看看就好的5種最危險的運動

Extreme sports tend to draw people in for the adrenaline rush and action. However, most of them can be done safely – for the most part. But like anything, there are exceptions. The more extreme you get, the more dangerous the risky it becomes, and the more thrilling it is to the athletes doing them. So what are the most dangerous extreme sports? Here we have some of the top 5 most thrilling, hazardous, and deadly sports around. Some of them may surprise you!

人們常常因為腎上腺素激增和炫酷的動作而被極限運動所吸引。不過，大多數(shù)極限運動的絕大部分都可以安全完成。但任何事情都有例外。動作越極限，它的危險性就越高，而運動員完成這些動作就越令人興奮。所以最危險的極限運動是什么呢?以下我們列出了5種最刺激、最冒險并且最致命的運動。其中一些或許能讓你頗感意外。

Big Wave Surfing

With how common surfing is, it’s surprising this sport made it on the list. However, I’m not talking about your normal surfing. To count as big wave surfing, the wave should be at least 20 feet tall! There are so many hazards to this sport that you may not think of.

First off, waves this big are extremely powerful. In a big wipeout, surfers can be pushed 20 to 50 feet (6.2 to 15.5 m) below the surface. On top of that, it’s easy to get disoriented under the water from a wave that powerful, and it’s imperative that they can regain their equilibrium quickly – and get to the surface before the next wave comes, usually less than 20 seconds later. The waves are the biggest risk to surfers, due to being held down by the waves. Surviving one wave is challenging enough, and surviving three is almost unheard of.

Apart from just drowning, there’s also the factor of the ocean floor. No matter what it is – sand, rocks, or coral, it can all be hazardous to the surfer. When it comes to big wave surfing, all waves are strong enough to make even a sandy ocean floor feel like concrete. Rocks are a no brainer. Getting pummeled into a rock surface will almost definitely injure you. Finally, coral will cut you like razors, and even leave broken pieces in your skin that could potentially become infected afterwards.

Big Wave Surfing World Record

Tallest wave ever surfed – 78-foot tall wave in Portugal was surfed by Garrett McNamara in 2011.

巨浪沖浪

沖浪十分常見，所以這項運動能出現(xiàn)在這個榜單里很讓人意外吧?不過，這里所說的不是普通的沖浪。能算得上巨浪的，那得是至少6米高的浪。這項運動中存在了諸多你想不到的危險。

首先，這么高的海浪威力極大。被這樣的巨浪打翻，沖浪者會被拍進海面以下6.2米至15.5米。此外，如此威力的海浪，在水下很容易失去方位感，必須盡快重新掌握平衡并且在下一個海浪襲來之前浮出海面，通常時間不會超過20秒。對于沖浪者來說，海浪是最危險，因為他們會被海浪壓制到水下。能戰(zhàn)勝一個巨浪已經(jīng)很具挑戰(zhàn)了，戰(zhàn)勝三個幾乎聞所未聞。

除了溺水以外，海床也是一個因素。無論是沙子，還是巖石，或者是珊瑚，對沖浪者來說都是危險因素。當涉及到巨浪沖浪時，所有的海浪都十分強勁足以使得含沙的海床像是混凝土一般。巖石就更不用說了。撞到巖石上絕對會讓你受傷。最后，珊瑚會像刀片一樣劃傷你，甚至留在皮膚中破碎的珊瑚殘渣之后可能會讓你受到感染。

巨浪沖浪世界紀錄

2011年，Garrett McNamara在葡萄牙征服了23.7米的巨浪。

Street Luging

Have a need for speed? Then you might want to look into street luging! But first, there’s a lot to this simple sport that can go wrong. Street luging was originally developed when skateboarders realized they could lie down on their boards to go faster. It has since evolved into its own sport, with more refined boards specific to this sport – boards that don’t have breaks.

Because your body is flat when street luging, there is little to no wind resistance, which helps the rider to go faster down the road. However, because the rider’s body is so close to the ground, it’s easy to hit body parts against the pavement even just by simple steering. Think about it – even just grazing your elbow against the ground while going 80 miles per hour could potentially skin you to the bone, which in turn could make you crash. And while riders can get protective gear – suits and helmets – many riders feel like the extra weight only slows them down.

The most common injuries in street luging are bruises, broken bones, or dislocated joints; although there are no dependable statistics yet about deaths. If you’re not doing this insane sport on a closed road, you have the added hazard of potential vehicles on the road, with collision being difficult to avoid.

