不是所有婦女在分娩過程中都能獲得助產(chǎn)士的幫助

Nandi Hill rushed to Emily Rose's home at the crack of dawn.
天剛破曉，南迪·希爾就趕到了艾米麗·羅斯家。 The car was packed with Hill's supplies: oxygen tank, hemorrhaging drugs, umbilical cord scissors, stethoscope and blood pressure cuffs, among other tools.
車上裝滿了希爾的用品:氧氣罐、大出血藥物、臍帶剪、聽診器和血壓袖帶等工具。
Hill, a licensed and certified professional midwife and founder of Wadada Midwifery Care in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was excited that, on that day in March, the time had come to help Rose bring a baby girl into the world with an at-home water birth.
希爾是一位有執(zhí)照的專業(yè)助產(chǎn)士，也是新墨西哥州阿爾伯克基市Wadada Midwifery Care公司的創(chuàng)始人。今年3月的那一天，她很興奮地告訴大家，是時候幫助羅斯在家里進(jìn)行水中分娩了。
"On the drive there, I become peaceful and grounded and focused on my job and what I'm there to do -- and that's to make sure everyone's normal and safe," Hill said.
希爾說:“開車去那里的路上，我變得平和、踏實(shí)、專注于我的工作和我要做的事情——那就是確保每個人都是正常和安全的。”
At a healthy 41 weeks pregnant, Rose took deep breaths while sitting in a small pool filled with water in her living room.
懷孕41周的羅斯身體健康，她坐在客廳里一個小水池里做了幾次深呼吸。
She moaned and grunted, and then suddenly her baby girl was born. This was Rose's second pregnancy and birth.
她呻吟著，突然，她的寶貝女兒出生了。這是羅斯的第二次懷孕和分娩。
As part of the standard midwifery care that Hill provides, she checked on Rose weekly after the birth. Hill asked about Rose's bleeding, which is often experienced after delivery, and asked how Rose was feeling -- was she stressed or sad -- among other questions.
希爾提供的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)助產(chǎn)護(hù)理的一部分包括每周都會去羅斯那里為她檢查。希爾詢問了羅斯的出血情況，這通常是在分娩后發(fā)生的，她還問了羅斯的感覺如何，緊張還是悲傷以及其他問題。 The states that integrate midwives into care
將助產(chǎn)士納入護(hù)理的州
Midwives are not medical doctors and there are services they are unable to provide -- such as blood transfusions or cesarean sections. An obstetrician would step in when that type of care is needed.
助產(chǎn)士不是醫(yī)生，他們無法提供輸血或剖腹產(chǎn)等服務(wù)。這種護(hù)理是產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生的事。
A study published last year in the journal Plos One ranked all 50 states based on how much the three professional designations for midwives -- certified nurse-midwives, certified professional midwives and certified midwives -- are integrated into regional health systems. New Mexico ranked second among states with the most integration.
去年發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究對全美50個州進(jìn)行了排名，根據(jù)助產(chǎn)士的三種職業(yè)稱號——認(rèn)證護(hù)士助產(chǎn)士、認(rèn)證專業(yè)助產(chǎn)士和認(rèn)證助產(chǎn)士融入了地區(qū)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的程度。新墨西哥州在一體化程度最高的州中排名第二。
Based on data from 2014 to 2015, the five states that ranked highest for integration were:
根據(jù)2014年至2015年的數(shù)據(jù)，一體化程度最高的五個國家是:
1.    Washington
華盛頓
2.    New Mexico
新墨西哥
3.    Oregon
俄勒岡州
4.    New Jersey
新澤西
5.    New York
紐約
Help from labor assistants
分娩助理的幫助
In the United States, about 700 women die each year from pregnancy or delivery complications -- more than any other developed nation -- and black and Native American women are about three times as likely to die from such complications as white women.
在美國，每年約有700名婦女死于妊娠或分娩并發(fā)癥——比任何其他發(fā)達(dá)國家都多——黑人和美國原住民婦女死于妊娠或分娩并發(fā)癥的可能性是白人婦女的三倍。
To help reduce that racial gap, some maternal health and advocacy groups suggest that the personalized services from midwives or labor assistants, sometimes referred to as doulas, could be a solution.
為了幫助縮小這種種族差距，一些孕產(chǎn)婦健康和倡導(dǎo)團(tuán)體建議，助產(chǎn)士或分娩助理提供的個性化服務(wù)可能是一個解決方案。
Labor assistants differ from midwives in that while they provide support and comfort during delivery, they do not provide medical advice nor can they change the clinical recommendations of a midwife or an obstetrician.
分娩助理與助產(chǎn)士的區(qū)別在于，分娩助理在分娩過程中提供支持和安慰，但他們不提供醫(yī)療建議，也不能改變助產(chǎn)士或產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生的臨床建議。