成績不好，是因?yàn)樯险n時(shí)間跟你的生物鐘不符

A new study showed that students consistently fare better at classes that fit their biological clock and worse at classes that don’t — raising new questions about traditional class times.

新研究表明：若課程時(shí)間符合生物鐘，學(xué)生會(huì)學(xué)得更好;若課程時(shí)間不符合生物鐘，學(xué)生就學(xué)得較差。這令我們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)上課時(shí)間提出新的質(zhì)疑。

We all know that one person who just can’t wake up in the morning. Twenty alarm clocks, snooze after snooze, a grumpy walk to the morning coffee — the whole nine yards. Well, those people are bound to have lower grades in the early classes, but it’s not just them. According to a new study, everyone fares worse outside of their comfort time.

我們都知道，有些人早晨就是醒不來——他們設(shè)置二十個(gè)鬧鐘，不停地多睡5分鐘，起床后脾氣暴躁……對(duì)這部分人來說，早課成績必然會(huì)下降。然而，他們不是唯一的受害者。這項(xiàng)新研究表明，只要跨出舒適時(shí)間，所有人的成績都會(huì)受影響。

Researchers tracked the personal daily online activity profiles of nearly 15,000 college students as they logged into campus servers. They sorted them into three groups — “night owls,” “daytime finches” and “morning larks” — based on when they tended to be more active.

研究人員通過校園服務(wù)器，追蹤15,000名大學(xué)生的個(gè)人日常上網(wǎng)情況。他們根據(jù)活躍時(shí)間，將學(xué)生分為三組：“夜貓子”、“早起鳥”、“日間雀”。

They found that when students were working out of sync to their biological clock (like night owls in the morning or morning larks in the afternoon), they would suffer from a “social jet lag” — a condition in which peak alertness times are at odds with work, school or other demands. However, most notably, most students were out of sync with school hours.

結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和生物鐘不同步時(shí)(如夜貓子在早晨學(xué)習(xí)或早起鳥在下午學(xué)習(xí))，學(xué)生會(huì)出現(xiàn)“社會(huì)時(shí)差”——即頭腦最清醒的時(shí)間和工作或?qū)W習(xí)時(shí)間不同步。

“We found that the majority of students were being jet-lagged by their class times, which correlated very strongly with decreased academic performance,” said study co-lead author Benjamin Smarr, a postdoctoral fellow who studies circadian rhythm disruptions in the lab of UC Berkeley psychology professor Lance Kriegsfeld.

其中，最值得注意的是：大多數(shù)學(xué)生和上課時(shí)間不同步。研究晝夜節(jié)律紊亂的博士后研究員、本研究的主要作者Benjamin Smarr表示，大部分學(xué)生和上課時(shí)間存在時(shí)差，這和學(xué)業(yè)成績下降存在非常顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。

Social lag wasn’t only associated with decreased academic performance — it was also linked with obesity and excessive alcohol and tobacco use.

“社會(huì)時(shí)差”不僅和學(xué)業(yè)成績下降有關(guān)，也和肥胖、酗酒、抽煙存在聯(lián)系。

Researchers say that this research supports shifting school hours to a time that’s more accessible to most students. Rather than admonish students for going to sleep too late, schools should adapt to their biological clocks, taking advantage of the time of day when students are most capable of learning. They also call for an individualization of the teaching process — where different students learn at different times, to facilitate academic performance.

研究人員表示，學(xué)校應(yīng)該調(diào)整上課時(shí)間，使它更適合大部分學(xué)生。與其勸告學(xué)生不要太晚睡覺，不如主動(dòng)適應(yīng)學(xué)生的生物鐘，讓學(xué)生得以利用學(xué)習(xí)能力最佳的時(shí)間段。此外，他們也提倡“個(gè)性化教學(xué)”——讓不同學(xué)生在不同時(shí)間段學(xué)習(xí)，從而提高學(xué)業(yè)成績。

Our research indicates that if a student can structure a consistent schedule in which class days resemble non-class days, they are more likely to achieve academic success

該研究也表明，如果學(xué)生能夠保持規(guī)律的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣(沒課的日子和有課的日子一樣)，那么便更有可能取得學(xué)業(yè)成就。