Scientists used historical records from plague outbreaks in nine European cities, building a picture of how the disease spread.
They then compared the actual spread to three computer-simulated outbreaks: One where the disease was transmitted by rat fleas, one where it was airborne and another that modelled the transmission by fleas and lice that live on humans and their clothes.
Their conclusion: human lice caused the pandemic because this model mimicked the actual spread of the Black Death much more closely than the others.
科學(xué)家們利用九個(gè)歐洲城市的瘟疫爆發(fā)歷史記錄再現(xiàn)了該病在當(dāng)時(shí)傳播的過程。
接著,他們把實(shí)際的傳播過程與計(jì)算機(jī)模擬生成的三類爆發(fā)情況做了比較。這三類爆發(fā)分別是由鼠蚤傳播、經(jīng)空氣傳播以及依靠人類身上寄生的跳蚤和虱子傳播的模擬情況。
這組科學(xué)家給出的結(jié)論是:由于該模型模擬生成的黑死病實(shí)際傳播情況要比其它研究更加仔細(xì),所以他們認(rèn)為人類身上的虱子才是導(dǎo)致這場(chǎng)流行病的原因。
1. 詞匯表
historical records 歷史記錄、記載
outbreaks(疾病)爆發(fā)
computer-simulated 由計(jì)算機(jī)模擬的
transmitted 被傳染、被傳播
airborne 借空氣傳播的
modelled 模擬了,以…建立了模型
pandemic(大范圍的)流行病
mimicked 模仿了