博物館全攻略：大英博物館

When the British Museum opened in 1753, it was the world’s first national public museum, free (as it still is) to all “studious and curious persons.” It contains a breathtaking collection of over 8 million objects that paint an interconnected portrait of the world’s cultures. But it also epitomizes the long British traditions of exploration, quirkiness and obsessive collecting. You could spend weeks here. But don’t worry; we’ll guide you through.

大英博物館于1753年對(duì)外開(kāi)放，是世界上第一個(gè)國(guó)立公共博物館，免費(fèi)(至今仍然如此)對(duì)所有“勤奮與好奇的人”開(kāi)放。它的藏品達(dá)到驚人的800多萬(wàn)件，為多種世界文化描繪出一幅彼此相聯(lián)的畫(huà)卷。但它也體現(xiàn)了英國(guó)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)探索、怪趣與收藏癖的悠久傳統(tǒng)。你可以在這里一連呆上幾個(gè)星期。但是不要擔(dān)心：我們可以為你做個(gè)向?qū)А?/p>

Five Must-Sees

五個(gè)必看之處

If you don’t have time to idly wander, start your visit with these collections.

如果你沒(méi)時(shí)間到處閑逛，那就從這些藏品開(kāi)始吧。

THE KEY TO THE ANCIENT WORLD

通往古代世界的鑰匙

The Egyptian Galleries | Room 4

埃及館 | 4號(hào)展廳

This long, spectacular gallery, stretching almost the length of the museum’s west side, houses sculptures and artifacts from about 3,000 years of ancient Egyptian civilization. It features spectacular busts, elaborately engraved sarcophagi and the museum’s most popular exhibit — the Rosetta Stone, dating from 196 B.C. and inscribed with near-identical texts in three scripts, which allowed linguists to develop an understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphs through comparison.

這個(gè)長(zhǎng)而壯觀的展館幾乎貫穿整個(gè)博物館西翼，藏有橫跨3000年古埃及文明的雕塑與文物。其中有壯觀的半身像、精心雕刻的石棺，以及博物館最受歡迎的展品——羅塞塔石碑(Rosetta Stone)，它大約來(lái)自公元前196年，以三種文字刻著幾乎相同的文本，令語(yǔ)言學(xué)家能夠通過(guò)比較來(lái)發(fā)展對(duì)埃及象形文字的理解。

Why It’s Must See: These exhibits give an instant idea of the magnificence, ambition and sophistication of ancient Egyptian culture.

必看原因：這些展品能令人立刻了解到古埃及文化的宏偉、抱負(fù)與復(fù)雜性。

What to Look For: A giant sculpture of a scarab beetle, with tenderly carved and curving legs, and an enormous bust of Ramesses II, which inspired Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poem “Ozymandias.”

看點(diǎn)：一座巨大的圣甲蟲(chóng)雕塑，有著柔和的線條和彎曲的腿，還有一座巨大的拉美西斯二世(Ramesses II)半身像，正是它啟發(fā)珀西·比希·雪萊(Percy Bysshe Shelley)寫(xiě)下了《奧茲曼迪亞斯》(Ozymandias)這首詩(shī)。

Nearby: Adjacent to the long Egyptian gallery is part of the museum’s Middle East collection. In Room 6, you’ll find the incredible human-headed, winged lion statues (883-859 B.C.) that formed the gates to the throne room of King Ashurnasirpal II of Assyria (which we now call northern Iraq). And yes, they do have five legs, because they were designed to be seen either from the front or from the side.

