李克強(qiáng)總理在中歐論壇漢堡峰會(huì)演講原文
樹立互利共贏的新標(biāo)桿
——在中歐論壇漢堡峰會(huì)第六屆會(huì)議上的主旨演講
中華人民共和國國務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)
(2014年10月11日，德國漢堡)
Set a New Example of Mutual Benefit and Win-Win Cooperation
Remarks by H.E. Li Keqiang
Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
At the Sixth “Hamburg Summit: China Meets Europe”
Hamburg, 11 October 2014
尊敬的施泰因邁爾外長，
尊敬的貝特爾首相，
尊敬的舒爾茨議長，
女士們，先生們：
Your Excellency Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier,
Your Excellency Prime Minister Xavier Bettel,
Your Excellency President Martin Schulz,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
很高興出席中歐論壇漢堡峰會(huì)。漢堡素有“世界橋城”的美譽(yù)，2000多座橋構(gòu)成這座城市獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景線。在我看來，漢堡還有更多無形的橋通向世界。漢堡自古就有自由貿(mào)易傳統(tǒng)，13世紀(jì)就建立了漢薩同盟?，F(xiàn)在，漢堡以歐洲最快轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)港聞名于世，漢堡港裝卸的集裝箱每三個(gè)就有一個(gè)往來于中歐之間。從這里，我們看到的是中歐交流的悠久歷史和繁華現(xiàn)實(shí)。
It is my great pleasure to attend the “Hamburg Summit: China meets Europe”. Known as the “City of Bridges”, Hamburg boasts a unique view with over 2,000 bridges. As I see it, Hamburg has even more intangible bridges that extend to the rest of the world. Hamburg has a time-honored tradition of free trade and had established the Hanseatic League back in the 13th century. Today, Hamburg is known to be the fastest transshipment port in Europe. In fact, one out of every three containers handled in the Port of Hamburg travels between China and Europe. This illustrates the long history and current dynamism of China-Europe exchanges.
本屆中歐論壇漢堡峰會(huì)議題豐富，包括中歐相互認(rèn)知、貿(mào)易和投資體制、中國的城鎮(zhèn)化、綠色增長等等，從中能感受大家對中歐合作充滿期待。合作需要加深了解，借此機(jī)會(huì)，我介紹一下中國經(jīng)濟(jì)當(dāng)前形勢和發(fā)展前景。
The “Hamburg Summit: China meets Europe” 2014 has a rich program, including topics such as how China and Europe perceive each other, trade and investment order, urbanization in China, green growth, etc. I can see from the program that there is a great deal of anticipation for China-Europe cooperation. Cooperation requires more understanding of each other, so I wish to take this opportunity to brief you on the current state and future prospects of the Chinese economy.
今年以來，面對錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨下行壓力，但運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)。上半年GDP增長7.4%，第三季度基本延續(xù)這種態(tài)勢。這一增速相對于中國過去10%左右的高速度，雖有所下降，但還屬于中高水平。從世界范圍看，我們的增長速度是高的。中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量已經(jīng)相當(dāng)大，現(xiàn)在7%的增量相當(dāng)于、甚至高于過去10%的增量，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)中等經(jīng)濟(jì)體的規(guī)模。
Since the start of this year, in the face of a complex environment at home and abroad, the Chinese economy, under heavy downward pressure, has managed to maintain a stable performance on the whole. Its GDP grew by 7.4% in the first half of this year, a momentum that has basically continued into the third quarter. Although this figure is somewhat lower than China’s high-speed growth of about 10% in the past, it remains a medium-to-high growth rate. Worldwide, our growth rate is still high. Given China’s large economic size, the 7% increase in its economy today equals, if not exceeds, a 10% increase in its economy in the past. The increase is also equivalent to the size of a medium-sized economy.
