卡梅倫邀奧巴馬站臺(tái)或適得其反

George Canning, the 19th-century British statesman,famously called the New World into existence “toredress the balance of the old”. David Cameron, UKprime minister, no doubt had similar hopes when heasked Barack Obama to visit the country this weekbarely two months before its Brexit referendum. Whobetter than a US president to refute the Brexiteerdream of replacing Britain’s continental ties with ananglospheric world? Who better than Mr Obama todeflate the feverish ambitions of Boris Johnson, MPand mayor of London?

19世紀(jì)英國(guó)政治家喬治•坎寧(George Canning)曾有一種著名的說法，稱正在形成的新世界“令舊世界進(jìn)入新的平衡”。英國(guó)首相戴維•卡梅倫(David Cameron)在距離英國(guó)退歐公投只有兩個(gè)月之際，邀請(qǐng)巴拉克•奧巴馬(Barack Obama)本周訪問英國(guó)，無疑是有類似的期待。要駁斥英國(guó)退歐派用“英語圈”取代英國(guó)與歐洲大陸之聯(lián)系的夢(mèng)想，還有比美國(guó)總統(tǒng)更合適的人選嗎?要挫敗國(guó)會(huì)議員、倫敦市長(zhǎng)鮑里斯•約翰遜(Boris Johnson)的狂熱野心，還有比奧巴馬更合適的人選嗎?

Alas, that is where the poetry ends. In the age of Donald Trump, Americans worry about thecoarseness of their debate, but it is at least rivalled by Britain’s tradition of characterassassination. Mr Obama is taking quite a risk with his visit. US presidents make a point ofavoiding other democracies ahead of general elections for fear of seeming to meddle. Byputting the UK’s economic and geopolitical future in question, the June 23 referendum is farmore important than any ordinary election.

可惜，美好的愿望到此為止。在唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)時(shí)代，美國(guó)人對(duì)他們的辯論表現(xiàn)出的粗俗感到擔(dān)憂，但英國(guó)的人格誹謗傳統(tǒng)的粗俗程度至少與之不相上下。奧巴馬這次訪問要承擔(dān)相當(dāng)大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于擔(dān)心被視為插手干預(yù)，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)一貫注意避免在大選前訪問其他民主國(guó)家。6月23日的英國(guó)退歐公投，令英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和地緣政治未來打上了問號(hào)，這使得這一公投的重要性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了任何普通選舉。

Instead of giving a helpful tilt to Mr Cameron’s Remain campaign, Mr Obama’s interventioncould backfire. Even before Mr Obama opened his mouth, Mr Johnson last week accused him of“outrageous and exorbitant hypocrisy” for wanting Britain to persist with a sovereignty-pooling arrangement the US would never contemplate. Slightly more politely, a group of pro-Brexit members of parliament last month wrote to Mr Obama urging him not to interfere. “Wewould certainly never think of visiting the United States and telling the US public how to vote inan election or the amendment of their constitution,” said Kate Hoey, an opposition Labourparty MP.

奧巴馬的干涉不但不會(huì)為卡梅倫的“留歐”運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來幫助，還可能產(chǎn)生反作用。甚至在奧巴馬還未開口之時(shí)，約翰遜就在上周先將批評(píng)的矛頭指向了他，稱他想讓英國(guó)留在一種美國(guó)絕不會(huì)考慮的主權(quán)集中安排中，是“蠻橫無禮、極其偽善”之舉。多名支持英國(guó)退歐的英國(guó)議員則略為委婉，他們?cè)谏蟼€(gè)月寫信給奧巴馬，敦促他不要干涉此事。反對(duì)黨工黨(Labour)議員凱特•霍伊(Kate Hoey)表示：“毫無疑問，我們絕不會(huì)考慮去美國(guó)告訴美國(guó)公眾在選舉或修改憲法時(shí)如何投票。”

She had a point. Yet the intensity of the prebuttals before Mr Obama’s visit betrays worriesabout his potential influence. Much of the Brexit case rests on the view that the UK couldquickly negotiate a free trade agreement with the US. Having had to grapple with surgingprotectionist sentiment at home, Mr Obama is perhaps the world’s leading expert on howdifficult that would be to achieve. Last year Mike Froman, the understated US traderepresentative, said: “We are not particularly in the market for free trade agreements withindividual countries,” after he was asked about prospects for a US-UK deal. In plain Englishthat meant there would be zero chance. Mr Obama will look for a tactful way to reinforce thatpoint.

