美國(guó)欲借溫哥華外長(zhǎng)會(huì)議加大對(duì)朝施壓

The US wants to boost its “maximum pressure” campaign against North Korea at an international meeting on Tuesday despite not inviting China and Russia, which have denigrated the “cold war thinking” behind the gathering.

盡管沒有邀請(qǐng)中國(guó)和俄羅斯參加，但美國(guó)希望在本周二的一次國(guó)際會(huì)議上加強(qiáng)其對(duì)朝鮮施加“最大壓力”的行動(dòng)。中國(guó)和俄羅斯詆毀該會(huì)議背后存在“冷戰(zhàn)思維”。

Senior US officials want the Vancouver gathering of 20 foreign ministers, which the US is hosting jointly with Canada, to support a port-entry ban on vessels that break international sanctions by trading oil with North Korea. The US has previously failed to name publicly sanction-breaking vessels through the UN Security Council.

這次會(huì)議將由美國(guó)與加拿大聯(lián)合主持，有20個(gè)國(guó)家的外長(zhǎng)參加。美國(guó)高級(jí)官員希望這次溫哥華會(huì)議支持對(duì)違反國(guó)際制裁與朝鮮交易石油的船只實(shí)施一項(xiàng)入港禁令。此前，美國(guó)未能通過聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)(UN Security Council)公開列出違反制裁的船只名單。

“We need to drive up the consequences for any vessels that are engaging in this kind of activity,” said Brian Hook, director of policy planning at the US state department. He said the meeting would assess gaps in the US-led campaign that is seeking to squeeze Pyongyang into reversing its nuclear weapons programme.

“我們需要讓一切參與這類活動(dòng)的船只承受更嚴(yán)重的后果，”美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院政策規(guī)劃司司長(zhǎng)布賴恩•胡克(Brian Hook)說。他說，美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這場(chǎng)行動(dòng)旨在對(duì)朝強(qiáng)力施壓以逆轉(zhuǎn)其核武計(jì)劃，此次會(huì)議將評(píng)估行動(dòng)還存在哪些缺漏。

The initiatives, which won unprecedented backing from China and Russia at the UN, have deprived Pyongyang of 90 per cent of its exports. But officials are concerned that implementation is insufficient and want to spotlight sanctions-busting by Chinese companies and improve border policing.

相關(guān)行動(dòng)舉措在聯(lián)合國(guó)(UN)得到中國(guó)與俄羅斯前所未有的支持，讓朝鮮損失了90%的出口。但官員們擔(dān)心執(zhí)行不夠充分，想讓中國(guó)企業(yè)違反制裁的行為暴露在聚光燈下，并改善邊境管控。

“We think that will demonstrate seriousness of purpose if we can start having more of these vessels listed so that they can be banned from entering other ports,” said Mr Hook.

“我們認(rèn)為，如果我們能開始更多地把這類船只列出來、以便禁止它們進(jìn)入其他港口的話，那將彰顯行動(dòng)目的的嚴(yán)肅性，”胡克說。

The absence of China and Russia from the Vancouver meeting threatens Washington’s efforts to stitch together a global coalition of countries to take action against Pyongyang, whose economy overwhelmingly relies on America’s chief adversaries.

中國(guó)和俄羅斯缺席溫哥華會(huì)議，可能會(huì)削弱華盛頓方面構(gòu)建一個(gè)全球國(guó)家聯(lián)盟、共同對(duì)朝采取行動(dòng)的努力。在經(jīng)濟(jì)上，朝鮮十分依賴美國(guó)的這兩大主要對(duì)手。

Lu Kang, a representative for China’s foreign ministry, said that the meeting would not help to resolve tensions on the Korean peninsula because not all of the main parties would be there.

中國(guó)外交部發(fā)言人陸慷表示，會(huì)議將無助于化解朝鮮半島的緊張局勢(shì)，因?yàn)椴⒎撬兄饕嚓P(guān)方都將參加會(huì)議。

Maria Zakharova, a Russian foreign ministry spokesperson, said: “We can only consider this idea as a revival of the Cold War approach and mentality, which is particularly inappropriate in light of the newly emerging trends towards a dialogue between the North and the South.”