今年年初和近幾個(gè)月，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)一些指標(biāo)出現(xiàn)小幅波動(dòng)，但經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行仍處于合理區(qū)間。有波動(dòng)是難免的，類似波動(dòng)在去年也發(fā)生過，其他國家的增長也不是一條直線。我們提出中國經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行要保持在合理區(qū)間，今年增長的預(yù)期目標(biāo)是7.5%左右。請朋友們注意，這里有個(gè)“左右”。也就是說，只要就業(yè)比較充分、物價(jià)比較穩(wěn)定、居民收入同步增長、生態(tài)環(huán)保取得積極成果，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速比7.5%高一點(diǎn)、低一點(diǎn)，都是可以接受的。對于中國政府來說，最關(guān)注的還是就業(yè)。今年以來，雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)增速有所放緩，但就業(yè)不降反增。1-9月，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)超過1000萬人、與去年同期相比多增了十幾萬人，31個(gè)大城市調(diào)查失業(yè)率保持在5%左右。
In the beginning of this year and in recent months, there have been some small fluctuations in some of China’s economic indicators, yet the economy is still running within a reasonable range. It is inevitable to have some fluctuations, which also occurred last year. And the growth of other countries is not a perfect straight line either. We maintain that the Chinese economy needs to perform within a reasonable range. The growth target for this year is set at around 7.5%. I would like to draw your attention to the word “around”. This means that with adequate employment and relatively stable price levels, and as long as we could ensure parallel growth of household income and positive progress in protecting the environment, a growth rate slightly higher or lower than 7.5% would be considered acceptable. For the Chinese government, its focus is still on employment. Since the start of this year, although economic growth has somewhat slowed, employment has increased. From January to September, more than 10 million urban jobs were created, over 100,000 more than that of the same period of last year. Surveyed unemployment rate has stayed at around 5% in 31 big cities.
經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不是短跑，而是沒有終點(diǎn)的長跑，要有一定的速度，但更重要的是看耐力和后勁。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的質(zhì)量效益在提升，這是我們希望看到的。服務(wù)業(yè)比重繼續(xù)上升，電子商務(wù)、物流快遞等新興業(yè)態(tài)快速發(fā)展，高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和裝備制造業(yè)增長快于整個(gè)工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整優(yōu)化“跨了欄”。節(jié)能減排也交出一份好的成績單，上半年單位GDP能耗同比下降4.2%、碳排放強(qiáng)度下降5%左右，是多年來最大的降幅。我們的居民收入持續(xù)增加，消費(fèi)需求平穩(wěn)增長，特別是大眾消費(fèi)快速上升，人民群眾得到了實(shí)實(shí)在在的好處。
Economic growth is not a sprint but rather long-distance running that will never end. It demands certain speed. More importantly, it demands perseverance and staying power. The quality and efficiency of China’s economic growth is improving, something that we hope to see. With the continued rise of the proportion of the service industry, the rapid development of emerging industries such as e-commerce, logistics and express delivery, and the growth of high-tech industries and equipment manufacturing faster than the entire secondary industry, the adjustment and improvement of industrial structure has progressed by leaps and bounds. We have also seen encouraging results in energy conservation and emissions reduction. Energy consumption per unit of GDP was down by 4.2%, and carbon intensity down by about 5% in the first half of this year, the biggest cuts in years. With growing household income, consumer demand is also rising steadily. In particular, consumption by the general public is increasing rapidly. People have enjoyed tangible benefits in the course of economic development.
中國經(jīng)濟(jì)能有這樣的表現(xiàn)，主要靠的是改革創(chuàng)新。面對經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，我們沒有實(shí)行“大水漫灌”式的強(qiáng)刺激，沒有放松銀根和擴(kuò)大赤字，而是強(qiáng)力推改革，在加快行政、財(cái)稅、金融、投資等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革的同時(shí)，改革和創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控方式，實(shí)施結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)控，也就是在區(qū)間調(diào)控的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行定向調(diào)控。改革對經(jīng)濟(jì)也是一種刺激，能夠再造微觀基礎(chǔ)，優(yōu)化宏觀環(huán)境，激發(fā)巨大市場活力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力。我們推出一系列激活力、補(bǔ)短板、強(qiáng)實(shí)體的改革措施，就是要釋放改革這一發(fā)展的巨大紅利。
The Chinese economy has made these achievements thanks mainly to reform and innovation. Despite downward pressure on the economy, we have not adopted indiscriminate strong economic stimulus; nor have we ever eased monetary policy or expanded deficit. Instead, we have vigorously promoted reform in administrative, fiscal, financial, investment and other key areas and, at the same time, reformed and innovated the approaches of macro-control by promoting structural adjustment, namely targeted macro-control on the basis of range-based macro-control. Reform is also a stimulus on the economy, as it helps to improve both the micro-foundations and the macro-environment for economic growth, and could generate huge market vitality and social creativity. We have put in place a number of reform measures to incentivize market entities, strengthen weak links and boost the real economy, with an aim to release the massive dividend of reform for development.