她說的有一定道理。然而，奧巴馬訪英之前對(duì)他的密集討伐暴露出支持英國(guó)退歐的人士對(duì)奧巴馬潛在影響力的擔(dān)憂。很大一部分支持英國(guó)退歐的理由基于英國(guó)能夠迅速與美國(guó)達(dá)成自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的觀點(diǎn)。然而，不得不努力應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)高漲的保護(hù)主義情緒的奧巴馬，大概是世界上最了解這有多么困難的人。去年，言語謹(jǐn)慎的美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表邁克•弗羅曼(Mike Froman)在被問及美英達(dá)成自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的前景時(shí)說：“我們并沒有特別尋求和單個(gè)國(guó)家達(dá)成自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定。”用直白的話來說，這意味著可能性是零。奧巴馬會(huì)尋求用一種圓滑的辦法來強(qiáng)化這一觀點(diǎn)。

Furthermore, Mr Obama’s popularity ratings in the UK are higher than for any local politician,including Mr Johnson. They are particularly high among Britain’s millennial generation, whosehigh turnout would be key to defeating the pro-Brexit case in June. UK polls show youngervoters are more comfortable with the EU than older ones. Mr Obama will hold a town hall eventin London with young voters. He will have dinner with royals William and Kate and lunch withWilliam’s grandmother, the Queen.

此外，奧巴馬在英國(guó)的人氣高于任何本土政治人士，包括約翰遜。奧巴馬在英國(guó)千禧一代中的人氣尤其高，他們的高投票率將是在6月挫敗英國(guó)退歐派的關(guān)鍵。英國(guó)民調(diào)結(jié)果顯示，比起年紀(jì)較大的選民，較年輕選民更安于留在歐盟。奧巴馬將在倫敦市政廳舉行一場(chǎng)面向年輕選民的活動(dòng)。他將和威廉王子和凱特王妃(royals Williamand Kate)共進(jìn)晚餐，并與威廉王子的祖母英國(guó)女王(the Queen)共進(jìn)午餐。

The latter, who turns 90 tomorrow, might give Mr Obama a crash course on how to influenceBritish voters without appearing to do so. Shortly before the referendum on Scotland’sindependence in 2014, the apolitical monarch urged Scots to “think hard” before theyvoted. It was clear in which direction she wished such thinking to go. The margin in favour ofthe status quo was wider than the polls anticipated. Mr Obama will be hoping for a similaroutcome against Brexit on June 23.

明天將迎來90歲大壽的女王可能會(huì)給奧巴馬上一堂關(guān)于如何不著痕跡地影響英國(guó)選民的速成課。2014年蘇格蘭獨(dú)立公投前不久，這位不問政治的君主敦促蘇格蘭人在投票前“好好想想”。她所希望的思考方向很明顯。結(jié)果，支持維持現(xiàn)狀陣營(yíng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)比民調(diào)結(jié)果預(yù)測(cè)的要大。奧巴馬也將希望6月23日反對(duì)英國(guó)退歐陣營(yíng)能迎來類似的結(jié)果。

In spite of Mr Obama’s supposed coolness on the UK-US “special relationship”, he readilyagreed to this trip as a favour to Mr Cameron. “We want to do whatever Cameron thinks willhelp him to win this vote,” says Lou Susman, Mr Obama’s first ambassador to Britain, and aninformal adviser. “Of course, it is entirely up to the British people which way they vote.”Naturally, that goes without saying.

盡管奧巴馬應(yīng)該在英美“特殊關(guān)系”方面表現(xiàn)冷淡，但他仍痛快地答應(yīng)為幫卡梅倫一個(gè)忙而訪英。“我們?cè)敢庾鋈魏慰穫愓J(rèn)為將幫助他贏得這次投票的事情，”美國(guó)駐英國(guó)大使、奧巴馬的非正式顧問路易斯•薩斯曼(LouisSusman)說，“當(dāng)然，投哪一邊完全取決于英國(guó)民眾自己。”自然，那是不言而喻的。