2020年是有史以來(lái)最熱的一年

2020年是有史以來(lái)最熱的一年

Last year was the joint hottest year on record globally, tied with 2016, and the hottest year ever recorded for Europe, according to fresh data released by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).

根據(jù)哥白尼氣候變化局(C3S)發(fā)布的最新數(shù)據(jù)，去年是有記錄以來(lái)全球最熱的一年，與2016年并列，也是歐洲有記錄以來(lái)最熱的一年。

Tom Hale

Scientists had previously speculated that 2020 was going to be one of the hottest years on record but it’s just been confirmed by the C3S. The data indicates that 2020 was 0.6°C (1.08°F) warmer than the standard 1981 to 2010 reference period and around 1.25°C (2.25°F) above levels before the industrial revolution.

科學(xué)家們此前曾推測(cè)，2020年將是有記錄以來(lái)最熱的年份之一，但這一推測(cè)剛剛被C3S證實(shí)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年的氣溫比1981年至2010年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考期高0.6°C(1.08°F)，比工業(yè)革命前的水平高出約1.25°C(2.25°F)。

While 2020 was on a par with the 2016 record, 2016 was given an extra boost from El Niño, a short-term rising in ocean surface temperature in the tropical Pacific that tends to slightly increase temperatures across the world every two to seven years. 2020, however, did not have this extra advantage – in fact, it was a La Niña year, El Niño's colder counterpart – yet it still managed to rival 2016.

盡管2020年與2016年的記錄持平，但2016年受到了厄爾尼諾的額外提振。厄爾尼諾是熱帶太平洋海洋表面溫度的短期上升，往往每2至7年全球溫度略有上升。然而，2020年并沒(méi)有這一額外增勢(shì)——事實(shí)上，2020年是拉尼娜年，與厄爾尼諾相對(duì)應(yīng)的是更冷的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象——但它仍能與2016年匹敵。

Last year also saw one of the biggest drops in carbon dioxide emissions since the end of World War Two due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, this is highly unlikely to have any meaningful impact on the state of the planet’s climate crisis in the short or long term. The new C3S satellite data also showed that carbon dioxide concentrations have continued to rise in 2020, albeit at a slightly slower rate than previous years, reaching a concentration of 413.1 parts per million in our atmosphere.

去年也是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，由于COVID-19大流行，二氧化碳排放量下降幅度最大的一年之一。不幸的是，這在短期或長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)不可能對(duì)地球的氣候危機(jī)狀況產(chǎn)生任何有意義的影響。新的C3S衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，2020年二氧化碳濃度繼續(xù)上升，盡管速度略低于前幾年，還是達(dá)到了百萬(wàn)分之413.1。

“While carbon dioxide concentrations have risen slightly less in 2020 than in 2019, this is no cause for complacency. Until the net global emissions reduce to zero, CO2 will continue to accumulate in the atmosphere and drive further climate change,” Vincent-Henri Peuch, Director of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), explained in a statement.

“盡管2020年的二氧化碳濃度比2019年略有下降，但我們沒(méi)有理由因此而自滿(mǎn)。在全球凈排放量減少到零之前，二氧化碳將繼續(xù)在大氣中積累，并導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步的氣候變化，”哥白尼大氣監(jiān)測(cè)服務(wù)(CAMS)主任文森特-亨利·珀赫在一份聲明中解釋說(shuō)。

The year was one of the worst years on record for the Arctic. Off the back of an exceptionally warm decade, the average annual land-surface air temperature in the Arctic measured between October 2019 and September 2020 was the second-warmest since record-keeping began in 1900. As a result of these temperatures, the Arctic endured the second-lowest Arctic minimum sea ice extent. The Siberian Arctic also experienced a freakishly high number of wildfires, surpassing the record-breaking fire activity seen in 2019.

這是北極有史以來(lái)最糟糕的一年之一。在經(jīng)歷了異常溫暖的十年之后，2019年10月至2020年9月間北極地表平均年氣溫是自1900年有記錄以來(lái)第二高的。由于這些溫度，北極經(jīng)歷了第二低的北極最小海冰范圍。西伯利亞北極地區(qū)也經(jīng)歷了異常高的野火次數(shù)，超過(guò)了2019年創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的火災(zāi)活動(dòng)。

On top of unusually warm temperatures in the northern polar regions, the world also saw a massive uptick in tropical storms in the Atlantic. This year has broken the single-season record for the most named hurricanes in the Atlantic, previously held by the 2005 hurricane season with 28 storms. In fact, that’s so many hurricanes, the World Meteorological Organization exhausted their standard list of alphabetical names for storms and were forced to turn to the Greek alphabet.

除了北極地區(qū)異常溫暖的氣溫外，世界上大西洋的熱帶風(fēng)暴也大幅增加。今年已經(jīng)打破了大西洋單季節(jié)最多颶風(fēng)的記錄，該記錄之前由2005年的颶風(fēng)季節(jié)保持，有28個(gè)風(fēng)暴。事實(shí)上，由于颶風(fēng)太多了，世界氣象組織用盡了按字母順序排列的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)風(fēng)暴名稱(chēng)列表，不得不改用希臘字母。

"2020 stands out for its exceptional warmth in the Arctic and a record number of tropical storms in the North Atlantic. It is no surprise that the last decade was the warmest on record, and is yet another reminder of the urgency of ambitious emissions reductions to prevent adverse climate impacts in the future,” said Carlo Buontempo, Director of the C3S.

“2020年以北極異常溫暖和北大西洋創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的熱帶風(fēng)暴數(shù)量而引人注目。過(guò)去10年是有記錄以來(lái)最熱的10年，這并不奇怪，這再次提醒人們，為了防止未來(lái)不利的氣候影響，有雄心地減少排放的緊迫性，”C3S主任Carlo Buontempo說(shuō)。