研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，流感和肺炎疫苗可以降低患阿爾茲海默癥的風(fēng)險

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，流感和肺炎疫苗可以降低患阿爾茲海默癥的風(fēng)險

It turns out that flu and pneumonia shots may be good for more than what their names suggest.

事實證明，流感和肺炎疫苗的好處可能遠(yuǎn)不止它們的名字所暗示的那樣。

Not only does getting a shot reduce your chances of coming down with a nasty infection, but getting vaccinated may also reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in the future, according to two separate abstracts presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Monday.

在周一的阿爾茨海默癥協(xié)會國際會議上，兩份獨立的摘要顯示，接種疫苗不僅可以降低你感染嚴(yán)重疾病的幾率，而且還可以降低你未來患阿爾茨海默癥的風(fēng)險。

"This is an encouraging finding that builds upon prior evidence that vaccination against common infections diseases -- such as the flu -- is associated with a reduced risk for Alzheimer's and a delay in disease onset," said neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, founder of the Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic at NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medical Center, who was not involved in the study.

神經(jīng)學(xué)家理查德·艾薩克森博士說：“這是一個令人鼓舞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，它建立在先前證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上，即預(yù)防常見傳染病(如流感)的疫苗接種可以降低阿爾茲海默癥的風(fēng)險，延緩疾病的發(fā)生。”他是紐約長老會和威爾康奈爾醫(yī)學(xué)中心阿爾茲海默癥預(yù)防診所的創(chuàng)始人，他沒有參與這項研究。

"Regular use of the flu vaccine, especially starting at an early age, may help prevent viral infections that could cause cascading effects on the immune system and inflammatory pathways. These viral infections may trigger Alzheimers related cognitive decline," Isaacson said.

“經(jīng)常使用流感疫苗，尤其是在幼年時期，可能有助于防止病毒感染，這種病毒感染可能會對免疫系統(tǒng)和炎癥途徑造成連鎖效應(yīng)。這些病毒感染可能會引發(fā)阿爾茨海默癥，導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知能力下降。

But experts say more studies are needed to pin down the relationship between getting those vaccines and the reduced risk.

但是專家說需要更多的研究來確定接種疫苗和降低風(fēng)險之間的關(guān)系。

There is no cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) yet, but research shows paying attention to certain key lifestyle factors -- including getting proper sleep, nutrition and exercise -- may influence a person's individual risk. Getting vaccinated may fall into that category.

目前還沒有治愈阿爾茨海默癥(AD)的方法，但研究表明，關(guān)注某些關(guān)鍵的生活方式因素(包括獲得適當(dāng)?shù)乃?、營養(yǎng)和鍛煉)可能會影響一個人的個人風(fēng)險。接種疫苗就屬于這一類。

If getting vaccinated for flu or pneumonia, just on its own, can reduce the risk of Alzheimer's, then these are important messages to get out to the public, Alzheimer's Association chief science officer Maria Carrillo told CNN.

阿爾茨海默病協(xié)會首席科學(xué)官瑪麗亞·卡里略對CNN說，如果僅僅靠接種流感或肺炎疫苗就能降低患阿爾茲海默癥的風(fēng)險，那么這些都是向公眾傳達(dá)的重要信息。

"We do need more research to understand what that connection is," said Carrillo, who oversees research initiatives for the association.

“我們確實需要更多的研究來了解這種聯(lián)系是什么，”負(fù)責(zé)該協(xié)會研究計劃的卡里略說。

"Is it direct, the vaccine to disease? Or is it protective, as a part of the risk reduction strategies that we have, like lower your BMI (body mass index), watch your sugar intake, keep an eye on your cholesterol and high blood pressure, exercise, get vaccinated," she added. "It's one of those sort of health tips that we need to make sure that our public knows about."

“疫苗是直接預(yù)防疾病的嗎?”還是保護(hù)性的，作為我們降低風(fēng)險策略的一部分，比如降低你的BMI(身體質(zhì)量指數(shù))，注意你的糖攝入量，注意你的膽固醇和高血壓，鍛煉，接種疫苗，”她補(bǔ)充道。“這是我們需要確保公眾知道的健康建議之一。”

Influenza vaccine and AD

流感疫苗和阿爾茲海默癥

The first study, presented by Albert Amran, a fourth-year medical student with McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, examined a large American health record data set of more than 9,000 patients over the age of 60. The researchers found having one flu vaccination was associated with a 17% reduction in Alzheimer's incidence. Those who were vaccinated more than once over the years saw an additional 13% reduction in incidence.

第一項研究是由休斯頓德克薩斯大學(xué)健康科學(xué)中心麥戈文醫(yī)學(xué)院四年級醫(yī)學(xué)生艾伯特·阿姆蘭提出的，他研究了一個包含9000多名60歲以上患者的大型美國健康記錄數(shù)據(jù)集。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，接種一次流感疫苗可以使阿爾茲海默癥的發(fā)病率降低17%。那些在過去幾年中接種過一次以上疫苗的人的發(fā)病率又下降了13%。

The protective association appeared to be strongest for those who received their first vaccine at a younger age, for example at age 60 versus 70.

在較早時接種第一次疫苗的人，例如在60歲與70歲之間，這種保護(hù)性關(guān)聯(lián)似乎最強(qiáng)。

"There has been a concern in the medical community that many sources of inflammation, such as urinary tract infections, worsen the course of patients with Alzheimer's disease," Amran told CNN. "Hence, we have been worried that vaccinations, a form of inflammation, could also worsen the course of AD."

阿姆蘭告訴CNN:“醫(yī)學(xué)界一直擔(dān)心，許多炎癥的來源，比如尿道感染，會使阿爾茨海默癥患者的病情惡化。”“因此，我們一直擔(dān)心，作為一種炎癥，接種疫苗也會使阿爾茲海默癥的病程惡化。”

Pneumonia vaccine and AD

肺炎疫苗和阿爾茲海默癥

The second abstract examined the associations between pneumococcal vaccine, with and without an accompanying flu shot, and the risk of Alzheimer's. The study analyzed over 5,000 people over 65 who were participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a long-term government funded look at risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

第二篇摘要研究了肺炎球菌疫苗(含或不含流感疫苗)與阿爾茨海默病風(fēng)險之間的關(guān)系。這項研究分析了5000名65歲以上的人，他們參加了心血管健康研究，這是一項由政府長期資助的研究心血管疾病風(fēng)險因素的研究。

Some of the participants had a known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's: the rs2075650 G allelein the TOMM40 gene, which has also been linked to a higher risk for lifetime depression.

一些參與者有一種已知的阿爾茨海默病的遺傳風(fēng)險因素:TOMM40基因中的rs2075650 G等位基因，這種基因也與終生抑郁的高風(fēng)險有關(guān)。

The researchers found that getting a pneumococcal vaccine between the ages of 65-75 reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's by 25 to 30% after adjusting for sex, race, birth cohort, education, smoking and genetic risk factors.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在調(diào)整性別、種族、出生隊列、教育、吸煙和遺傳風(fēng)險因素后，在65-75歲之間接種肺炎球菌疫苗可使患老年癡呆癥的風(fēng)險降低25% - 30%。

However, the largest reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's -- up to 40% -- was seen among people vaccinated against pneumonia who didn't have the risk gene.

然而，患阿爾茨海默癥的風(fēng)險降低幅度最大，高達(dá)40%，是那些接種了肺炎疫苗卻沒有這種風(fēng)險基因的人。