如何清洗蔬菜內(nèi)的殺蟲劑?
如何清洗蔬菜內(nèi)的殺蟲劑?
In its April 2020 report, the Environmental Work, a US non-profit organization working on the environment, studied and published a list of the 12 most abundant pesticide residues; At the same time, suggest 15 safe, little or no food or vegetable protection products in the United States.
美國非營利環(huán)保組織“環(huán)境工作”在其2020年4月的報告中研究并公布了12種最豐富的農(nóng)藥殘留;同時，建議在美國使用15種安全、很少或不含食品或蔬菜保護(hù)的產(chǎn)品。
According to the Environmental Work organization, the list of 12 fruits and vegetables with the most pesticide residue in the United States includes: Strawberries, spinach, kale, nectarines, apples, grapes, peaches, cherries, pears, tomatoes, celery and potatoes.
根據(jù)環(huán)境工作組織，美國農(nóng)藥殘留最多的12種水果和蔬菜包括:草莓，菠菜，甘藍(lán)，油桃，蘋果，葡萄，桃子，櫻桃，梨，西紅柿，芹菜和土豆。
In addition to the list of most pesticide-containing vegetables and fruits, the Environmental Work organization also launched 15 clean and safe vegetables and fruits of 2020 including: Avocado, sweet corn, pineapple, onion, papaya, frozen peas, eggplant, asparagus, cauliflower, melon, broccoli, mushrooms, cabbage, pear melon, kiwi.
除了公布了農(nóng)藥含量最高的蔬菜水果名單，環(huán)保工作組織還在2020年推出了15種清潔安全的蔬菜水果，包括:鱷梨、甜玉米、菠蘿、洋蔥、木瓜、冷凍豌豆、茄子、蘆筍、花菜、甜瓜、西蘭花、蘑菇、卷心菜、梨瓜、獼猴桃。
Ways to reduce pesticides in vegetables
減少蔬菜中殺蟲劑的方法
1. Peel fruit
削去水果皮
Many fruits and vegetables have natural fruit wax on their skin, non-invasive water-soluble insecticides and fat-soluble pesticides that are only superficial. In this case, just peel and eat normally. Peeling is a very safe way to remove pesticides, with an efficiency rate of more than 90%. Of course, this method is not suitable for green vegetables, but if it is cabbage wrapped in leaves and kale, discarding 2 to 3 outside leaves is also quite safe.
許多水果和蔬菜的皮上有天然的水果蠟，非侵入性水溶性殺蟲劑和脂溶性殺蟲劑，只是表面的。在這種情況下，只要剝皮正常吃就可以。脫皮是一種非常安全的除害方法，除害效率可達(dá)90%以上。當(dāng)然，這種方法并不適用于綠色蔬菜，但如果是包著葉子的白菜和甘藍(lán)，丟棄外面的2 - 3片葉子也是相當(dāng)安全的。
2. Blanch over boiling water
用沸水焯一下
Blanching with hot water is also a good way to remove pesticide residues. Using hot water, the solubility rate of pesticides is higher than cold water. In general, it is best to blanch the bulbs for 1 to 2 minutes. Many leafy greens are also suitable for this method, especially those that are high in oxalic acid. Blanching hot water can not only eliminate pesticide residues but also partially remove oxalic acid.
用熱水焯也是去除農(nóng)藥殘留的好方法。使用熱水時，農(nóng)藥的溶解度高于冷水。一般來說，最好焯水1到2分鐘。許多綠葉蔬菜也適合這種方法，尤其是那些草酸含量高的蔬菜。熱水焯水不僅可以去除農(nóng)藥殘留，還可以部分去除草酸。
However, this method also has a major disadvantage that blanching hot water can cause nutrient loss in food. In fact, the vitamins and other nutrients in vegetables do not heat, normal cooking has also lost some nutrients. If you blanch the hot water before cooking, the nutrients will be lost.
然而，這種方法也有一個主要的缺點，即熱水過燙會導(dǎo)致食物中的營養(yǎng)流失。其實，蔬菜中的維生素和其他營養(yǎng)素不加熱，正常烹飪也失去了一些營養(yǎng)素。如果你在烹飪前把熱水燙過，營養(yǎng)就會流失。
3. Wash fruits and vegetables under running water
用自來水清洗水果和蔬菜
In the process of caring for fruits and vegetables, many farmers spray insecticides on leaves and stems to protect crops from damage. A significant amount of pesticide also accumulates on the outer surface of fruits and vegetables. To remove pesticide residues from purchased fruit and vegetables, the first thing you should pay attention to is to wash them under running water before eating.
在照料水果和蔬菜的過程中，許多農(nóng)民在葉子和莖上噴灑殺蟲劑，以保護(hù)農(nóng)作物免受損害。大量的農(nóng)藥也會在水果和蔬菜的外表面堆積。購買的水果和蔬菜要去除農(nóng)藥殘留，首先要注意的是在吃之前用流水清洗。
Washing fruits and vegetables under running water does not simply eliminate pesticides because they are water soluble, but rubbing while washing also helps to remove impurities. Fruits like grapes, apples, strawberries, guavas, blueberries, plums, peaches, and pears, as well as vegetables like tomatoes, eggplants, green beans and okra can be cleaned using this method.
因為水果和蔬菜是溶于水的，所以用自來水清洗水果和蔬菜并不能簡單地去除農(nóng)藥，而且清洗時揉搓也有助于去除雜質(zhì)。葡萄、蘋果、草莓、番石榴、藍(lán)莓、李子、桃子、梨等水果，以及西紅柿、茄子、青豆、秋葵等蔬菜，都可以用這種方法清洗。
