特朗普威脅對(duì)德國(guó)汽車制造商征稅

President Donald Trump’s planned steel and aluminium tariffs have shaken up the US political establishment, drawing unexpected support from some Democrats while earning criticism from Republicans.

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)征收鋼鋁關(guān)稅的計(jì)劃撼動(dòng)了美國(guó)的政治體制，一些民主黨人意外表態(tài)支持，而一些共和黨人提出批評(píng)。

Hours after Mr Trump described the tariffs as “my baby” at a Pennsylvania rally, referring to EU cars as “the big money item” when it came to tariffs, he was given a measure of support by Elizabeth Warren, the Democratic Senator for Massachusetts.

特朗普在賓夕法尼亞州的一個(gè)集會(huì)上將鋼鋁關(guān)稅形容為“我的寶貝”，并稱，就關(guān)稅而言，歐盟的汽車是“大錢(qián)項(xiàng)目”。幾小時(shí)后，他得到了馬薩諸塞州民主黨參議員伊麗莎白•沃倫(Elizabeth Warren)的有限度的支持。

But Jeff Flake, a Republican senator from Arizona, said he planned to introduce legislation that would nullify Mr Trump’s planned tariffs, adding that Congress had used similar authority in the 1970s to block President Jimmy Carter’s tariffs on oil.

但是，亞利桑那州共和黨參議員杰夫•弗萊克(Jeff Flake)表示，他計(jì)劃提交使特朗普的關(guān)稅計(jì)劃無(wú)效的法案，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，國(guó)會(huì)在20世紀(jì)70年代曾使用類似的權(quán)力來(lái)阻止吉米•卡特(Jimmy Carter)總統(tǒng)的石油關(guān)稅。

The EU has warned it could impose penalties on some €2.8bn of imported US goods, ranging from motorcycles to peanut butter, if the US follows through with imposing the tariffs on European steel and aluminium.

歐盟警告稱，如果美國(guó)真的對(duì)歐洲的鋼鐵和鋁征收關(guān)稅，它可能會(huì)對(duì)大約28億歐元的進(jìn)口美國(guó)商品(從摩托車到花生醬)實(shí)施報(bào)復(fù)。

“All these countries are calling up [and saying] ‘we don’t want the tariffs. What do we have to do?’” Mr Trump said scornfully at the Pennsylvania campaign rally on Saturday, ahead of an election for a seat in the House of Representatives. “A lot of us come from the European Union . . . Sounds nice. They kill us on trade . . . They have trade barriers. We can’t even sell our farming goods in there. They totally restrict us.” “這些國(guó)家都打電話來(lái)，說(shuō)‘我們不想要關(guān)稅。我們?cè)撟鲂┦裁?’”特朗普上周六在賓夕法尼亞州的集會(huì)上輕蔑地表示;這個(gè)競(jìng)選集會(huì)是為一個(gè)眾議院席位的補(bǔ)選而舉行的。“我們當(dāng)中有很多人來(lái)自歐盟……聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。他們?cè)谫Q(mào)易上要我們的命……他們有貿(mào)易壁壘。我們甚至不能在那里出售我們的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。他們完全限制我們。”

Mr Trump continued: “They say: we want those tariffs taken off. I say: ‘Good. Open up the barriers and get rid of your tariffs and if you don’t do that we’re going to tax Mercedes-Benz. We’re going to tax BMW. You wanna have money come into our country?”

特朗普繼續(xù)說(shuō)：“他們說(shuō)：我們希望那些關(guān)稅被消除。我說(shuō)：‘好啊。那就打開(kāi)壁壘，消除你們的關(guān)稅;如果你們不這樣做，我們將對(duì)梅賽德斯-奔馳(Mercedes-Benz)征稅。我們將對(duì)寶馬(BMW)征稅。你們想要送錢(qián)給我們國(guó)家嗎?”

Behind the scenes, EU representatives have been furiously working to push for exemptions to the tariffs, and have said they would continue their discussions next week. On Saturday, top EU and Japanese trade officials met their US counterparts in a discussion that was originally intended as a forum to discuss a joint approach to dealing with China, but evolved into a discussion about trade. The meeting failed to provide clarity on how countries can apply for carve-outs.

在幕后，歐盟代表在瘋狂地努力推動(dòng)豁免關(guān)稅，并表示他們將在下周繼續(xù)討論。上周六，歐盟和日本的高級(jí)貿(mào)易官員會(huì)晤了美國(guó)同行，這個(gè)會(huì)議本來(lái)是要討論聯(lián)合對(duì)付中國(guó)的方式，但結(jié)果演變成了對(duì)彼此間貿(mào)易的討論。會(huì)議未能澄清各國(guó)如何申請(qǐng)例外對(duì)待的問(wèn)題。

On Sunday, BMW and Daimler, Mercedes-Benz’s parent company, declined to comment. 寶馬以及梅賽德斯-奔馳的母公司戴姆勒(Daimler)周日拒絕發(fā)表評(píng)論。

Bernhard Mattes, president of the German Association of the Automotive Industry, suggested that a retaliatory strike by Mr Trump against German carmakers would be unwise.

德國(guó)汽車工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)(Bernhard Mattes)主席伯恩哈德•馬特斯(Bernhard Mattes)提出，特朗普對(duì)德國(guó)汽車制造商進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)性打擊將是不明智的。

“The US president should consider that the mentioned German carmakers make a significant contribution to the US’s automotive trade balance . . . German carmakers employ 36,500 people in the US, plus 80,000 jobs at German suppliers,” he said.

“美國(guó)總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該考慮到，上述德國(guó)汽車制造商對(duì)美國(guó)的汽車貿(mào)易平衡做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)……德國(guó)汽車制造商在美國(guó)雇用3.65萬(wàn)人，再加上德國(guó)供應(yīng)商給美國(guó)帶來(lái)的8萬(wàn)工作崗位，”他表示。

“If the tariffs should really hit Europe, we will have countermeasures,” Margrethe Vestager, the European Commissioner for Competition, told Bild am Sonntag. “We will not stand idle if somebody puts free global trade at risk.”

“如果這些關(guān)稅真的打擊歐洲，我們會(huì)采取反制措施，”歐盟競(jìng)爭(zhēng)事務(wù)專員瑪格麗特•維斯特格(Margrethe Vestager)告訴《周日?qǐng)D片報(bào)》(Bild am Sonntag)。“如果有人把全球自由貿(mào)易置于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之中，我們不會(huì)袖手旁觀。”

Additional reporting by Jim Brunsden in Brussels and Shawn Donnan in Austin, Texas

吉姆•布倫斯登(Jim Brunsden)布魯塞爾和肖恩•唐南(Shawn Donnan)得克薩斯州奧斯汀補(bǔ)充報(bào)道