《釣魚島是中國(guó)的固有領(lǐng)土》白皮書

(二)中國(guó)對(duì)釣魚島實(shí)行了長(zhǎng)期管轄

2. Diaoyu Dao had long been under China's jurisdiction

早在明朝初期，為防御東南沿海的倭寇，中國(guó)就將釣魚島列入防區(qū)。1561年(明嘉靖四十年)，明朝駐防東南沿海的最高將領(lǐng)胡宗憲主持、鄭若曾編纂的《籌海圖編》一書，明確將釣魚島等島嶼編入“沿海山沙圖”，納入明朝的海防范圍內(nèi)。1605年(明萬歷三十三年)徐必達(dá)等人繪制的《乾坤一統(tǒng)海防全圖》及1621年(明天啟元年)茅元儀繪制的中國(guó)海防圖《武備志·海防二·福建沿海山沙圖》，也將釣魚島等島嶼劃入中國(guó)海疆之內(nèi)。

In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, China placed Diaoyu Dao under its coastal defense to guard against the invasion of Japanese pirates along its southeast coast. In 1561 (the 40th year of the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty)， An Illustrated Compendium on Maritime Security (Chou Hai Tu Bian) compiled by Zheng Ruozeng under the auspices of Hu Zongxian, the supreme commander of the southeast coastal defense of the Ming court, included the Diaoyu Dao Islands on the "Map of Coastal Mountains and Sands" (Yan Hai Shan Sha Tu) and incorporated them into the jurisdiction of the coastal defense of the Ming court. The Complete Map of Unified Maritime Territory for Coastal Defense (Qian Kun Yi Tong Hai Fang Quan Tu)， drawn up by Xu Bida and others in 1605 (the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty) and the Treatise on Military Preparations. Coastal Defense II. Map of Fujian's Coastal Mountains and Sands (Wu Bei Zhi. Hai Fang Er. Fu Jian Yan Hai Shan Sha Tu)， drawn up by Mao Yuanyi in 1621 (the first year of the reign of Emperor Tianqi of the Ming Dynasty)， also included the Diaoyu Dao Islands as part of China's maritime territory。

清朝不僅沿襲了明朝的做法，繼續(xù)將釣魚島等島嶼列入中國(guó)海防范圍內(nèi)，而且明確將其置于臺(tái)灣地方政府的行政管轄之下。清代《臺(tái)海使槎錄》、《臺(tái)灣府志》等官方文獻(xiàn)詳細(xì)記載了對(duì)釣魚島的管轄情況。1871年(清同治十年)刊印的陳壽祺等編纂的《重纂福建通志》卷八十六將釣魚島列入海防沖要，隸屬臺(tái)灣府噶瑪蘭廳(今臺(tái)灣省宜蘭縣)管轄。

The Qing court not only incorporated the Diaoyu Dao Islands into the scope of China's coastal defense as the Ming court did, but also clearly placed the islands under the jurisdiction of the local government of Taiwan. Official documents of the Qing court, such as A Tour of Duty in the Taiwan Strait (Tai Hai Shi Cha Lu) and Annals of Taiwan Prefecture (Tai Wan Fu Zhi) all gave detailed accounts concerning China's administration over Diaoyu Dao. Volume 86 of Recompiled General Annals of Fujian (Chong Zuan Fu Jian Tong Zhi)， a book compiled by Chen Shouqi and others in 1871 (the tenth year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty)， included Diaoyu Dao as a strategic location for coastal defense and placed the islands under the jurisdiction of Gamalan, Taiwan (known as Yilan County today)。