俄羅斯首次承認系統(tǒng)性使用禁藥，否認政府涉事

MOSCOW — Russia is for the first time conceding that its officials carried out one of the biggest conspiracies in sports history: a far-reaching doping operation that implicated scores of Russian athletes, tainting not just the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi but also the entire Olympic movement.

莫斯科――俄羅斯首次承認，該國官員實施了體育史上最大的陰謀之一：一次范圍極廣的興奮劑運作，涉及大量俄羅斯運動員，不僅玷污了2014年索契冬季奧運會，也令整個奧林匹克運動蒙羞。

Over several days of interviews here with The New York Times, the Russian officials said they no longer disputed a damning set of facts that detailed a doping program with few, if any, historical precedents.

在接受《紐約時報》為時數(shù)天的訪談時，俄羅斯官員們說，他們不再對一系列令人沮喪的事實表示異議，這些事實詳細說明了一項少有先例，甚至是絕無先例的興奮劑使用計劃。

“It was an institutional conspiracy,” Anna Antseliovich, the acting director general of Russia’s national antidoping agency, said of years’ worth of cheating schemes.

“這是一次有組織的陰謀，”俄羅斯國家反興奮劑機構(gòu)代理總干事安娜·安采里奧維奇(Anna Antseliovich)談及這樁歷時多年的作弊計劃時說。

A lab director tampered with urine samples at the Olympics and provided cocktails of performance-enhancing drugs, corrupting some of the world’s most prestigious competitions. Members of the Federal Security Service, a successor to the K.G.B., broke into sample bottles holding urine. And a deputy sports minister for years ordered cover-ups of top athletes’ use of banned substances.

一個實驗室主任在奧運會上篡改了尿樣，提供了能夠提高運動成績的雞尾酒式藥物，破壞了世界上最負盛名的若干賽事。俄羅斯的聯(lián)邦安全局是克格勃(KGB)的后繼者，其特工曾偷換裝著尿液的樣品瓶。此外，一位體育部副部長多年下令掩蓋頂級運動員使用禁藥的事實。

Russian sports officials had vehemently denied the doping operation’s existence despite a detailed confession by the nation’s former antidoping lab chief, Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, in a New York Times article last May that was subsequently confirmed by global antidoping regulators.

俄羅斯體育官員曾強烈否認興奮劑運作的存在，盡管在去年5月《紐約時報》的一篇文章中，俄羅斯國家反興奮劑實驗室前負責(zé)人格里戈里·羅琴科夫(Grigory Rodchenkov)博士對此作了詳細的供認，隨后若干全球反興奮劑監(jiān)管機構(gòu)確認了他的說法。

An investigator appointed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, Richard McLaren, published more extensive evidence this month that prompted the International Olympic Committee to open disciplinary proceedings against dozens of additional Russian athletes.

世界反興奮劑機構(gòu)任命的調(diào)查員理查德·麥克拉倫(Richard McLaren)本月發(fā)表了更多的廣泛證據(jù)，促使國際奧林匹克委員會對其他數(shù)十名俄羅斯運動員展開紀律審查程序。

The drastic shift in tone may be motivated by Russia’s desire to reconcile with the regulators, who have stipulated that the nation accept the findings of the recent investigation before the country is recertified to conduct drug testing and be a host again of Olympic competitions.

俄羅斯在態(tài)度上的劇變可能是由于該國想與監(jiān)管機構(gòu)和解，這些監(jiān)管機構(gòu)要求俄羅斯接受近期調(diào)查的結(jié)果，然后重新取得禁藥檢測認證，才可以再次成為奧運賽事主辦國的競爭者。

The officials, however, continue to reject the accusation that the doping program was state-sponsored. They define the Russian state as President Vladimir V. Putin and his closest associates.

然而，官員們繼續(xù)否認該國的興奮劑計劃背后有國家贊助這一指責(zé)。他們所說的“國家”是指弗拉基米爾·V·普京(Vladimir V. Putin)總統(tǒng)和他最親密的伙伴們。

Ms. Antseliovich, who has not been directly implicated in the investigations, said she was shocked by the revelations. She and others emphasized that the government’s top officials were not involved.

沒有直接參與調(diào)查的安采里奧維奇說，這些事實的披露令她感到震驚。她和其他人強調(diào)，政府的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)沒有參與其中。

“I don’t want to speak for the people responsible,” said Vitaly Smirnov, 81, a top sports official whose career dates back to the Soviet era and who was appointed this year by Mr. Putin to reform the nation’s antidoping system. Mr. Smirnov said he had not met most of the individuals implicated in a report by Mr. McLaren — emphasizing that they had been dismissed as a result — nor did he know where they were.

“我不想為那些該為此事負責(zé)的人辯護，”81歲的高級體育官員維塔利·斯米爾諾夫(Vitaly Smirnov)說，他的職業(yè)生涯可追溯到蘇聯(lián)時代。他于今年接受普京任命，改革國家的反興奮劑系統(tǒng)。斯米爾諾夫說，他沒有見過麥克拉倫報告中涉及的大多數(shù)人，也不知道他們在哪里，并強調(diào)因為該報告，他們已遭解雇。

“From my point of view, as a former minister of sport, president of Olympic committee — we made a lot of mistakes,” he said, echoing Mr. Putin’s broad denials of a state-sponsored system and noting that he would defer to the global governing bodies of each sport to rule on the evidence.