附近：長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的埃及館旁邊是博物館中東藏品的一部分。在6號(hào)展廳里，可以看到不可思議的人面獅身有翅雕像(公元前883-859年)，它們構(gòu)成了通往亞述(今伊拉克北部)的阿淑爾納西爾帕王二世(King Ashurnasirpal II)王座宮殿的大門(mén)。是的，它們有五條腿，因?yàn)樗鼈兪潜辉O(shè)計(jì)為從正面或側(cè)面觀看的。

ART AND MYTH IN ATHENS

雅典的藝術(shù)與神話

The Parthenon Sculptures | Room 18

帕臺(tái)農(nóng)(Parthenon)神殿雕塑 | 18號(hào)展廳

These beautiful friezes and sculptures formed part of the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens, built between 447 and 438 B.C. They were removed in 1805 by Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, in an attempt to save them from further degradation, but the British Museum’s possession of the Elgin Marbles, as they came to be called, has long been a subject of intense controversy.

這些美麗的中楣橫條(friezes)和雕塑曾經(jīng)是雅典衛(wèi)城帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神殿的一部分，該神殿于公元前447到438年之間建成。1805年，英國(guó)駐奧斯曼帝國(guó)大使埃爾金勛爵(Lord Elgin)為保護(hù)它們免遭進(jìn)一步損壞，將它們拆下來(lái)帶走，此后它們便被稱為埃爾金大理石雕，但是大英博物館對(duì)它們的所有權(quán)一直存在激烈的爭(zhēng)議。

Why It’s Must See: These intricately carved friezes and stand-alone sculptures offer a richly detailed portrait of Athenian society and mores.

必看原因：這些雕刻精美的中楣橫條以及獨(dú)立存在的雕塑豐富詳盡地描繪出雅典的社會(huì)風(fēng)貌與習(xí)俗。

What to Look For: The riveting horse’s head, with its bulging eyes and veined cheeks, exhausted from drawing the chariot of the moon across the night sky.

看點(diǎn)：雕塑上迷人的馬頭，眼珠凸起，面頰上血脈賁張，它拉著月神的戰(zhàn)車飛過(guò)夜空，已經(jīng)筋疲力盡。

Nearby: The Nereid Monument, a large Lucian tomb found at Xanthos (in modern Turkey), in the adjacent Room 17 and is a wonderful melding of Greek and Middle Eastern figures, with nereids (mythical sea nymphs), a Persian king and a Greek army all depicted on its decorative panels.

附近：旁邊的17號(hào)展廳內(nèi)有涅內(nèi)伊德碑像(The Nereid Monument)，以及在桑瑟斯古城(Xanthos，位于現(xiàn)在的土耳其)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)巨大的盧西安(Lucian)墳塋，這座展廳是希臘與中東文物的精彩融合，裝飾板上描繪著涅內(nèi)伊德(神話里的海中仙女)、波斯國(guó)王和希臘軍隊(duì)。

THE INVENTION OF PORCELAIN

瓷器的發(fā)明

Chinese Ceramics (Sir Percival David collection) | Room 95

中國(guó)陶瓷(珀西瓦爾·大維德爵士[Sir Percival David]收藏) | 95號(hào)展廳

This stunning collection of Chinese ceramics is outstanding for its beauty, rarity and historical value. Some pieces date back to the invention of porcelain around 2,000 years ago.

這個(gè)令人驚嘆的中國(guó)瓷器系列以其美麗、稀有和歷史價(jià)值而聞名。一些展品可追溯到2000年前瓷器剛剛發(fā)明出來(lái)的時(shí)代。

Why It’s Must See: The gallery has more than 1,700 examples of breathtaking beautiful ceramic objects, both practical and fanciful.

必看原因：展廳內(nèi)有超過(guò)1700件陶瓷器物，既有實(shí)用器，也有供人賞玩之物，它們的美麗令人驚嘆。

What to Look For: The David Vases, probably the most important blue-and-white porcelain pieces in existence, have inscriptions near their tops that date them to 1351. Sir Percival David reunited the vases in 1935, after buying them from two separate collections.

