伊朗前總統(tǒng)拉夫桑賈尼逝世,享年82歲

Ayatollah Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ex-Presidentof Iran, Dies at 82

伊朗前總統(tǒng)拉夫桑賈尼逝世，享年82歲

Ayatollah Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, a formerpresident of Iran and a founder of the IslamicRepublic, who navigated the opaque shoals of hiscountry’s theocracy as one of its most enduringand wealthiest leaders, died Sunday in Tehran. Hewas 82.

伊朗前總統(tǒng)、這個(gè)伊斯蘭共和國(guó)開國(guó)元?jiǎng)装唸D拉阿里·阿克巴爾·哈什米·拉夫桑賈尼(Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani)周日在德黑蘭去世，享年82歲。作為伊朗影響力最持久、最富有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一，他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該國(guó)度過(guò)了神權(quán)政治的諸多險(xiǎn)灘。

His death was announced by Iran’s state television.

伊朗官方電視臺(tái)宣布了他離世的消息。

As his career seesawed through periods of revolutionary zeal and confrontation withpowerful conservative rivals, he was portrayed as a Machiavellian and often ruthless player inthe power struggles among Iran’s elite factions, protected by his close association withAyatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the revolutionary leader who overthrew the shah in 1979.

他的職業(yè)生涯隨著革命熱情的不同時(shí)期和強(qiáng)大保守派對(duì)手的挑戰(zhàn)而起伏不定。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，他被描繪成伊朗精英派中一個(gè)在權(quán)力斗爭(zhēng)上不擇手段，而且往往冷酷無(wú)情的角色。他因?yàn)榕c1979年推翻伊朗國(guó)王的革命領(lǐng)袖阿亞圖拉魯霍拉·霍梅尼(Ruhollah Khomeini)關(guān)系密切，而受到保護(hù)。

Known as a pragmatist and centrist inclined toward economic liberalism and politicalauthoritarianism, Rafsanjani was accused by critics of corruption in amassing his fortune andof a readiness for harsh tactics to deal with dissent.

拉夫桑賈尼被認(rèn)為是一名實(shí)用主義者和中間派，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上傾向自由主義，在政治上傾向威權(quán)主義。批評(píng)人士指控他腐敗，積聚大量財(cái)富，對(duì)待異見(jiàn)者經(jīng)常采取嚴(yán)酷手段。

Argentina has accused Rafsanjani and other senior Iranian figures of complicity in the 1994bombing of a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, in which 85 people died. In 1997, aGerman court concluded that the highest levels of Iran’s political leadership had ordered thekilling five years earlier of four exiled Iranian Kurdish dissidents in Berlin. Rafsanjani waspresident from 1989 to 1997.

阿根廷指控拉夫桑賈尼及其他伊朗高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是1994年布宜諾斯艾利斯一個(gè)猶太人社區(qū)中心爆炸案的幕后主使，那起事件導(dǎo)致85人喪生。1997年，一座德國(guó)法院得出結(jié)論，稱伊朗最高政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層在五年前下令殺害了五名流亡柏林的伊朗庫(kù)爾德異見(jiàn)者。拉夫桑賈尼于1989年至1997年間擔(dān)任伊朗總統(tǒng)。

Yet many Western analysts believed that he sought a less confrontational relationship withthe United States than other powerful figures in the Iranian hierarchy. Rafsanjani, for instance,was credited with suggesting that “Death to America” be dropped from the litany of slogans atTehran’s Friday prayers.

但是，許多西方分析人士認(rèn)為，相比伊朗統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)的其他權(quán)勢(shì)人物，他尋求與美國(guó)達(dá)成少一些對(duì)抗的關(guān)系。比如，外界認(rèn)為是拉夫桑賈尼提議將“美國(guó)滅亡”的口號(hào)從德黑蘭周五的祈禱文中去除。

In the closing stages of the Iran-Iraq war, which lasted from 1980 to 1988, Rafsanjani wasappointed acting commander in chief of Iranian forces and was widely credited with persuadingthe leadership in Tehran to accept a U.N. resolution that ended the fighting.

在1980年至1988年進(jìn)行的兩伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后階段，拉夫桑賈尼被任命為伊朗部隊(duì)代理總司令。外界普遍認(rèn)為，是他勸說(shuō)德黑蘭領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層接受了聯(lián)合國(guó)一項(xiàng)結(jié)束戰(zhàn)斗的決議。

For much of his career, he maintained roles in parliament and on influential clerical panels.

在職業(yè)生涯的大部分時(shí)間里，他一直在議會(huì)和有影響力的神職人員專家會(huì)議里擔(dān)任職位。

Rafsanjani’s clout declined sharply during the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, from2005 to 2013. A populist conservative, Ahmadinejad had a strong following among poorIranians, many of whom resented the affluence that endeared Rafsanjani to his wealthiercompatriots.

在馬哈茂德·艾哈邁迪-內(nèi)賈德(Mahmoud Ahmadinejad)于2005年至2013年擔(dān)任伊朗總統(tǒng)期間，拉夫桑賈尼的影響力急劇下降。作為一名民粹主義保守派，艾哈邁迪-內(nèi)賈德在伊朗窮人中有很強(qiáng)的號(hào)召力，其中不少人憎恨財(cái)富，但恰恰是財(cái)富讓拉夫桑賈尼深受他那些有錢同胞的喜愛(ài)。

In 2013, Rafsanjani was disqualified from standing in presidential elections and swung hispolitical weight behind a moderate, longtime associate, Hassan Rouhani, who won the voteand went on to bring many of Rafsanjani’s supporters into his Cabinet and to negotiate thenuclear agreement with the United States in 2015.

2013年，拉夫桑賈尼被取消了總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選資格，他將自己的政治影響力轉(zhuǎn)移到老朋友、溫和派的哈桑·魯哈尼(Hassan Rouhani)身上，后者贏得了大選，繼而將拉夫桑賈尼的許多支持者召入自己的內(nèi)閣，并在2015年與美國(guó)達(dá)成了核協(xié)議。