The simplicity of street luge could be what draws so many people in – is it enough to peak your interest?

Street Luging World Record:

Fastest speed – 101 miles per hour (164 km/h) in Quebec, Canada by Mike McIntyre in 2016.

旱地雪橇

想體驗一下極品飛車?不如試試旱地雪橇。不過首先要說的是，這項簡單的運動也很容易出現(xiàn)問題。旱地雪橇最初由滑板發(fā)展而來，因為滑板運動員發(fā)現(xiàn)躺在滑板上可以速度更快。自此旱地雪橇進化成一項獨立的運動，針對這項運動也有了很多更精細的滑板，而且這些滑板沒有剎車。

由于在旱地雪橇時你的身子是躺平的，這樣可以接近零風阻，使得滑行者更快速的沿路而下。不過，由于滑板上的人距離地面太近了，就算是一個簡單地轉(zhuǎn)向都很容易撞到路面。想象一下，在128公里/小時的時速下，就算胳膊肘蹭到路面都會破皮見骨，而且蹭這一下可能還會讓你人仰板翻。雖然滑行者可以穿戴滑行衣和頭盔等保護裝備，但是許多人都認為這些額外的重量只會減慢他們的速度。

在旱地雪橇中最常見的傷就是淤青、骨折或者是關(guān)節(jié)脫臼。而且關(guān)于死亡人數(shù)還沒有相關(guān)可信的數(shù)據(jù)。如果你不是在封鎖的道路上進行這項瘋狂的運動，那么還要把路上可能出現(xiàn)的車輛考慮進去，因為碰撞很難避免。

能吸引這么多人投身其中可能是因為旱地雪橇的簡單明了，它是否足夠點燃你的興趣呢?

旱地雪橇世界紀錄

最快時速達到了164公里/小時，于2016年由Mike McIntyre在加拿大的魁北克創(chuàng)造。

Cave Diving

While cave diving isn’t an adrenaline spiking sport, it is definitely among the most deadly. Consider this – you’re 100 feet deep in the ocean, AND you’re in a cave. One wrong move and you can’t just swim to the surface; you have to exit the same way you went in.

When cave diving, you deal with getting lost, running out of air, enclosed spaces, getting stranded in darkness, or dealing with issues due to underwater currents. The margin of error is minuscule, and while the hazards may seem obvious, people still manage to make mistakes all the time. The precautions cave divers must take is demonstrated in the amount of equipment they need. Cave divers need almost twice the amount of gear than standard open water divers, such as two tanks, computers, lights, safety lines, and more.

Some divers don’t take the dangers as seriously as they should, which shows in the statistics. 95% of all cave diving deaths were people who weren’t trained properly and went beyond their limits – the rest were pros who knew what they were doing. On average, about 10 cave divers die per year. While that may not seem like a high number, to put things into perspective, there are only a few thousand cave divers in the world.

Cave Diving World Record:

Deepest Cave Dive – 927 feet (282 m) in South Africa by Nuno Gomes in 1996.

洞穴潛水

雖然洞穴潛水并不是能夠激發(fā)腎上腺素的運動，但是絕對算得上是最致命的。這么說吧，你在海洋中30米的深處，而且還在一個洞穴中。你必須按照原路返回海面，只要走錯一步就會葬身海底。

當你進行洞穴潛水的時候，可能會遇見各種情況，迷路、氧氣用光、封閉的空間、被困黑暗或者是由水中暗流導致的其他問題。容錯性非常低，而且就算危險就在眼前，人們還是會不停的犯錯。洞穴潛水者必須做的預防措施可以從他們潛水裝備的數(shù)量看出。相比標準開闊水域潛水者的裝備數(shù)量，洞穴潛水者的裝備數(shù)量幾乎是他們的兩倍，比如說要背兩個氧氣罐、潛水電腦、照明裝備、安全繩等等。

根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，有一些潛水者就沒把危險當回事兒。洞穴潛水中95%的死亡事件都是因為潛水人沒有接受過專門的培訓而且高估了自己的能力導致的，剩余的5%都是頭腦清醒的專業(yè)潛水者。平均每年大約會有10名洞穴潛水人死亡。雖然這個數(shù)字并不高，但是著眼全局，全世界只有幾千人在從事這項運動。

洞穴潛水世界紀錄

最深的洞穴潛水——282米，由Nuno Gomes于1996年在南非創(chuàng)造。

Free Solo Climbing

The popular trend of rock climbing has been on the rise. However, most standard rock climbers use a rope! That’s where the craziness of free solo climbing comes in. Free solo climbing is rock climbing alone and without any protective gear. It all comes down to pure skill, and crossing your fingers (figuratively, of course!).