看點(diǎn)：大維德花瓶(The David Vases)，可能是現(xiàn)存最重要的青花瓷器物，其頂部附近的銘文表明它們的年代可以追溯到1351年。1935年，珀西瓦爾·大維德爵士分別從兩個(gè)收藏家手中買(mǎi)下它們，令這對(duì)花瓶重聚。

Nearby: Next to the ceramics gallery is Room 67, devoted to Korean culture and tradition from 300 B.C. to the present. It has an eclectic range of objects, including metalwork, drawings, painting, ceramics and calligraphy, and is well worth a look, even if just to see the re-creation of a saranbang, or traditional scholar’s study.

附近：瓷器展廳旁邊是67號(hào)展廳，專門(mén)收藏公元前300年至今的朝韓文化與傳統(tǒng)物品。藏品內(nèi)容非常廣泛，包括金屬制品、書(shū)畫(huà)，以及陶瓷，非常值得一看，即使只是看看重建的舍廊坊(saranbang，傳統(tǒng)學(xué)者的書(shū)房)，也是值得的。

A SPECTACULAR ARCHEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY

考古大發(fā)現(xiàn)

Sutton Hoo Ship Burial | Room 41

薩頓胡船葬(Sutton Hoo Ship Burial) | 41號(hào)展廳

The 1937 discovery of an Anglo-Saxon ship dating from around A.D. 600 was an astonishing find of royal treasures. The 88.5-foot long ship was an archaeologist’s dream, packed with treasures, including gold jewelry, Byzantine silverware, a magnificent casket and an iron helmet. It may have been the burial place for an Anglo-Saxon king.

這艘于1937年發(fā)現(xiàn)的盎格魯-撒克遜船只年代可追溯到公元600年左右，在其中發(fā)現(xiàn)了驚人的王室珍寶。它長(zhǎng)達(dá)88.5英尺，堪稱考古學(xué)家的夢(mèng)想，里面裝滿寶物，包括黃金首飾、拜占庭銀器、一個(gè)宏偉的棺木和鐵頭盔。它可能是某個(gè)盎格魯-撒克遜國(guó)王的墓地。

Why It’s Must See: The objects on display are exquisitely crafted and tell us much about Anglo-Saxon England and that the great treasures, epic travels and larger-than-life warriors of the poetry of that time were not far from reality.

必看原因：展出的器物工藝精美，并且能夠告訴我們?cè)S多有關(guān)盎格魯-撒克遜英格蘭的事情，仿佛詩(shī)歌中那些宏大的寶藏、史詩(shī)般的旅行和傳奇的勇士距離現(xiàn)實(shí)不是那么遙遠(yuǎn)。

What to Look For: Made of iron and covered with copper panels that show a range of scenes, the Sutton Hoo helmet is one of only four surviving helmets from the period. It has a distinctive shape and a menacing face-mask with copper eyebrows that are inlaid with silver wire and garnets, ending in a silver boar’s head.

看點(diǎn)：薩頓胡頭盔由鐵制成，外面覆以銅片，上面雕刻著一系列景象，是同時(shí)期僅存的四個(gè)頭盔之一。它形狀獨(dú)特，有著充滿威脅性的面具，銅制的眉毛上鑲嵌著銀線和石榴石，眉毛尾部是銀色的野豬頭。

Nearby: Even if you are not interested in clocks, Rooms 38 and 39 house wonderful timepieces that are likely to leave you marveling. Make sure to find the 1589 Carillon Clock that plays music written by Martin Luther, and the 1585 Mechanical Galleon, which has miniature soldiers striking bells and firing guns.

附近：就算你對(duì)鐘表不感興趣，38號(hào)展廳和39號(hào)展廳精美的鐘表也可能會(huì)讓你驚嘆不已。一定要找到1589鐘琴(1589 Carillon Clock)，它曾經(jīng)被用來(lái)演奏馬丁·路德(Martin Luther)譜寫(xiě)的音樂(lè)，還要找到1585機(jī)械帆船鐘(1585 Mechanical Galleon)，上面有微型士兵敲鐘和開(kāi)槍。

THE SPORT OF KINGS

國(guó)王的運(yùn)動(dòng)

Assyrian Lion Hunts | Room 10

亞述獵獅(Assyrian Lion Hunts) | 10號(hào)展廳

The sculpted reliefs on alabaster panels that line this gallery illustrate the extravagant hunting rituals of the last great Assyrian King, Ashurbanipal, who lived between 668 and around 630 B.C. The panels depict a full story, from the release of the lions to the subsequent chase, the showering of arrows and the killings that marked the king’s prowess and power.

