菲律賓國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)：不做中國(guó)的附庸

The Philippines is rearming itself and strengthening defence ties with its east Asian neighbours amid a security upheaval triggered by superpower rivalries in a region crucial to world trade.

菲律賓將重新武裝自己并加強(qiáng)與東亞鄰國(guó)的防務(wù)合作。此際，超級(jí)大國(guó)在該地區(qū)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)正在引發(fā)安全動(dòng)蕩。該地區(qū)對(duì)于全球貿(mào)易至關(guān)重要。

Delfin Lorenzana, Philippine secretary of national defence, said Manila wanted to reduce its military dependence on the US but would not become a Chinese client state despite President Rodrigo Duterte’s courting of Beijing.

菲律賓國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)德芬•洛倫扎納(Delfin Lorenzana)表示，菲律賓希望降低對(duì)美國(guó)的軍事依賴(lài)，但不會(huì)成為中國(guó)的附庸，盡管菲律賓總統(tǒng)羅德里戈•杜特爾特(Rodrigo Duterte)向中國(guó)示好。

“We are buying ships from Indonesia, aeroplanes from Korea, ships from Korea. Japan is providing us some ships,” said Mr Lorenzana, who has in his office a large model of a Korean-made FA-50 fighter, an aircraft already being delivered to the Philippines.

洛倫扎納表示：“我們正從印尼購(gòu)買(mǎi)艦船，從韓國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)飛機(jī)和艦船。日本也正在為我們提供一些艦船。”他的辦公室里有一架韓國(guó)生產(chǎn)的FA-50戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的大尺寸模型，韓國(guó)已向菲律賓交付該型號(hào)飛機(jī)。

“We will maintain our relationship with the United States and maybe develop some more defence relationships with the Asean [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] neighbours,” he said in an interview with the Financial Times.

洛倫扎納在接受英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示：“我們將保持與美國(guó)的關(guān)系，還可能會(huì)與東盟(Asean)鄰國(guó)發(fā)展更多的防務(wù)關(guān)系。”

The Philippines is at the heart of a scramble in the Pacific to cope with China’s territorial ambitions and new uncertainties created by Donald Trump’s election as US president.

太平洋地區(qū)正忙于應(yīng)對(duì)中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土野心以及唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后所產(chǎn)生的不確定性，菲律賓正處于這一漩渦的中心。

Mr Lorenzana said Philippine officials from Mr Duterte down wanted to “expand our horizons” in an evolving campaign to improve the country’s “very weak” defence capabilities. He said he was hoping congress would approve a second phase of military modernisation spending to the tune of about $2.3bn over the next five years.

洛倫扎納表示，杜特爾特手下的菲律賓官員希望在提高該國(guó)“非常薄弱”的國(guó)防實(shí)力的不斷努力中“擴(kuò)大我們的視野”。他表示，他希望國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)未來(lái)5年約23億美元的第二階段軍事現(xiàn)代化支出計(jì)劃。

Manila is shopping widely for equipment to build up its navy, air force and coastguard — including from Beijing.

菲律賓正廣泛采購(gòu)裝備，包括從中國(guó)采購(gòu)裝備，以增強(qiáng)其海軍、空軍和海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)的實(shí)力。

The Philippines is looking to deepen defence co-operation with other large Southeast Asian countries that have overlapping claims with China, notably Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia.

菲律賓正計(jì)劃加深與其他同中國(guó)存在重疊領(lǐng)土主張的東南亞大國(guó)的國(guó)防合作，特別是與越南、印尼和馬來(lái)西亞。

Manila’s problems in sourcing spare parts for US military equipment after it forced Washington to withdraw from Philippine bases in the early 1990s had “left a mark in our psyche that it’s not good to rely on one country for your defence”, Mr Lorenzana said.

洛倫扎納表示，上世紀(jì)90年代初，在菲律賓迫使美國(guó)退出菲律賓基地后，菲律賓在為美國(guó)軍事設(shè)備采購(gòu)零配件上遇到的問(wèn)題“給我們的心理造成了影響，讓我們明白國(guó)防依賴(lài)一個(gè)國(guó)家不是好事”。

Even so, he said: “I don’t think we will cut off ties with the United States. The people relations between the two countries are still huge. We have 100,000 Americans living here and there are about 3m Filipinos living in the States.”

盡管如此，他仍表示：“我認(rèn)為，我們不會(huì)切斷與美國(guó)的聯(lián)系。兩國(guó)人民的聯(lián)系仍很緊密。我們有10萬(wàn)美國(guó)人生活在這里，在美國(guó)生活的菲律賓人有大約300萬(wàn)。”

Mr Lorenzana, a former army major general, was stationed at the Philippine embassy in Washington for more than a decade and has three children living in the US.

洛倫扎納是前陸軍少將。他曾在菲律賓駐美國(guó)大使館任職10余年，他的3個(gè)孩子居住在美國(guó)。

The defence secretary and other senior Philippine ministers have had to interpret a dramatic shift in foreign policy since Mr Duterte took office in June. A president who once pledged to ride a jet ski to plant his country’s flag on territory contested with China has since distanced himself from a long-awaited international tribunal ruling in July that delivered victory to Manila over Beijing.

