在美國(guó)，每15分鐘就有一個(gè)人死于耐藥性超級(jí)細(xì)菌

Every 15 minutes, someone in the United States dies of a superbug that has learned to outsmart even our most sophisticated antibiotics, according to a new report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心的一份新報(bào)告稱(chēng)，美國(guó)每15分鐘就有一個(gè)人死于一種超級(jí)細(xì)菌，這種細(xì)菌已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)如何智勝我們最先進(jìn)的抗生素。
That's about 35,000 deaths each year from drug-resistant infections, according to the landmark report.
根據(jù)這份具有里程碑意義的報(bào)告，每年約有3.5萬(wàn)人死于耐藥感染。
The report places five drug-resistant superbugs on the CDC's "urgent threat" list -- two more germs than were on the CDC's list in 2013, the last time the agency issued a report on antibiotic resistance.
該報(bào)告將5種耐藥超級(jí)細(xì)菌列入了CDC的“緊急威脅”名單——比2013年CDC上一次發(fā)布抗生素耐藥性報(bào)告時(shí)多了兩種細(xì)菌。
Genetic research shows germs have become especially adept at teaching each other how to outwit antibiotics.
基因研究表明，細(xì)菌特別擅長(zhǎng)教彼此如何戰(zhàn)勝抗生素。
"Some miracle drugs no longer perform miracles," according to the report. The report also notes that while superbug infections in hospitals are down, some infections caught elsewhere -- anywhere in the community -- have increased.
報(bào)告稱(chēng):“一些神奇的藥物不再產(chǎn)生奇跡。”報(bào)告還指出，雖然醫(yī)院的超級(jí)細(xì)菌感染有所減少，但在社區(qū)其他地方發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些感染病例有所增加。
"This is a problem that ultimately affects all of us," said Michael Craig, a CDC senior adviser on antibiotic resistance. "It literally has the potential to affect every person on the planet."
“這是一個(gè)最終影響到我們所有人的問(wèn)題，”美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心抗生素耐藥性問(wèn)題高級(jí)顧問(wèn)邁克爾·克雷格說(shuō)。“它確實(shí)有可能影響地球上的每一個(gè)人。”
Anyone can catch a superbug anywhere
任何人都可能在任何地方感染超級(jí)細(xì)菌
While superbugs typically attack frail, elderly people, anyone can contract a superbug.
雖然超級(jí)細(xì)菌通常攻擊體弱的老年人，但任何人都可能感染超級(jí)細(xì)菌。
Peggy Lillis was a healthy, vibrant 56-year-old teacher in Brooklyn, who woke up one morning 10 years ago with severe diarrhea.
佩吉·莉利斯是布魯克林一位健康、充滿(mǎn)活力的56歲教師，10年前的一天早上，她醒來(lái)時(shí)患上了嚴(yán)重的腹瀉。 "Being a kindergarten teacher, she just assumed that she caught something from one of the kids or maybe she had food poisoning. She did not think it was a serious threat. None of us did," remembers her son, Christian Lillis.
“作為一名幼兒園老師，她只是認(rèn)為自己受到孩子的傳染，或者可能是食物中毒了。她不認(rèn)為這是個(gè)嚴(yán)重的威脅。她的兒子克里斯蒂安•利利斯回憶道。
Five days later, Peggy was so sick she could barely move.
五天后，佩吉病得幾乎不能動(dòng)彈。
Doctors immediately admitted Peggy to the intensive care unit. She had Clostridioides difficile, or C. diff, one of the urgent threats on the CDC's list.
醫(yī)生立即讓佩吉住進(jìn)了重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室。她患有艱難梭狀芽胞桿菌(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)C. diff)，這是疾控中心名單上的緊急威脅之一。
Peggy kidneys were starting to fail, and she was going into septic shock.
The hospital gave Peggy an antibiotic called vancomycin, both intravenously and by enema. But she died the next day -- less than a week after becoming ill.
佩吉的腎臟開(kāi)始衰竭，她進(jìn)入感染性休克。醫(yī)院給佩吉開(kāi)了一種叫做萬(wàn)古霉素的抗生素，既可以靜脈注射，也可以灌腸。但她第二天就去世了——離她生病還不到一周。
"The doctors at the hospital where she was treated -- they did everything they could for her," Christian said. "But bacteria are evolving at a rate that we are not keeping up with."
克里斯蒂安說(shuō):“她所在醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生為她做了一切可以做的事情。”“但細(xì)菌的進(jìn)化速度是我們跟不上的。”
Christian says they'll never know exactly where or when his mother picked up the C. diff bacteria.
克里斯蒂安說(shuō)，他們永遠(yuǎn)不知道他的母親是在何時(shí)何地感染了C. diff細(xì)菌。 FIghting antibiotic resistance
與抗生素耐藥性作斗爭(zhēng)
The answer to the antibiotic resistance crisis is not more powerful antibiotics, according to the new report.
根據(jù)這份新報(bào)告，抗生素耐藥性危機(jī)的對(duì)策不是更強(qiáng)效的抗生素。
Antibiotics are slow to come to market, and germs will one day render them ineffective anyway, CDC Director Dr. Robert Redfield notes in his introduction to the report.
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心主任羅伯特·雷德菲爾德博士在報(bào)告的前言中指出，抗生素進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的速度很慢，細(xì)菌總有一天會(huì)讓它們失效。
"We need to adopt aggressive strategies that keep the germs away and infections from occurring in the first place," Redfield wrote.
“我們需要采取積極的策略，從一開(kāi)始就防止細(xì)菌和感染的發(fā)生，”雷德菲爾德寫(xiě)道。
The key is to use antibiotics less. With less exposure, germs have fewer opportunities to learn how to fight them.
關(guān)鍵是少用抗生素。由于接觸較少，細(xì)菌學(xué)習(xí)如何對(duì)抗細(xì)菌的機(jī)會(huì)就較少。
CDC estimates that about a third of prescriptions for antibiotics in emergency rooms and doctors' offices were given for infections that didn't need them. That's 47 million unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions each year.
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心估計(jì)，在急診室和醫(yī)生辦公室開(kāi)出的抗生素處方中，約有三分之一是用于治療不需要抗生素的感染。每年有4700萬(wàn)不必要的抗生素處方藥。