在這個(gè)展廳里，雪花大理石浮雕描繪了最后一個(gè)偉大的亞述王亞述巴尼拔(Ashurbanipal)的盛大狩獵儀式，他生活的年代大約在公元前668到630年。這些石板描繪了一個(gè)完整的故事，從放出獅子到后來(lái)的追逐，萬(wàn)箭齊發(fā)，乃至最后的殺戮，象征著國(guó)王的力量與權(quán)力。

Why It’s Must See: The hunt scenes show a world of pageantry, ritual and unsentimental cruelty far from most western sensibilities today.

必看原因：狩獵場(chǎng)景展示了一個(gè)充滿盛宴與儀式，殘酷無(wú)情的世界，與如今大多數(shù)西方人的情感傾向相去甚遠(yuǎn)。

What to Look For: The little boy who releases the lions from their cage at the start of the sequence is a small, but charming detail.

看點(diǎn)：一系列浮雕開(kāi)始之時(shí)，那個(gè)把獅子從籠子里釋放出來(lái)的小男孩是個(gè)迷人的小細(xì)節(jié)。

Nearby: In another part of this gallery, you will find remnants of the palace of Ashurbanipal from what is now northern Iraq. Look closely at the stone wall panel, which shows finely observed studies of plants and animals, including the lions that were kept in the royal gardens.

附近：在這個(gè)展廳的另一部分，可以找到亞述巴尼拔宮殿的遺跡，來(lái)自如今的伊拉克北部。仔細(xì)看看石墻的墻面，上面雕刻著栩栩如生的植物和動(dòng)物，包括養(yǎng)在皇家花園的獅子。

Off the Beaten Path

不走尋常路

Lesser-known but not less-important pieces reside in these five galleries.

下面五個(gè)展廳里的藏品雖然不那么著名，但也非常重要。

Oxus Treasure | Room 52

奧克瑟斯寶藏(Oxus Treasur) | 52號(hào)展廳

This room features around 170 gold and silver objects, found when a group of merchants was rescued from bandits by a British officer near the Oxus River, in what was then the Persian Empire. The hoard contained vessels, sculptures, coins and votive plaques and they show the gold- and silversmithing skills of the Achaemenid period (550-331 B.C). Exquisite griffin-headed amulets, a goldfish with tiny scales and a horse and chariot sculpture are among these wonders.

這個(gè)展廳里陳列著大約170件金銀制品。在當(dāng)年隸屬波斯帝國(guó)的奧克瑟斯河附近，一名英國(guó)軍官?gòu)耐练耸种芯认乱粋€(gè)商隊(duì)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們。這批寶物中包括容器、雕塑、硬幣和祈愿用的牌匾，它們顯示了阿契美尼德(Achaemenid)時(shí)期(公元前550-331)的金銀工藝。這些珍寶當(dāng)中包括一枚精致的格里芬頭像護(hù)身符、一條長(zhǎng)著細(xì)小鱗片的金魚(yú)，以及一匹馬和戰(zhàn)車的雕塑。

The Holy Thorn Reliquary | Room 2a

圣荊棘圣物箱 | 2a展廳

This jewel box of a room contains some 300 precious objects from medieval and Renaissance Europe, bequeathed to the British Museum by the collector Baron Ferdinand Rothschild in 1898. Among the rarities found here is the Holy Thorn Reliquary, dating from 1397 and made to house a thorn from the crown of thorns placed on Christ’s head at his crucifixion. Look for the 16th-century theatrical cabinet that looks like a mini stage set, and a breathtaking 17th-century jade cup, with two dragonlike figures forming handles.

