“男人不把我們當(dāng)人對(duì)待”：印度女性學(xué)習(xí)自我防衛(wèi)

NEW DELHI — The schoolgirls ran into the auditorium, shouting, “Let’s go, let’s go,” in Hindi as they ushered one another into single-file lines. Some adjusted the big, red bows that held their braids together, part of their school uniform. Then they crouched into defensive postures, fists ready.

新德里——女學(xué)生們用印地語(yǔ)喊著“快走、快走”，跑進(jìn)了禮堂，她們相互引導(dǎo)著排成一排排。有人整理了一下綁著長(zhǎng)辮的紅色大蝴蝶結(jié)，這是她們校服的一部分。然后她們屈膝擺出了防御姿勢(shì)，握拳。

“Oss!” they yelled — a karate greeting combining the Japanese words for push and persevere. “Oss!”

她們喊道——這是一種空手道的行禮方式，是日語(yǔ)“押”和“忍”的結(jié)合。

They bowed slightly to their mentors before unleashing a series of punches, karate chops and kicks, interspersed with occasional giggles, whispers and sheepish smiles.

她們向?qū)熚⑽⒕狭藗€(gè)躬，然后便開(kāi)始了出拳、劈掌、踢腿一系列動(dòng)作，時(shí)而摻雜著咯咯的笑聲、悄悄的低語(yǔ)和羞怯的笑容。

“Do not laugh!” Police Constable Renu, who like many Indians goes by one name, called from the stage above them, her white T-shirt emblazoned with “Respect Women” on the back.

“不許笑!”康斯特布爾·雷努(Constable Renu)警官在上方的舞臺(tái)上喊道，她和許多印度人一樣只有一個(gè)名，她的白色T恤背面印著“尊重女性”。

“Do you think they will laugh when they attack you?” she asked. “You must strike back with anger.”

“你們覺(jué)得他們?cè)诠裟愕臅r(shí)候會(huì)笑嗎?”她問(wèn)。“你必須憤怒回?fù)簟?rdquo;

The girls stifled their smiles, their fists pummeling the air faster, with more determination. This was their seventh self-defense class, and they were feeling confident enough, many of them said, to do the unthinkable: stand up for themselves.

女孩們止住了笑，更快地向空中出拳，更堅(jiān)定了。這是她們的第七節(jié)自我防衛(wèi)課，許多人說(shuō)，覺(jué)得自己更有自信去保衛(wèi)自己了——這在以前是難以想象的事。。

Constable Renu has been teaching this free, 10-day course hosted by the New Delhi police — a combination of karate, taekwondo and judo moves — for the past eight years in the city’s public schools and universities.

這個(gè)為期10天的免費(fèi)課程由新德里警察局主辦，它融合了空手道、跆拳道和柔道的動(dòng)作。在過(guò)去的八年里，康斯特布爾·雷努一直在公立學(xué)校和大學(xué)教授這門(mén)課程。

The initiative, with classes taught by several female officers, also includes summer and winter camps for women, and a course called “gender sensitization for boys,” a lawyer-led course that teaches men how to help women in trouble and how to be more respectful to them in public spaces. It’s about making them “feel responsible towards girls and women,” Constable Renu said.

這項(xiàng)由幾名女警官負(fù)責(zé)教授的課程計(jì)劃，還包括女子夏令營(yíng)和冬令營(yíng)，以及一個(gè)名叫“男子性別敏感”的課程。該課程由律師帶領(lǐng)，教導(dǎo)男性如何幫助有困難的女性，如何在公眾場(chǎng)合更加尊重女性。這讓他們“對(duì)姑娘們和女性更有責(zé)任感”，康斯特布爾·雷努說(shuō)。

Booked solid for the next six months, Constable Renu said she has never been busier, as anxiety among women and girls grows with a stream of news headlines describing brutal assaults across the country, including recent national outrage after an 8-year-old girl was kidnapped, gang raped and murdered.

包括最近引起了全國(guó)強(qiáng)烈抗議的八歲女孩被綁架、輪奸、殺害事件在內(nèi)，一連串新聞標(biāo)題說(shuō)的都是全國(guó)各地的殘忍侵犯，這加重了女性的焦慮。往后六個(gè)月的課程因此全被訂滿(mǎn)，康斯特布爾·雷努表示自己從未如此忙碌過(guò)。

Since a 23-year-old woman, Jyoti Pandey Singh, was beaten, gang raped and fatally injured while riding a bus in the capital in 2012, women here have been on edge. That attack prompted intense soul-searching and a fierce public debate about an issue that, though long pervasive, was seldom addressed. It also gave many women the courage to come forward and demand justice in such assaults, rather than suffer in silence, too ashamed to speak up.