洛倫扎納和菲律賓其他高級(jí)部長(zhǎng)不得不去解釋自杜特爾特6月上臺(tái)以來(lái)外交政策的巨大變化。這位菲律賓總統(tǒng)曾發(fā)誓駕駛摩托艇將菲律賓的國(guó)旗插在與中國(guó)存在領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)議的島嶼上，但后來(lái)卻與今年7月一項(xiàng)該國(guó)期待已久的國(guó)際仲裁保持距離，這項(xiàng)裁決的結(jié)果是菲律賓勝訴，中國(guó)敗訴。

The Philippine leader used a trip to China in October to dismiss the judgment as “just a piece of paper” and announce Manila’s “separation” from Washington. Since then China seems to have allowed Philippine fishermen to return to Scarborough Shoal, a rocky outcrop that has been a subject of bitter dispute since 2012. But Mr Lorenzana suggested the dispute was far from over, noting the Philippines still felt it had the stronger claim. He styled China a friend rather than an ally, adding that neighbouring countries had warned Manila to be careful in dealings with Beijing.

杜特爾特在今年10月訪華時(shí)，把這項(xiàng)裁決稱(chēng)為“只是一張紙”，并宣布菲律賓與美國(guó)“分離”。此后，中國(guó)似乎已允許菲律賓漁民回到斯卡伯勒淺灘(Scarborough Shoal，中國(guó)稱(chēng)黃巖島——譯者注)，這片露出水面的巖層2012年以來(lái)一直是激烈爭(zhēng)端的焦點(diǎn)。但洛倫扎納表示，這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)端遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束，他指出，菲律賓仍認(rèn)為自己的聲索依據(jù)更為充分。他把中國(guó)列為朋友，而非盟友，他補(bǔ)充稱(chēng)，鄰國(guó)一直警告菲律賓在與中國(guó)打交道時(shí)要謹(jǐn)慎。

“We will stand up for our rights but not now, especially as we have a very weak defence capability,” he said. “We do not even have a big enough ship to maybe confront the Chinese coastguard face to face.”

“我們將捍衛(wèi)自己的權(quán)利，但不是現(xiàn)在，特別是在我們的國(guó)防實(shí)力非常薄弱之際，”他表示，“我們甚至沒(méi)有足夠大的艦船來(lái)面對(duì)面地對(duì)抗中國(guó)的海警。”

Mr Lorenzana stressed that the US-Philippine relationship would endure. He said the US had “neglected” Southeast Asian security because it was preoccupied with problems such as the Middle East and Ukraine, allowing China to start “grabbing islands”.

洛倫扎納強(qiáng)調(diào)，美國(guó)與菲律賓的關(guān)系將長(zhǎng)久保持。他表示，美國(guó)“忽視”東南亞安全的原因是美國(guó)被中東和烏克蘭等問(wèn)題占據(jù)了精力，這讓中國(guó)開(kāi)始“搶占島嶼”。

But he said the Philippines had no plans to scrap its 1951 security treaty with Washington, stop US access to bases for equipment storage or expel US troops in the southern Philippine islands where radical Islamist groups are active. Joint military exercises would remain, with some reformatting to focus more on areas such as disaster relief and humanitarian assistance.

但他表示，菲律賓無(wú)意放棄其與美國(guó)在1951年簽訂的安全條約，也不計(jì)劃阻止美國(guó)進(jìn)入基地存放設(shè)備，或?qū)⒚绹?guó)軍隊(duì)驅(qū)逐出激進(jìn)伊斯蘭組織活躍的菲律賓南部島嶼。聯(lián)合軍事演習(xí)仍將進(jìn)行，一些演習(xí)將重新規(guī)劃，更多側(cè)重于救災(zāi)和人道援助等領(lǐng)域。

Mr Lorenzana noted that Mr Duterte had damped his anti-US rhetoric since Mr Trump’s election. The Philippine government says Mr Trump has invited Mr Duterte to the White House next year, although the US president-elect’s team has not confirmed this.

洛倫扎納指出，自從特朗普當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)以來(lái)，杜特爾特弱化了其反美言論。菲律賓政府表示，特朗普已邀請(qǐng)杜特爾特明年訪美，不過(guò)特朗普的團(tuán)隊(duì)尚未證實(shí)這點(diǎn)。

“I don’t know what the relationship will be between my president and president-elect Trump once he gets inaugurated,” Mr Lorenzana said. “But since [Trump] won, I think my president has not attacked the United States that much, not any more.”

“我不知道一旦特朗普就職，我國(guó)總統(tǒng)與特朗普之間的關(guān)系會(huì)如何發(fā)展，”洛倫扎納表示，“但自從(特朗普)當(dāng)選后，我認(rèn)為，我國(guó)總統(tǒng)沒(méi)有大肆抨擊過(guò)美國(guó)，再也沒(méi)有。”

Additional reporting by Minnie

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