這個(gè)展廳內(nèi)展出的珍寶中包含來(lái)自中世紀(jì)和文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期歐洲的約300件珍貴物品，由收藏家費(fèi)迪南德·羅斯柴爾德男爵(Baron Ferdinand Rothschild)在1898年遺贈(zèng)給大英博物館。其中的珍品包括圣荊棘圣物箱，它的歷史可以追溯到1397年，用來(lái)盛放基督在十字架上被釘死時(shí)頭戴的荊冠上的一根荊棘。還可以去看看一個(gè)16世紀(jì)的戲劇陳列柜，看上去像個(gè)迷你舞臺(tái);以及一個(gè)驚人的17世紀(jì)玉杯，有兩個(gè)龍形手柄。

Mexico | Room 27

墨西哥 | 27號(hào)展廳

Briefly admire the Huastec goddess sculptures near the entrance, then head straight for the cabinet at the back of the room, which contains a double-headed serpent made from a single piece of cedar and covered in tiny turquoise mosaics. Its fanglike teeth are made from conch shells, its gums and snout from red oyster shell. The workmanship is spectacular, as it is on the two turquoise face-masks in cabinets found on each side of the serpent.

在入口附近欣賞一下瓦斯蒂克(Huastec)女神雕塑，然后直接去看展廳后部的柜子，那里裝著一條雙頭蛇，由一整塊松木制成，上面覆蓋著小塊綠松石馬賽克。它的牙齒是由海貝制成，其牙齦和口鼻是用紅色牡蠣殼制成，做工極為精美，在蛇的兩側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)柜子上的兩個(gè)綠松石面具也是如此。

Hoa Hakananai’a | Room 24

失落的朋友(Hoa Hakananai'a) | 24號(hào)展廳

This monumental statue, from the incredibly remote Easter Island in the Pacific ocean, was taken by the crew of a British ship in 1868. It is hard to imagine how they moved the enormous statue, made of volcanic rock and weighing around four tons. With its cavernous eyes and curving mouth, there is something mesmerizing about the statue that repays a long and silent moment of contemplation.

這座紀(jì)念雕像于1868年被一艘英國(guó)船只的船員從太平洋上偏遠(yuǎn)得令人難以置信的復(fù)活節(jié)島帶回。很難想象他們?nèi)绾我苿?dòng)這座巨大的雕像，它由火山巖制成，重約4噸。它有著深陷的眼睛和彎曲的嘴，非常令人著迷，值得安靜地長(zhǎng)時(shí)間凝視。

African Collection | Room 25

非洲藏品 | 25號(hào)展廳

Although this collection is eclectic, there are superb pieces here, notably the 16th-century Benin Plaques. These rectangular metal panels served as decoration for the king’s palace, and they offer depictions of court life and its rituals, but also of European adventurers, and of gods and their attendants. Every plaque has a story to tell, offering a fascinating glimpse into a complex society. Don’t leave this gallery without seeing the contemporary Tree of Life, a 2004 sculpture made from decommissioned weapons from Mozambique’s civil war.

雖然這個(gè)系列藏品兼收并蓄，但也有一流的物品，特別是16世紀(jì)的貝寧銅板(Benin Plaques)。這些矩形金屬板塊是國(guó)王宮殿的裝飾，它們描述了宮廷生活及其儀式，以及歐洲探險(xiǎn)家、神和神的侍從。每個(gè)板塊都有一個(gè)故事要講，非常迷人，令人得以瞥見(jiàn)到一個(gè)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)。來(lái)了這個(gè)展廳，就一定要看看當(dāng)代作品“生命之樹(shù)”(Tree of Life)，它是一座2004年的雕塑，由莫桑比克內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中廢棄的武器制成。

Unexpectedly Quiet Spots

意外的安靜地點(diǎn)

If you need a break from the crowds, there are a few places that always seem peaceful.