今年以來，中國政府繼續(xù)帶頭自我革命，大幅度簡政放權(quán)，推進(jìn)市場化改革，讓更多的人、更多的企業(yè)展現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)新的活力。今年3月，全面推行了工商登記制度改革，半年多來新設(shè)立的市場主體“井噴式”增長，同比增幅超過60%。這些新設(shè)立的企業(yè)大多屬于小微企業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)，帶動(dòng)了上千萬人就業(yè)，而且成長性強(qiáng)，是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長新的支撐力量。我們不僅降低市場準(zhǔn)入門檻，采取“雪中送炭”的政策支持這些新設(shè)企業(yè)，還加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管、創(chuàng)造公平競爭的市場環(huán)境，織密社會(huì)保障安全網(wǎng)、讓創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新者無后顧之憂，培植企業(yè)健康成長的沃土。
Since the beginning of this year, the Chinese government has continued to spearhead a “self-targeted revolution” by substantially streamlining administration and delegating powers and promoting market-based reforms so as to boost the vigor of creation and innovation for more individuals and businesses. Since the adoption of reform on the business registration system last March, we have seen an over 60% year- on-year growth, a massive upsurge, in other words, on the number of newly registered market entities over the past six months and more. These new businesses, mostly small and micro-enterprises or players in the service sector, have generated more than 10 million jobs, and have become a new pillar of China’s economic growth thanks to their strong growth prospect. We have not only lowered the threshold of market access by offering much-needed policy support to these newly-established businesses, but also enhanced on-going and ex-post oversight, created a market environment featuring fair competition, and improved the social security network, so that those involved in entrepreneurship and innovation will have no additional worries and will grow healthily on the land we have fostered for them.
談到這個(gè)話題，我想起歌德曾經(jīng)說過，“你若喜愛你自己的價(jià)值，你就得給世界創(chuàng)造價(jià)值”。創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造是人類共同的理念和追求。我們采取這些改革創(chuàng)新舉措，就是要讓市場新生力量站穩(wěn)腳跟、發(fā)展起來，也讓更多的人看到希望、敢于跟進(jìn)，在中國大地形成大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新的熱潮。掀起這股熱潮，讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)成就事業(yè)、精彩人生的夢想，這可以把我們的“人口紅利”轉(zhuǎn)為“人才紅利”，也可以完善收入分配、促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平，更好實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)增長、人的全面發(fā)展。
Speaking as I am, I think of a line from Goethe, which reads “If you want to love your own value, you must create value for the world.” Innovation and creation is the common ideal and pursuit of mankind. We have adopted these measures of reform and innovation so that the newly-born market forces will grow steadily, and that more people will see the hope and follow suit. In this way, we will see a massive wave of entrepreneurship and innovation by the people on the Chinese land. This wave will help everyone to grasp the opportunity of realizing the dream of greater accomplishments and a colorful life. It will enable us to turn our “demographic dividend” into “talent dividend” and improve income distribution and promote social equity, so that we could achieve sustained economic growth and all-round development of the people.