自2012年，一名23歲的女性喬蒂·潘迪·辛格(Jyoti Pandey Singh)在印度首都乘坐公交時(shí)遭到毆打、輪奸和致命傷害之后，女性都十分緊張。那次襲擊促使人們對(duì)這個(gè)長(zhǎng)期存在，卻又很少提及的問(wèn)題展開(kāi)了深刻的反省和激烈的公開(kāi)討論。這也使女性在這樣的侵犯中，有了站出來(lái)要求正義的勇氣，而不只是沉默忍受、羞于發(fā)聲。

On a recent Tuesday morning, at the Navjeevan Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya school, widely known as NSKV, Constable Renu led about 180 girls, aged 11 to 17, through possible scenarios of men grabbing them from behind as they walked down the street, striking a blow to their heads or lunging for their necks. In each case, the girls responded with the moves they had been taught to deflect such attacks — grunting, kicking and punching in unison.

在最近一個(gè)周二的上午，康斯特布爾·雷努在NSKV(Navjeevan Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya)學(xué)校里帶領(lǐng)著大約180個(gè)年齡在11歲到17歲不等的女孩過(guò)了一遍可能發(fā)生的場(chǎng)景，比如當(dāng)她們走在街上時(shí)被男人從身后抓住，打了她們腦袋一拳，或是撲向她們的脖子。在每個(gè)場(chǎng)景中，女孩都會(huì)用之前學(xué)過(guò)的化解動(dòng)作進(jìn)行反擊——她們一齊低吼、踢腿、出拳。

“The first move we teach them in the class is how to make a full-throated cry for help when they are attacked,” Constable Renu said, explaining that the girls tend to be reserved, making it hard for them to make the ruckus needed to alert others that they are in distress.

康斯特布爾·雷努說(shuō)，“我們?cè)谡n堂上教她們的第一個(gè)動(dòng)作就是如何在被襲擊時(shí)高聲喊叫。”她解釋?zhuān)⒆油容^矜持，很難制造出足夠的動(dòng)靜，警告他人自己正處于危難之中。

“To be able to make such a sound is empowering in itself,” she said.

“能發(fā)出這樣的聲音本身已經(jīng)非常有力了，”她說(shuō)。

A newcomer to New Delhi, I have been struck by the caution I’ve been advised to exercise, and the grim warnings issued. A few weeks ago, I took my young son to a public park, watching as he gravitated to a young boy who was being tended to by his grandparents, visiting from Kolkata. They spoke about their frequent trips to the capital to visit their daughter and her children.

作為初來(lái)新德里的人，我震驚于那些讓我小心的建議和發(fā)布的嚴(yán)肅告誡。幾個(gè)星期前，我?guī)е业男鹤尤チ艘粋€(gè)公共公園，看著他走向了另一個(gè)由祖父母照看的小男孩。他的外祖父母是從加爾各答過(guò)來(lái)小住的。他們談到常常會(huì)來(lái)首都看望女兒和她的孩子。

“Thank god we have grandsons — Delhi is no place for a young girl,” the grandfather said, his wife nodding in agreement. The sentiment struck me not as sexist, but as one of genuine fear, as they listed their concerns and nightmare scenarios.

“感謝老天讓我們有的是外孫——德里不是年輕女孩能住的地方，”外祖父說(shuō)道，他的妻子點(diǎn)頭同意。這樣的觀點(diǎn)令我震驚，不是因?yàn)檫@是性別歧視，而是因?yàn)檫@是一種真正的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。他們細(xì)數(shù)了他們的憂(yōu)慮和噩夢(mèng)般的場(chǎng)景。

Back in the classroom, Mona Shamsher, a 16-year-old student, showed me her favorite move as she crouched into a sumo-squat, a two-fisted punch to the gut.

教室里，16歲的學(xué)生莫娜·沙姆謝爾(Mona Shamsher)給我展示了她最喜歡的動(dòng)作，她半蹲做出相撲式深蹲的姿勢(shì)，雙拳并用向腰腹出擊。

“I like it because it’s good for my height,” she said.

“我喜歡這個(gè)動(dòng)作，因?yàn)樗m合我的身高，”她說(shuō)。

“For an uppercut punch, I’d have to jump like this,” she chuckled, as her small frame, no more than 5 feet tall, leapt into the air to strike an imaginary attacker.

“要想打出上勾拳，我得這么跳，”她小聲笑道，她不超5英尺(約合1.52米)的小身板在空中跳了起來(lái)，向假想的襲擊者打去。

Since her older sister was assaulted while walking alone in their neighborhood last year, Mona said, she had not felt safe on the streets until this month, when her school offered the self-defense course.

莫娜說(shuō)，自從她的姐姐去年在附近一個(gè)人走路時(shí)受到了襲擊之后，她就不再覺(jué)得街道安全了，直到這個(gè)月她學(xué)習(xí)了學(xué)校提供的自我防衛(wèi)課程。