如果你需要遠(yuǎn)離人群，休息一下，有幾個(gè)地方看上去總是那么平靜。

THE ENLIGHTENMENT GALLERIES | ROOMS 1 AND 2

啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)館 | 1號(hào)和2號(hào)展廳

These long galleries, outfitted with oak and mahogany floors, classical columns, balconies and glass-fronted bookcases, offer a sense of another era. They were added to the original museum in 1823 to hold King George III’s collection of over 60,000 books, and now house a cabinet of curiosities that represent the insatiable curiosity and investigative spirit of the Age of Reason, from a 350,000-year-old hand ax to 18th-century plant specimens. In many ways, the Enlightenment Galleries feel like another museum altogether, and they are mostly tranquil and hushed.

這幾個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的展館裝有橡木和紅木地板、古典式立柱、陽(yáng)臺(tái)和玻璃門(mén)書(shū)架，感覺(jué)像是另一個(gè)時(shí)代。1823年，它們被添加到原始的博物館當(dāng)中，用來(lái)保存喬治三世(King George III)的6萬(wàn)多本藏書(shū)，現(xiàn)在則用來(lái)陳列那些象征理性時(shí)代無(wú)止境的好奇心與探索精神的珍品，從擁有35萬(wàn)年歷史的手斧到18世紀(jì)的植物標(biāo)本。在很多方面，啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)館感覺(jué)像是另一個(gè)博物館，這里大部分時(shí)間都是寧?kù)o安詳?shù)摹?/p>

THE STAIRCASES

樓梯

Instead of taking the elevators to the second or the third levels, take the wide staircases at each end of the museum and spend some time looking at the artwork that everyone else walks past. The North stairs feature an extraordinary white marble Amitabha Buddha from northern China that rises through the museum’s four stories. The West stairs boast stunning mosaic panels from the 4th and 5th centuries.

不要坐電梯到第二層或第三層去，要走博物館每一端都有的寬樓梯，花一些時(shí)間看看那些其他人只是匆匆經(jīng)過(guò)的藝術(shù)品。北部樓梯有一個(gè)來(lái)自中國(guó)北方的漢白玉阿彌陀佛像，非常驚人，高度直達(dá)博物館的四層。西部的樓梯擁有來(lái)自公元4世紀(jì)和5世紀(jì)迷人的馬賽克面板。

THE PRINT GALLERIES | ROOM 90

印刷館 | 90號(hào)展廳

Tucked away on the fourth floor, the print galleries hold an astounding archive of more than two million prints, dating back to 1400. The display here is always changing, but you can ask to see any of the prints, in the adjacent study room. Consult the online archive ahead of time.

印刷館隱藏在四樓，它擁有一個(gè)驚人的檔案庫(kù)，收藏著超過(guò)200萬(wàn)份的印刷品，時(shí)間可追溯到1400年。這里的展品總是在變動(dòng)，但你可以要求在旁邊的研究室內(nèi)觀看任何印刷品，不過(guò)要事先研究在線檔案。

INTIMATE TREASURES

內(nèi)部珍品

Carved Jade Terrapin From Allahabad | Room 34

阿拉哈巴德玉龜(Carved Jade Terrapin From Allahabad) | 34號(hào)展廳

This 90-pound terrapin is carved from a single piece of green jade and was found at the bottom of a water cistern during engineering excavations in 1803. The wonderfully lifelike piece is thought to be from the early 1600s. Note how the slightly off-center head creates the impression that the creature is moving forward.

