一些專家對“懷孕期間攝入咖啡因并不安全”提出質(zhì)疑

一些專家對“懷孕期間攝入咖啡因并不安全”提出質(zhì)疑

There is no safe level of caffeine for a developing fetus, so women who are pregnant or considering pregnancy should abstain from coffee and other caffeine-containing products entirely, according to the author of a new review of literature.

一篇新的文獻(xiàn)綜述的作者說，對于發(fā)育中的胎兒來說，沒有安全的咖啡因含量，因此懷孕或考慮懷孕的婦女應(yīng)該完全戒掉咖啡和其他含咖啡因的產(chǎn)品。

But experts not involved in the review, which published Monday in the journal BMJ, question those conclusions.

但是，這篇綜述周一發(fā)表在《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上, 沒有參與這項(xiàng)綜述的專家對這些結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑。

There is no need for "immediate change to the current guidance" based on this research, said Dr. Christopher Zahn, vice president of practice activities for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

美國婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)會實(shí)踐活動副主席克里斯托弗·扎恩博士說，基于這項(xiàng)研究，沒有必要“立即改變目前的指導(dǎo)方針”。

"Our guidance remains that moderate caffeine consumption, less than 200 mg per day, does not appear to be a major contributing factor in miscarriage or preterm birth," Zahn told CNN in an email statement.

扎恩在電子郵件聲明中告訴CNN:“我們的指導(dǎo)意見仍然是，適量攝入咖啡因，每天少于200毫克，似乎不是導(dǎo)致流產(chǎn)或早產(chǎn)的主要因素。”

The United Kingdom's Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provided a similar statement.

英國皇家婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)院也發(fā)表了類似的聲明。

No cause and effect

無因果關(guān)系

The review looked at 37 observational studies on the link between caffeine and pregnancy outcomes and found "maternal caffeine consumption is reliably associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight and/or small for gestational age, childhood acute leukaemia and childhood overweight and obesity."

該綜述回顧了37項(xiàng)關(guān)于咖啡因與妊娠結(jié)局之間關(guān)系的觀察性研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)“孕婦攝入咖啡因與流產(chǎn)、死產(chǎn)、低出生體重和/或胎齡較小、兒童急性白血病、兒童超重和肥胖之間存在可靠聯(lián)系。”

There was no association with preterm birth, however.

然而，這與早產(chǎn)沒有關(guān)聯(lián)。

"The cumulative scientific evidence supports pregnant women and women contemplating pregnancy being advised to avoid caffeine," said study author Jack James, a professor of psychology at Reykjavik University in Iceland, in a statement.

該研究的作者、冰島雷克雅未克大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授杰克•詹姆斯在一份聲明中說:“累積的科學(xué)證據(jù)支持建議孕婦和考慮懷孕的女性避免攝入咖啡因。”

Current health guidelines on caffeine consumption during pregnancy, which typically advise pregnant women to keep caffeine consumption at 200 milligrams or less a day, are in need of "radical revision," James said.

目前關(guān)于懷孕期間咖啡因攝入的健康指南，通常建議孕婦每天攝入200毫克或更少的咖啡因，需要“徹底的修改”，詹姆斯說。

Prevalence of caffeine

流行的咖啡因

Sticking to the 200 miillgrams or less of caffeine a day can be difficult unless a pregnant woman carefully monitors her caffeine intake. That limit can be easily reached -- and exceeded -- by a single cuppa at many coffee shops.

堅(jiān)持每天攝入200微克或更少的咖啡因是很困難的，除非孕婦仔細(xì)監(jiān)控自己的咖啡因攝入量。在很多咖啡店里，一杯咖啡就能輕松達(dá)到甚至超過這個限量。

For example, a 16-ounce cup of Starbucks Blonde Roast coffee contains 360 milligrams of caffeine; and a 14-ounce medium cup of regular Dunkin' coffee has 210 milligrams.

例如，一杯16盎司的星巴克金色烘焙咖啡含有360毫克咖啡因;而一杯14盎司的中杯普通唐金咖啡含有210毫克。

Decaf coffee contains between 9 and 14 milligrams of caffeine and is therefore a better choice, experts say.

專家說，脫咖啡因咖啡含有9到14毫克咖啡因，因此是更好的選擇。

Besides coffee, caffeine can be found in a number of foods and drinks that a mom-to-be might consume, such as tea, soda, energy drinks and chocolate. That can also make it difficult for a pregnant woman to realize just how much caffeine she might be consuming.

除了咖啡，準(zhǔn)媽媽們吃的很多食物和飲料中都含有咖啡因，比如茶、蘇打水、能量飲料和巧克力。這也會讓孕婦很難意識到自己到底攝入了多少咖啡因。

For example, Coca-Cola contains 34 milligrams of caffeine in each 12-ounce can, while Diet Coke contains 46 milligrams. A bar of Hershey's dark chocolate contains 20 milligrams, but some candies add extra caffeine for energy boost: a bar of Snickers Charge has 60 milligrams.

例如，每罐12盎司的可口可樂含有34毫克咖啡因，而健怡可樂含有46毫克咖啡因。一塊好時黑巧克力含有20毫克咖啡因，但有些糖果會添加額外的咖啡因以增加能量:一塊士力架的咖啡因含量為60毫克。

And here is another factor to consider: The body removes caffeine much more slowly from the mother's blood during pregnancy, according to the World Health Organization.

還有另一個需要考慮的因素:根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，懷孕期間身體從母親血液中去除咖啡因的速度要慢得多。