俄羅斯外交部發(fā)言人瑪麗亞•扎哈羅娃(Maria Zakharova)說：“我們只能把這個(gè)想法視為冷戰(zhàn)手段與心理的復(fù)活，在朝鮮半島南北雙方最近出現(xiàn)對(duì)話趨勢(shì)之際，這尤其顯得不合時(shí)宜。”

The Trump administration has tentatively backed the prospect of military talks between the Korean neighbours, spurred by a Pyongyang’s effort to secure representation at the Winter Olympics that Seoul will host next month.

特朗普政府對(duì)朝韓舉行軍事會(huì)談的可能性給予了初步支持。朝鮮希望參加下月將在韓國(guó)舉行的冬奧會(huì)，刺激了會(huì)談的可能性。

But former US officials say the administration needs to be wary of any change in relations that might drive a wedge between Washington and Seoul, deliver Pyongyang concessions or endorse China and Russia’s preferred “freeze for freeze” approach.

但是一些美國(guó)前官員表示，特朗普政府需要提防某些可能離間美韓關(guān)系、對(duì)平壤方面作出讓步、或者支持中俄首選的“雙凍結(jié)”方案的關(guān)系變化。

That approach would see Pyongyang give up testing its accelerating nuclear weapons programme in exchange for a moratorium on large-scale joint military exercises by Washington and allies.

“雙凍結(jié)”即讓平壤方面放棄試驗(yàn)正在加速進(jìn)行的核武器項(xiàng)目，以換取美國(guó)及其盟友暫停大規(guī)模聯(lián)合軍事演習(xí)。

The US has already postponed spring exercises in response to a request from Seoul to safeguard the Olympics.

美國(guó)已經(jīng)推遲了原定于春天舉行的軍演，以此回應(yīng)首爾方面確保冬奧會(huì)順利舉辦的請(qǐng)求。

US and Canadian officials say the Vancouver meeting’s eclectic guest list, which will include foreign ministers from Greece, Turkey, the Philippines and Thailand, reflects allied nations that sent troops in support of the UN coalition on South Korea’s side during the 1950-1953 Korean war.

美國(guó)和加拿大官員表示，溫哥華會(huì)議并非一邊倒的與會(huì)者名單(將包括希臘、土耳其、菲律賓和泰國(guó)的外交部長(zhǎng))，讓人想起1950-53年朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間曾出兵支持站在韓國(guó)一方的聯(lián)合國(guó)軍的同盟國(guó)家。

Mr Hook said the US had been “in touch” with China and Russia regarding the meeting and would provide “a readout” afterwards. Although officials considered inviting the countries to participate in side meetings, the host countries ultimately rejected the arrangement.

胡克表示，美國(guó)已經(jīng)就此次會(huì)議“接觸”了中方和俄方，并且將在之后提供“解說”。盡管一些官員考慮過邀請(qǐng)中俄兩國(guó)參加場(chǎng)邊會(huì)議，但主辦國(guó)最終否決了這種安排。

Amy Mills, a spokeswoman for Global Affairs Canada said: “Canada has repeatedly engaged with and updated China on the Vancouver Ministerial Meeting.”

加拿大全球事務(wù)部發(fā)言人埃米•米爾斯(Amy Mills)表示：“加拿大就溫哥華部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議多次與中方接觸并通報(bào)最新信息。”

Chinese analysts say the meeting sends the wrong message through its evocation of the Korean war, still an emotional issue for Beijing, which says it lost 180,000 troops in the conflict though unofficial estimates are much higher.

中國(guó)分析人士表示，此次會(huì)議傳遞出了錯(cuò)誤信息，令人想起朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)北京方面而言仍是一個(gè)易引起強(qiáng)烈情緒的問題，中國(guó)稱其在那場(chǎng)沖突中損失了18萬士兵，盡管非官方估計(jì)數(shù)字遠(yuǎn)高于此。

US secretary of defence Jim Mattis will participate in the gathering’s welcome dinner on Monday.

美國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)吉姆•馬蒂斯(Jim Mattis)將于周一參加此次會(huì)議的歡迎晚宴。

"I believe the US wants to avoid discussing any proposal short of demanding North Korea’s clear commitment to complete de-nuclearisation — including the Chinese dual suspension proposal,” said Tong Zhao at the Tsinghua Carnegie Centre in Beijing.

“我認(rèn)為美國(guó)希望避免討論任何不要求朝鮮明確承諾完全去核的提議——包括中國(guó)提出的雙暫停方案，”位于北京的清華-卡內(nèi)基全球政策中心(Tsinghua Carnegie Centre)的趙通表示。