壓力對身體有什么影響?

壓力對身體有什么影響?

Though not all stress is bad, we need a break from bad stressors, otherwise our health may begin to deteriorate.

雖然不是所有的壓力都是有害的，但我們需要從有害的壓力源中休息一下，否則我們的健康可能會開始惡化。

Not all stress is bad, but that doesn't mean stress should be constant. (Photo: KieferPix/Shutterstock)

Though you might not have to flee a predator, the same chemical cocktails are coursing through your body as the caveman's.

雖然你可能不必逃離捕食者，但同樣的化學混合物正在你的身體里奔流，就像穴居人的一樣。

Stress and cardiac issues

壓力和心臟問題

Several studies have found links between elevated stress and cardiovascular disease. Thitiporn taingpan/Shutterstock

The link between stress and heart disease isn't totally clear, says the American Heart Association, but being under chronic stress can affect blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to heart issues. It can also cause many people to "manage" their stress with unhealthy behaviors like drinking and smoking, which can affect heart health.

美國心臟協(xié)會表示，壓力和心臟病之間的聯(lián)系還不是完全清楚，但長期處于壓力之下會影響血壓和心率，從而導致心臟問題。它還會導致許多人通過喝酒、抽煙等不健康的行為來“管理”自己的壓力，這可能會影響心臟健康。

Earlier research has shown that people who report high levels of stress — whether due to work or personal reasons — are at higher risk of heart attacks over the course of their lives.

早前的研究表明，那些自述壓力大的人——無論是由于工作還是個人原因——在他們的一生中心臟病發(fā)作的風險更高。

Stress and memory loss

壓力與記憶喪失

If you're constantly living a stressful life, you may be causing permanent damage to your memory and brain size. Ollyy/Shutterstock

Young adults and middle-aged people who experience stress on a regular basis may experience memory loss before they turn 50. An study published in the journal Neurology shows people with high levels of cortisol have impaired memory compared to people with average cortisol levels. These people experience impaired memory years before they show symptoms of long-term memory loss.

經(jīng)常承受壓力的年輕人和中年人在50歲之前可能會經(jīng)歷記憶力衰退。一項發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)學》雜志上的研究表明，與皮質(zhì)醇水平一般的人相比，皮質(zhì)醇水平高的人記憶力容易受損。這些人在表現(xiàn)出長期記憶喪失癥狀前幾年就經(jīng)歷了記憶受損。

Researchers studied 2,231 people with an average age of 49 who didn't suffer from dementia. Their memory and thinking skills and blood samples were tested eight years apart, and those with higher levels of cortisol scored lower on the test. MRI scans showed they even had smaller brain volume.

研究人員對平均年齡為49歲的2231名沒有患癡呆癥的人進行了研究。他們的記憶力、思維能力以及血液樣本的測試時間間隔為8年，皮質(zhì)醇水平較高的人在測試中的得分較低。核磁共振掃描顯示，他們的大腦體積甚至更小。

Stress and adrenal exhaustion

壓力和腎上腺衰竭

Cortisol helps us deal with stress, but too much of it can lead to adrenal exhaustion, which has a domino effect on the body’s symptoms. JUTARAT BUADOK/Shutterstock

Research has linked cortisol to body fat storage around the abdomen. In turn, piling on the pounds around the belly can lead to heart disease.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)皮質(zhì)醇與腹部脂肪儲存有關。反過來，腹部脂肪增加會導致心臟病。

Excessive cortisol flooding the bloodstream can lead to adrenal exhaustion. Some doctors believe adrenal exhaustion, when someone is constantly tired, is the main culprit behind every chronic disease. Dr. Lawrence Wilson isn't alone in thinking that the mainstream medical profession often fails to recognize adrenal burnout as a real health concern.

血液中過多的皮質(zhì)醇會導致腎上腺衰竭。一些醫(yī)生認為，經(jīng)常性的腎上腺疲勞是每一種慢性疾病的罪魁禍首。勞倫斯·威爾遜醫(yī)生并不是唯一一個認為主流醫(yī)學界常常沒有認識到腎上腺疲勞是一個真正的健康問題的人。

Stress and obesity

壓力和肥胖

The more cortisol in your body over time, the more likely you are to be overweight and have a thicker waist. Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock

People who suffer long-term stress may also be more prone to obesity, according to a study conducted by University College London researchers and published in the journal Obesity. The research, which involved examining hair samples for levels of cortisol, showed that exposure to higher levels of cortisol over several months is associated with being more heavily overweight and more persistently overweight.

根據(jù)倫敦大學學院的研究人員在《肥胖》雜志上發(fā)表的一項研究，長期承受壓力的人可能更容易肥胖。這項研究包括檢查頭發(fā)樣本中的皮質(zhì)醇水平，結果顯示，幾個月暴露在較高水平的皮質(zhì)醇之下，會導致更嚴重、更持久的超重。

While stress and weight long have been thought to go hand-in-hand (think stress eating and comfort foods), this study confirms the link by examining long-term cortisol levels in more than 2,500 men and women over a four-year period.

長期以來，壓力和體重一直被認為是密切相關的(想想壓力飲食和安慰食物)，這項研究通過對2500多名男性和女性在四年的時間里長期的皮質(zhì)醇水平進行檢測，證實了兩者之間的聯(lián)系。

Stress and weakened immune system

壓力會削弱免疫系統(tǒng)

An unhealthy diet consumed under prolonged stress can weaken your immune system. Tigger11th/Shutterstock

Stress makes your blood vessels dilate, your pupils enlarge, your breathing rapidly increase and your sweat glands kick into overdrive, contributing to adrenal fatigue. Eating an unhealthy diet can also play a role.

壓力會使你的血管擴張，瞳孔擴大，呼吸急促，汗腺超負荷運轉，導致腎上腺疲勞。不健康的飲食習慣也會起到一定的作用。

Eating the wrong foods over many years can break down the mucosal barrier in your gut. Think of the mucosal barrier as the body’s second skin as well as the body’s first line of defense against pathogens, or unwanted nasty critters invading your gut.

長期食用錯誤的食物會破壞腸道粘膜屏障。把粘膜屏障看作是身體的第二層皮膚，也是身體抵御病原體或有害生物入侵腸道的第一道防線。

Your immune system lies mostly in your gut, so if you have eaten poorly over the years, the integrity of the mucosal barrier system can become severely compromised. In the long run, digestion is compromised. With most of your immune system residing in your gut, your immune system will weaken.

你的免疫系統(tǒng)主要存在于你的腸道，所以如果你多年來吃得不好，粘膜屏障系統(tǒng)的完整性會嚴重受損。從長遠來看，消化系統(tǒng)會受到損害。由于你的大部分免疫系統(tǒng)都駐留在你的腸道里，你的免疫系統(tǒng)將會減弱。

Concerned about what stress has done to your body? Seek a medical professional or alternative health practitioner who understands adrenal fatigue and knows how to restore hormonal pathways. A nutritional approach to battling stress should also be applied.

擔心壓力對身體的影響?尋求了解腎上腺疲勞并知道如何恢復激素通路的專業(yè)醫(yī)師或替代健康醫(yī)生。還應該采用營養(yǎng)方法來對抗壓力。