“作為前體育部部長與奧林匹克委員會主席，從我的角度來看，我們犯了很多錯誤，”他的話呼應(yīng)了普京對于國家系統(tǒng)性贊助的斷然否認，他指出，他會尊重每項運動的全球理事機構(gòu)對證據(jù)的裁決。

The 2014 Olympics in Sochi were a pet project for Mr. Putin, who was closely involved in politicking and preparing for them. Proud references to the Sochi Games overwhelm the Russian Olympic Committee’s offices along the Moscow River, including a nesting doll standing roughly six feet tall in the building’s lobby signed by Russian Olympians.

2014年的索契奧運會是普京引以為傲的項目，他密切參與了相關(guān)的政治活動與籌備活動。俄羅斯奧林匹克委員會位于莫斯科河畔的辦公室里到處都是索契奧運會的驕傲證明，包括一個大約六英尺(約合1.8米)高的俄羅斯套娃，矗立在奧委會大廈的大廳里，上面布滿了俄羅斯奧林匹克運動員們的簽名。

Many of the athletes whose pictures decorate the Olympic committee’s offices have been implicated in this year’s doping scandal, with scores formally disciplined and more than 650 others now accused. One photo shows Russians kissing medals and another shows Paralympians in wheelchairs holding victory bouquets above their heads.

奧林匹克委員會的辦公室里裝點著運動員們的照片，其中許多人都涉及今年的興奮劑丑聞，幾十人遭到紀律懲戒，此外超過650人目前正被指控。一張照片上，幾個俄國人正在親吻獎牌，另一張照片上，殘奧會運動員們坐在輪椅上，把勝利花束舉過頭頂。

“We have to find those reasons why young sportsmen are taking doping, why they agree to be doped,” Mr. Smirnov said, expressing eagerness to move forward rather than assign responsibility for previous violations.

“我們必須找到年輕運動員使用興奮劑的原因，為什么他們同意接受興奮劑，”斯米爾諾夫說，他表示出了對不斷前進的熱烈愿望，而不是為以前的違法行為劃分責(zé)任。

But even as he and other officials signaled their acceptance of the fundamental findings of Mr. McLaren’s investigation, they were largely unconciliatory, suggesting that cheating to benefit Russia had served to offset what they perceived as preferential treatment for Western nations by global sports authorities.

但是，即使他和其他官員表示接受麥克拉倫調(diào)查的根本結(jié)論，他們在很大程度上仍然未被說服，認為在他們心目中，有利于俄羅斯的作弊行為只是抵消了全球體育權(quán)威機構(gòu)對西方國家的優(yōu)惠待遇。

“Have you seen the Fancy Bear records?” Mr. Smirnov said, invoking medical records hacked by a cyberespionage group believed to be associated with G.R.U., the Russian military intelligence agency suspected of hacking computers at the Democratic National Committee. The medical records revealed that hundreds of Western athletes had been given special medical permission to take banned drugs for legitimate therapeutic reasons.

“你看過漂亮小熊(Fancy Bear)檔案嗎?”斯米爾諾夫說，他指的是一些被網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊組織以黑客方式竊取的醫(yī)療記錄，該組織被認為同俄羅斯軍事情報機構(gòu)GRU有聯(lián)系，GRU則被懷疑對民主黨全國委員會的電腦進行了黑客攻擊。這些醫(yī)療記錄顯示，數(shù)百名西方運動員因合理的治療原因獲得服用違禁藥物的特別醫(yī)療許可。

“Russia never had the opportunities that were given to other countries,” Mr. Smirnov said.

“俄羅斯從沒有像其他國家那樣得到這些機會，”斯米爾諾夫說。

“The general feeling in Russia is that we didn’t have a chance,” he added, acknowledging that anabolic steroids like those taken by Russian athletes have never been deemed medically excusable by regulators.

“俄羅斯的總體感覺是我們沒有得到機會，”他補充說，并承認俄羅斯運動員使用的合成代謝類固醇從未被監(jiān)管者視為有醫(yī)學(xué)理由可被允許使用的藥物。

The supposedly tamper-proof bottles that held Russian athletes’ doping samples in Sochi were manipulated — enabling officials to switch out their steroid-laced urine. Mr. Smirnov and his advisers suggested that the same thing had happened at other Olympics.

盛放索契奧運會上俄羅斯運動員興奮劑檢測樣品的瓶子本應(yīng)是防篡改的，但卻被動了手腳，使得俄羅斯官員可以把這些運動員含類固醇的尿液替換掉。斯米爾諾夫先生及其顧問們認為，在其他奧運會上也發(fā)生過同樣的事情。

“It’s lucky that the WADA had Rodchenkov,” said Victor Berezov, a lawyer for Russia’s Olympic Committee. “Maybe in China, London and everywhere — maybe the same things could happen. Because the system is broken.”

“世界反興奮劑機構(gòu)(WADA)得到羅琴科夫真是幸運，”俄羅斯奧林匹克委員會的律師維克托·貝雷佐夫(Victor Berezov)說，“也許在中國、倫敦和所有地方——同樣的事情也可能發(fā)生。因為整個系統(tǒng)都崩壞了。”

Now, as Russia’s global track-and-field athletes remain barred from competition and its drug-testing operations decertified, Mr. Smirnov and a team of about two dozen people are focused on overhauling Russia’s antidoping system to satisfy global authorities. The group, selected over the summer, includes Russian politicians, Olympians, business people and even a celebrated pianist.

現(xiàn)在，由于俄羅斯田徑運動員仍在全球遭到禁賽，且其藥物測試機構(gòu)被取消認證，斯米爾諾夫和一個大約20多人的團隊專注于徹底修復(fù)俄羅斯的反興奮劑系統(tǒng)，以滿足全球權(quán)威機構(gòu)的要求。這個小組的人選是在今年夏天決定的，其中包括俄羅斯政治家、奧運會運動員、商界人士，甚至還有一位著名鋼琴家。