As one could guess, falling is the most common reason for injuries or death. But there are a lot of things to factor into the reason for falling. Even if you’re the best climber, you can’t account for changes of weather conditions, loose holds, or falling rocks. For the most part, it’s not a matter of if you fall, but when!

So if skill can’t even protect you, what’s the allure? Many climbers who participate in this risky style say it’s the most pure form of climbing – it’s just the climber and the rock. They say the hassle of gear can get in the way, even if it is safer. Even so, many free solo climbers admit to the dangers of what they’re doing, and discourage others from following in their footsteps – or footholds.

Free Solo Climbing Record:

Longest climb – 3,000 feet up El Capitan, Yosemite, done by Alex Honnold in 2017

徒手攀巖

攀巖的流行程度在增加。不過，多數(shù)攀巖者都會使用安全繩。這就是徒手攀巖的瘋狂之處。徒手攀巖是不用任何保護裝置的攀巖。完全考驗個人的技巧，還有運氣。

可想而知，墜落會是最常見的受傷和死亡原因。但是導致墜落有很多原因。即使你是最頂尖的攀巖人，也無法控制天氣條件的改變，手滑沒抓緊，或者是落巖。大多數(shù)時候，不是你是否會墜落的問題，而是什么時候會墜落。

所以既然技巧都沒法保護你，那么這項運動的誘惑在哪兒呢?許多參與徒手攀巖的人都表示這是一種最純粹的攀巖形式，廣闊的天地中只有你和巖壁。他們表示安全裝備帶來的麻煩會妨礙他們攀巖，即使那樣會更安全。不過，還是有許多徒手攀巖人承認他們這樣做的危險性，并且不贊成其他人追隨他們的腳步。

徒手攀巖世界紀錄

Alex Honnold在2017年成功攀登上美國Yosemite國家公園914米高的酋長巖。

Base Jumping

If skydiving isn’t intense enough for you, BASE jumping is about as extreme as you can get, and arguably the most dangerous sport in the world. BASE itself is an acronym for Buildings, Antennas, Spans (bridges), and Earth (cliffs) – AKA, the structures you jump off of. This insane sport consists of jumping off a fixed structure, as described in the name of the sport, and either parachuting or wing suit flying to reach the ground. While you may not be falling as far as you would if you were to skydive, you have significantly less time to deploy your parachute and a nearly invisible margin for error.

BASE jumping has been growing in popularity since 1978, even with its high mortality rate of 1 in 60. Due to the dangerous nature of this sport, it is illegal in most places of the world, with few exceptions. In the United States, Perrine Bridge located in Idaho, is the only man-made place where BASE jumping is legal year-round without a permit. Everywhere else, jumpers will likely face arrest. Due to the legality, many pro BASE jumpers keep their jumps secretive so as not to be caught by officials.

BASE Jumping World Record:

Highest BASE Jump – 25,262 feet (7,700 m) in the Himalayas by Valery Rozov in 2016

定點跳傘(BASE Jumping)

如果跳傘對你來說不夠刺激的話，定點跳傘就是你能達到的極致了，而且毫無疑問這是全世界最危險的運動。BASE本身是高樓(Building)、高天線塔(Antennas)、大橋(Spans(bridges))和懸崖(Earth(cliffs))的首字母縮寫，也就是起跳點的構(gòu)造。這個瘋狂的運動正如其名，就是從一個特定的地點跳下，或者使用降落傘，或者使用飛鼠裝來抵達地面。由于有普通跳傘那樣的高度，打開降落傘的時間極其有限，容不得半點差池。

從1978年開始，即使有著1比60的死亡率，定點跳傘還是越來越受喜愛。由于這項運動十分危險，因此在世界大多數(shù)國家中都是非法運動，只有個別國家除外。美國愛達荷州的Perrine大橋，是唯一一個人造、合法的一年到頭都可以定點跳傘的地點。而在其他地方，定點跳傘者可能會被逮捕。由于合法性的問題，許多專業(yè)定點跳傘者為了避免被抓，都選擇偷偷摸摸的跳傘。

定點跳傘世界紀錄

Valery Rozov在2016年在喜馬拉雅山從7700米高處完成了定點跳傘。