為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行，我們將在保持政策總體穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)上，更加積極地作為。下一步，我們還會(huì)加大改革創(chuàng)新力度，不僅對體制性障礙“拆藩籬”，還對結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾“動(dòng)手術(shù)”，彌補(bǔ)發(fā)展中的“短板”，做強(qiáng)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的“筋骨”。比如，在財(cái)政資金、金融信貸上，盤活存量、用好增量，支持“三農(nóng)”、小微企業(yè)、新興業(yè)態(tài)等實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)中西部鐵路、城鎮(zhèn)棚戶區(qū)改造、水利、污染防治等重大民生和發(fā)展工程，增加公共產(chǎn)品供給。有改革創(chuàng)新形成的強(qiáng)勁動(dòng)能，我們對實(shí)現(xiàn)今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)充滿信心。
To ensure stable economic performance, we will be more proactive on the basis of maintaining overall policy stability. As a next step, we will further enhance reform and innovation. In addition to removing systemic obstacles, we will also address structural problems by strengthening weak links in development and in the real economy. For example, on finance and credit, we will make good use of both existing and additional resources to support the development of agriculture, rural areas, farmers, small and micro-enterprises, emerging industries and other forms of the real economy. We will continue to advance major livelihood and development projects such as railways in Central and Western China, renovation of urban run-down areas, water conservancy and pollution prevention and treatment, and make efforts to increase the supply of public goods. With the strong driving force of reform and innovation, we have every confidence that we could achieve the main targets for this year’s economic and social development.
中國經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展了30多年，未來發(fā)展依然有充沛的動(dòng)力源，前景是光明的，因?yàn)槲覀兊慕?jīng)濟(jì)有巨大的增長韌性、市場空間和回旋余地。在座的不少是中國工商界的老朋友，如大家所感受到的，中國的人力資源素質(zhì)在提高，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施完備，產(chǎn)業(yè)配套性好，資金與技術(shù)有一定積累，經(jīng)濟(jì)抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力強(qiáng)，這些都是我們的綜合優(yōu)勢。認(rèn)識中國，需要立體地透視。中國是一個(gè)13億多人口的大國，城鄉(xiāng)之間、區(qū)域之間發(fā)展不平衡，工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化還有很長的路要走。廣闊的農(nóng)村和內(nèi)陸腹地，可以使經(jīng)濟(jì)梯度發(fā)展、漸次開花，蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的發(fā)展?jié)撃?。改革?chuàng)新是潛能最好的“挖掘機(jī)”。中國人民吃苦耐勞，正在用自己的智慧創(chuàng)新體制、創(chuàng)新科技，推動(dòng)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)保持中高速增長、邁向中高端水平。
The Chinese economy has been growing in a sustained and rapid manner for over 30 years, and it still has ample source of energy for future development. It has a bright prospect, thanks to its strong resilience of growth, as well as the huge market space and ample room for leverage. Many of you are old friends of the Chinese business community. As you may have noticed, China does have a number of advantages such as improved human resources, well-developed infrastructure, industries, capitals and technologies, and strong risk-resistance capability. Yet to know a country like China well, one also needs to see more than that, as China is a big country with over 1.3 billion people and there is uneven development between the urban and rural areas and among different regions. Much remains to be done before we could realize industrialization and urbanization. The broad space in China’s rural areas and inland provinces allows the economy to grow in an incremental and gradual manner, and these are where we find still a huge potential for development. As I see it, reform and innovation is the best “excavator” to bring out the potential. The diligent and hardworking Chinese people are making innovations on the system and science and technology development through their own wisdom, thus ensuring that the Chinese economy will maintain medium to high growth rate and move to the medium-and-higher end of growth.
中國的發(fā)展是開放的發(fā)展。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展離不開世界，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮也需要中國。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)有人擔(dān)心的“硬著陸”，而是會(huì)給國際經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來正面影響，是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的重要推動(dòng)力量。這有利于中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)合作和互利共贏。
China’s development is open development. The Chinese economy cannot develop without the world, and prosperity of the global economy also needs China. The Chinese economy will not head for a “hard-landing” as some have worried about. On the contrary, it will bear positively on the global economy, and serve as a significant force propelling world economic recovery. That, I believe, is conducive to China-Europe business cooperation and ensures mutual benefit and win-win outcomes in our cooperation.
中國的發(fā)展需要和平的國際環(huán)境和穩(wěn)定的周邊環(huán)境。在世界政治經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的情況下，中國是維護(hù)世界和平的重要力量，也致力于維護(hù)地區(qū)穩(wěn)定與安全。希望各國攜手共進(jìn)，相互尊重，和平相處，共同發(fā)展。
China’s development requires a peaceful international environment and a stable neighboring environment. As the global political and economic environment remains complex, China makes a major force for upholding world peace, and China is committed to upholding stability and security at the regional level. China hopes that countries may join hands, respect and live in peace with each other and seek to achieve common development.