這只90磅的水龜是用一塊綠玉雕刻出來(lái)的，1803年一次工程挖掘期間，人們?cè)谝粋€(gè)水箱底部發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。這件栩栩如生的物品被認(rèn)為來(lái)自17世紀(jì)初。注意稍微偏向一側(cè)的頭部是怎樣給人帶來(lái)它正在向前移動(dòng)的感覺(jué)。

Chinese Ceramic Tomb Guardians | Room 33

中國(guó)守墓陶俑 | 33號(hào)展廳

Look at the detail and variety of these color-glazed burial figures from the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-906). There are two guardian figures, called lokapala, a military official, a civil official and two fantastical beasts. Don’t overlook the bird of prey on the military official’s hat.

這些彩釉墓葬俑來(lái)自唐朝(公元618-906年)，注意它們的細(xì)節(jié)和種類。有兩個(gè)守衛(wèi)者，稱為“天王”，還有一位軍事官員，一位民事官員和兩頭神獸。不要漏過(guò)軍官帽子上的猛禽。

Painting and Calligraphy Gallery | Room 91a

繪畫(huà)書(shū)法館 | 91a號(hào)展廳

This changing display of painting and calligraphy from China includes the delicately wrought “Admonitions Scroll” (A.D. 344-406), an early example of the integration of the arts of poetry, painting and calligraphy. A digital interactive version is available when the scroll is not on display.

這個(gè)中國(guó)繪畫(huà)和書(shū)法展廳的展品隨時(shí)都有變化，其中包括精美的《女史箴圖》(公元344-406年)，這是詩(shī)歌、繪畫(huà)和書(shū)法藝術(shù)融合的早期例子。當(dāng)這幅圖不出展時(shí)，可以觀看它的數(shù)字交互版本。

Gems From Ur | Room 56

烏爾的珍寶 | 56號(hào)展廳

These items are from one of the earliest cities in the world, Ur in Mesopotamia, and date back to around 2500 B.C. The Standard of Ur is a box, with inlaid mosaic showing incredibly elaborate war scenes on one side and scenes of tribute and banqueting on the other. The Royal Game of Ur, also known as the Game of 20 Squares, is one of the oldest gaming boards in existence (and shows that board games were as popular then as they are now).

這些物品來(lái)自世界上最早的城市之一，美索不達(dá)米亞的烏爾，時(shí)間可追溯到大約公元前2500年。“烏爾軍旗”( The Standard of Ur)是一個(gè)盒子，盒子一側(cè)鑲嵌的馬賽克展示了極為精致的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)場(chǎng)面，另一側(cè)則是進(jìn)貢和宴會(huì)的場(chǎng)景。 烏爾王族局戲(The Royal Game of Ur)，也被稱為廿格戲(Game of 20 Squares)，是已知最古老的棋類游戲之一(并且表明當(dāng)時(shí)的棋類游戲像現(xiàn)在一樣盛行)。

The World of Alexander | Room 22

亞歷山大的世界 | 22號(hào)展廳

If you haven’t had time to see the Greek and Roman galleries, head here for a condensed look at artifacts from a time when the Greek world was at its height of power, influence and artistic patronage, under Alexander the Great (around 330 B.C.). Look for the beautiful marble statue of Demeter and the decorated column fragment from the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

如果你沒(méi)有時(shí)間看希臘和羅馬展廳，那就到這里來(lái)做個(gè)精華概覽吧，這個(gè)時(shí)期希臘世界在在亞歷山大大帝(Alexander the Great，約公元前330年)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，正值其權(quán)力、影響力與對(duì)藝術(shù)的贊助達(dá)到頂峰之時(shí)。尋找美麗的德米特(Demeter)大理石雕像，以及以弗所的阿爾忒彌斯神殿(Temple of Artemis)裝飾柱的殘片，這座神殿是古代世界的七大奇跡之一。

Going With Kids?

和孩子一起去?

Strategize your visit to the British Museum to make it a day they’ll never forget either.

