)志。”

The clean-up contraption consists of 40ft pipes – ironically made of plastic – that will be fitted together to form a long, snaking tube.

這套清理裝置由40英尺(約合12米)長(zhǎng)的管子組成——具有諷刺意味的是這些管子也是塑料的，它們將被連在一起，形成一個(gè)蛇形的長(zhǎng)管。

Filled with air, they will float on the ocean's surface in an arc, and have nylon screens hanging down below forming a giant floating dustpan to catch the plastic rubbish that gathers together when moved by the currents. The screens, however, will be unable to trap microplastics – tiny fragments.

充滿空氣的管子將呈弧形漂浮在海面上，下面懸掛的尼龍篩網(wǎng)將形成一個(gè)巨大的漂浮簸箕，捕獲隨著水流移動(dòng)而聚集在一起的塑料垃圾。不過(guò)，這些篩網(wǎng)無(wú)法捕獲塑料微粒——極其微小的碎片。

Fish will be able to escape the screens by swimming underneath them.

魚能夠從篩網(wǎng)下面游過(guò)，不會(huì)被它們捕獲。

The Ocean Cleanup team aim to launch the beginnings of the system from the shores of San Francisco Bay within weeks, start it working by July and then keep extending it.

“海洋清理”公司團(tuán)隊(duì)計(jì)劃在幾周之內(nèi)從舊金山灣區(qū)的海岸開始投放這種系統(tǒng)，在7月底之間開始啟用，然后不斷擴(kuò)大作業(yè)面積。

They plan to have 60 giant floating scoops, each stretching a mile from end to end. Boats will go out to collect debris every six to eight weeks.

他們計(jì)劃放置60個(gè)巨大的漂浮簸箕，每一個(gè)簸箕的跨度為1英里(約合1.6公里)，然后每隔6到8周會(huì)派出船只去收集捕獲的塑料碎片。

Mr Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea.

16歲的斯萊特還在上學(xué)時(shí)曾經(jīng)去希臘潛水，第一次親眼看到了污染大海的塑料垃圾的數(shù)量。

“There were more bags than fish down there,” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company.

他回憶道：“那里的塑料袋比下面的魚還要多。”兩年后，他想出了一個(gè)解決方案，并在上大學(xué)6個(gè)月后退學(xué)，創(chuàng)建了“海洋清理”公司。

Following a crowdfunding campaign that raised £1.57m and later investment bringing the total to £28.56m, the company now has 65 paid staff, including researchers and engineers.

該公司經(jīng)過(guò)眾籌活動(dòng)籌集到157萬(wàn)英鎊(約合1383萬(wàn)元人民幣)，后來(lái)得到的投資使得籌資總額達(dá)到2856萬(wàn)英鎊(約合2.5億元人民幣)，現(xiàn)在公司擁有65名員工，其中包括研究人員和工程師。

Mr Slat, 23, says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone.

現(xiàn)年23歲的斯萊特說(shuō)，第一塊被送到岸上的塑料將成為一個(gè)重要的里程碑。

“We as a humanity created this problem, so I think it's our responsibility also to help solve it,” he said.

他說(shuō)：“作為人類，我們制造了這個(gè)問題，所以我認(rèn)為我們也有責(zé)任幫助解決這個(gè)問題。”

He told US business website Fast Company: “Most of the plastic is still large, which means that in the next few decades if we don’t get it out, the amount of microplastics can be tenfold or 100-fold.”

斯萊特對(duì)美國(guó)快公司商業(yè)網(wǎng)站說(shuō)：“大多數(shù)塑料垃圾仍然很大，這意味著如果我們?cè)谖磥?lái)幾十年里不把它們清理出來(lái)，塑料微粒的數(shù)量就可能達(dá)到現(xiàn)在的10倍到100倍。”