為什么有些人對Covid-19的免疫抗體在短時間內就消失了?

為什么有些人對Covid-19的免疫抗體在短時間內就消失了?

Is it true that those who have contracted Covid-19 and are immune to this virus? If so, how long? An antibody study by the Helmholtz Institute will shed some light on this.

那些感染了Covid-19并對該病毒有免疫力的人，這是真的嗎?如果有，多長時間?亥姆霍茲研究所的一項抗體研究將對此有所揭示。

After being infected - Corona will be immune - which is the hope of many people when the beginning of the pandemic - Covid-19. Even the whole concept of herd immunity is based on this notion. However, many studies show that antibodies exist only limited in the blood. What this means?

在感染后，冠狀病毒將具有免疫力——這是許多人在Covid-19大流行開始時的希望。甚至整個群體免疫的概念都是基于這個。然而，許多研究表明，抗體只存在于血液中。這意味著什么呢?

During the corona pandemic many hope for immunity - after undergoing infection or through an upcoming vaccination. Both of these can help the immune system fight off pathogenic viruses and protect people from the risk of Covid-19 disease.

在冠狀病毒大流行期間，許多人希望獲得免疫——在感染后或通過即將進行的疫苗接種。這兩種方法都可以幫助免疫系統(tǒng)抗擊致病性病毒，保護人們免受Covid-19疾病的風險。

But many studies show that, in people with few or no symptoms at all, just a short time after being infected, the antibodies in the blood can no longer be found. It is not clear what this means for immunity.

但許多研究表明，在幾乎沒有癥狀或根本沒有癥狀的人身上，在感染后很短時間內，血液中的抗體就再也找不到了。目前尚不清楚這對豁免意味著什么。

However, the observations give rise to suspicion of antibody tests and the current controversy over immunological certifications. Even the development of vaccines needs to understand the immunity to Sars-CoV-2.

然而，這些觀察引起了對抗體測試的懷疑和目前對免疫學認證的爭議。即使是疫苗的開發(fā)也需要了解對Sars-CoV-2的免疫力。

Immune reactions do not seem to be consistent in everyone. Basically the immune system reacts to the so-called T-cells in disease-causing organisms. Some -T cells activate B-cells, then produce antibodies. Antibodies bind to certain traits of an infected animal and can inactivate them.

免疫反應似乎在每個人身上都不一致?；旧?，免疫系統(tǒng)會對病原體中的t細胞產生反應。一些-T細胞激活b細胞，然后產生抗體?？贵w與受感染動物的某些特性結合并能使其失去活性。

In mild cases, it is difficult to detect Covid 19 antibodies quickly

在輕度病例中，很難快速檢測到Covid 19抗體

At first glance, the presence of special antibodies is a good sign of the previous infection. However, a study by Zürich University hospital in people with mild or asymptomatic disease progression did not show the so-called IgG-antibody in the blood.

乍一看，特殊抗體的存在是以前感染的良好跡象。然而，蘇黎世大學醫(yī)院的一項研究表明，輕度或無癥狀疾病進展的患者血液中沒有顯示所謂的IgG抗體。

This is important for immune memory - whereby the immune system is exposed to the pathogen again and more quickly. The study so far is only a preprint - that is, it has not been tested or published by a specialist in a thematic journal.

這對免疫記憶很重要，因為免疫系統(tǒng)可以更快地再次接觸到病原體。到目前為止，這項研究只是一份預印本——也就是說，它還沒有經過專家的測試或在主題期刊上發(fā)表。

Another study published by the Lübeck health agency is also considered a preprint according to which 30% of the 110 people infected with Corona also have moderate symptoms of Covid-19 and no antibodies. In the journal Nature Medicine, Chinese researchers said that those infected without symptoms, the antibody concentration in the blood after only a short time has decreased significantly.

呂貝克衛(wèi)生機構發(fā)表的另一項研究也被認為是預印本，根據該研究，110名冠狀病毒感染者中有30%也有Covid-19的中度癥狀，且無抗體。在《自然醫(yī)學》雜志上，中國研究人員說，那些感染后沒有癥狀的人，血液中的抗體濃度在短時間內就已經顯著下降。

Covid 19 suspicious immune certificate

Covid 19可疑免疫證書

From what should be on Thomas Jacobs of the Bernhard-Nocht Institute in Hamburg on tropical medicine (BNITM) is skeptical about granting immune certificates to people who have been infected with Sars-CoV-2. There is nothing scientifically proven that the presence of antibodies in itself can protect against a new infection.

漢堡Bernhard-Nocht熱帶醫(yī)學研究所的托馬斯·雅各布斯對向感染Sars-CoV-2的人頒發(fā)免疫證書持懷疑態(tài)度。沒有任何科學證據證明，抗體本身的存在可以防止新的感染。

Klaus, president of the Paul-Ehrlich Institute (PEI), emphasized that it is necessary to distinguish antibodies: "The types of antibodies differ in quality and not all can hinder infection." It is important to find hard data: Whether or not to form an immunity, this must be measured in practice.

Paul-Ehrlich研究所所長克勞斯強調區(qū)分抗體是必要的:“抗體的類型在質量上不同，并不是所有的抗體都能阻止感染。”重要的是要找到確鑿的數據:無論是否形成免疫，都必須在實踐中加以衡量。

The truth about the Covid-19 immune system

Covid-19免疫系統(tǒng)的真相

This adaptive immune system makes sense, because in everyday life we ??are often exposed to germs. If we can respond with light weapons, then there's no need to bring cannons to fight.

這種適應性免疫系統(tǒng)是有意義的，因為在日常生活中我們經常暴露在細菌中。如果我們能用輕武器反擊，那么就沒有必要用大炮來戰(zhàn)斗了。

In the case of severe illness due to Covid-19, it is likely that the disease here has formed a long-term protection and protection mechanism.

在因Covid-19引起的嚴重疾病中，這里的疾病可能已經形成了長期的保護和保護機制。

There may be partial immunity of Covid 19

Covid 19可能有部分免疫

In this regard, the infection researcher has taken note of studies conducted in the United States and Germany: up to 30% of people who are not infected with Sars-CoV-2, but some certain T-helper cells, which respond to this virus: "They may have been exposed to the so-called Common-Cold-Coronaviren" - that is, to other types of virus which causes the common cold.

在這方面,感染研究者注意到研究在美國和德國:高達30%的人沒有感染Sars-CoV-2,但某些輔助細胞,應對這種病毒:“這些熊可能已經暴露在所謂Common-Cold-Coronaviren”——也就是說,與其他類型的病毒引起感冒。

Such exposure may produce a partial immunization against Covid-19. This explains why, when infected, there are differences in motivation and symptoms, Jacobs conjectures. It remains unclear how this protection and reactivation of this T-cell functions.

這種接觸可能產生對Covid-19的部分免疫。雅各布斯推測，這解釋了為什么在感染時，動機和癥狀會有所不同。目前還不清楚這種保護和激活t細胞的功能。