科學(xué)家：哺乳動(dòng)物已實(shí)現(xiàn)“逆生長(zhǎng)” 十年內(nèi)將進(jìn)行人體試驗(yàn)

返老還童是人類(lèi)永恒的夢(mèng)想，如今科學(xué)家已經(jīng)向這一夢(mèng)想邁進(jìn)了一步，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了老鼠的“逆生長(zhǎng)”。科學(xué)家表示，進(jìn)行人體試驗(yàn)大概需要10年的時(shí)間。也就是說(shuō)，十年以后，人類(lèi)也將有望實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的“逆生長(zhǎng)”。

 

 

An end to grey hair and crows-feet could be just 10 years away after scientists showed it is possible to reverse ageing in animals.

科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物的衰老過(guò)程有可能逆轉(zhuǎn)。從此以后，可能僅需10年，人類(lèi)就可以告別白發(fā)叢生，滿(mǎn)臉皺紋的命運(yùn)。

Using a new technique which takes adult cells back to their embryonic form, US researchers at the Salk Institute in California, showed it was possible to reverse ageing in mice, allowing the animals to not only look younger, but live for 30 percent longer.

加利福尼亞索爾克研究所的美國(guó)研究員利用一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)讓成年鼠細(xì)胞重新回到胚胎狀態(tài)，向人們展示，在老鼠身上可以實(shí)現(xiàn)逆生長(zhǎng)，不僅能讓老鼠看上去更年輕，而且還能使其壽命延長(zhǎng)30%。

 

 

The technique involves stimulating four genes which are particularly active during development in the womb. It was also found to work to turn the clock back on human skin cells in the lab, making them look and behave younger.

該技術(shù)會(huì)刺激在子宮內(nèi)發(fā)育階段特別活躍的四種基因。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)該技術(shù)可以讓人類(lèi)的皮膚細(xì)胞逆齡生長(zhǎng)，讓皮膚細(xì)胞的狀態(tài)更年輕。

Scientists hope to eventually create a drug which can mimic the effect of the found genes which could be taken to slow down, and even reverse the ageing process. They say it will take around 10 years to get to human trials.

科學(xué)家們希望最終可以發(fā)明與這四種基因具有相同效用的藥，減緩細(xì)胞衰老，甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老的過(guò)程。他們表示，進(jìn)行人體試驗(yàn)大概需要10年的時(shí)間。

"Our study shows that ageing may not have to proceed in one single direction," said Dr Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory. "With careful modulation, aging might be reversed."

“我們的研究表明，衰老不一定是一個(gè)單向的過(guò)程，”索爾克基因表現(xiàn)試驗(yàn)室的專(zhuān)家胡安•卡洛斯•貝爾蒙特博士說(shuō)道，“通過(guò)小心謹(jǐn)慎的調(diào)節(jié)，衰老的過(guò)程可能逆轉(zhuǎn)。”

"Obviously, mice are not humans and we know it will be much more complex to rejuvenate a person. But this study shows that ageing is a very dynamic and plastic process, and therefore will be more amenable to therapeutic interventions than what we previously thought."

“顯然，老鼠與人類(lèi)不同，我們知道讓一個(gè)人重返年輕要復(fù)雜得多。但是該研究表明衰老是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)性和可塑性極強(qiáng)的過(guò)程，因此要比我們之前認(rèn)為的更加經(jīng)受得住醫(yī)療的干預(yù)。”

 

 

Scientists have known for some time that the four genes, which are known collectively as the Yamanaka factors, could turn adult cells back to their stem cell state, where they can grow into any part of the body.

科學(xué)家們對(duì)這四種基因的了解已有多時(shí)，它們被集體稱(chēng)為山中因子，可以讓成人細(xì)胞重新回到干細(xì)胞的狀態(tài)，在這種狀態(tài)下，可以分化形成人體的任何部位。

But it was always feared that allowing that to happen could damage organs made from the cells, and even trigger cancer.

但一直令人擔(dān)心的是，這樣做可能會(huì)損害由這些細(xì)胞組成的器官，甚至?xí)l(fā)癌癥。

However, it was discovered that stimulating the genes intermittently reversed ageing, without causing any damaging side effects.

然而研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，間歇性地刺激這四種基因，逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老過(guò)程，并不會(huì)引起任何破壞性的副作用。

In mice with a premature ageing disease, the treatment countered signs of ageing and increased their lifespan by 30 percent. If it worked similarly in humans it could allow people to live until more than 100 years old. In healthy mice it also helped damaged organs to heal faster.

對(duì)患有早衰疾病的老鼠進(jìn)行的治療消除了衰老的跡象，并將它們的壽命延長(zhǎng)了30%。如果在人類(lèi)身上也會(huì)產(chǎn)生類(lèi)似的效果，人們就可能會(huì)活到100歲以上。在健康的老鼠身上進(jìn)行治療有利于較快治愈損壞的器官。

"In other studies scientists have completely reprogrammed cells all the way back to a stem-cell-like state," says co-first author Pradeep Reddy, also a Salk research associate.

“在其他研究中，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)對(duì)細(xì)胞進(jìn)行了完全重組，讓成人細(xì)胞重回類(lèi)似干細(xì)胞的狀態(tài)。”共同第一作者兼索爾克助理研究員普拉迪普•雷迪如是說(shuō)。

"But we show, for the first time, that by expressing these factors for a short duration you can maintain the cell's identity while reversing age-associated hallmarks."

“但我們首次展示了，通過(guò)短時(shí)間地重組這些因素，你可以既保持細(xì)胞的身份，也能逆轉(zhuǎn)與衰老相關(guān)的印記。”

The breakthrough could also help people stay healthier for longer. The ageing population means that the risk of developing age-related diseases, such as dementia, cancer and heart disease also rises. But if the body could be kept younger for longer then it could prevent many deadly diseases for decades.

這一突破可能會(huì)有助于人們更加健康，活得更久。人在衰老的同時(shí)，患癡呆癥、癌癥和心臟病等老年疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)增高。但是如果身體可以持久地保持年輕狀態(tài)，人們就可能幾十年內(nèi)不得致命性的疾病。