安排好參觀計(jì)劃，給他們也留下一個(gè)難忘的回憶。

?DON’T LEAVE THE KIDS AT HOME

別把孩子留在家里

The British Museum is particularly child-friendly. The family desk provides backpacks with suggested child-appropriate routes, notes on the objects they will see, and small coloring books. Digital guides ($7) provide games that are linked to different displays, best suited to those under 10. The museum’s website offers a calendar of family events and suggestions of child-friendly activities. If you want to pick a few things to see on your own, here are four suggestions.One note: Don’t try do too much with children – the museum is large and usually crowded, and there aren’t many places to sit down. One or two well-chosen spots will probably be enough for visitors under 10. Remember, you can come back – it’s free!

大英博物館是格外照顧孩子的。家庭服務(wù)臺(tái)提供的背包有關(guān)于適合孩子的參觀路線建議，介紹了他們將看到的展品，還有小小的涂色書(shū)。數(shù)碼導(dǎo)覽(7美元)提供了跟具體展覽相關(guān)的游戲，最適合10歲以下的孩子。博物館網(wǎng)站提供了一個(gè)家庭活動(dòng)日程表，建議了一些適合孩子的活動(dòng)。如果你想選一些自己去看的東西，以下有四個(gè)建議。注意：不要安排太多和孩子一起做的事情——博物館很大，人通常很多，也沒(méi)什么坐的地方。對(duì)10歲以下的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，一兩個(gè)精心挑選的點(diǎn)可能就夠了。別忘了，你還可以再來(lái)的——不要錢(qián)!

MUMMIES | ROOMS 62-63

木乃伊 | 62-63號(hào)展廳

This may sound a little ghoulish, but children are bound to be fascinated by the richly decorated and carved sarcofagi that fill this room – and charmed by the sacred animals (cats, bulls and crocodiles among them) that were also mummified.

聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能有點(diǎn)恐怖，但是這個(gè)擺滿了裝飾華麗的雕刻石棺的展廳，孩子們肯定著迷的不得了——那些同樣被制成木乃伊的神獸(貓、牛和鱷魚(yú)等等)也會(huì)很吸引他們。

THE LEWIS CHESSMEN | ROOM 40

路易斯西洋棋 | 40號(hào)展廳

These elaborately carved chess pieces, thought to date back to 1150, are made from walrus ivory and whale teeth, and were found on the Scottish Isle of Lewis in 1831. Children will notice that each piece has a different, curious expression (some rather glum) – and that they are familiar from their larger-than-life cameo in “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.”

這些采用海象牙和鯨齒精心雕刻而成的象棋子出自1150年，但直到1831年才在蘇格蘭的路易斯島被發(fā)現(xiàn)。孩子們會(huì)注意到每一枚棋子都有一個(gè)不同的、有趣的表情(有幾個(gè)相當(dāng)不開(kāi)心)——在《哈利·波特與魔法石》(Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone)中的大號(hào)炫酷客串演出讓他們成了熟面孔。

NATIVE AMERICAN HEADDRESSES | ROOM 26

美洲原住民頭飾 | 26號(hào)展廳

Here are wonderfully expressive, colorful masks and headdresses, some representing ancestors, others worn for dancers and actors, or exclusively by chieftains. Kids will have fun imagining who the characters could be, and picking their favorites.

這里有表情豐富而生動(dòng)的面具和頭飾，有些代表先祖，有些是舞者和演員穿戴的，或者是酋長(zhǎng)專用。孩子們可以想象是什么人物在穿戴，從而獲得樂(lè)趣。

Tips for Visiting

參觀小貼士

GETTING IN

入場(chǎng)

The museum’s exhibition spaces open at 10 a.m., seven days a week. However, the museum’s Great Court, its extensive bookshop and ground-floor café all open at 9 a.m. Tip: go early, have a drink, browse the seriously tempting bookshop, and admire the lofty space and wonderful sculptures of the Great Court. Then be first to get into the exhibitions, which are relatively quiet for the first hour.

博物館展覽空間每天上午10點(diǎn)開(kāi)放，全周無(wú)休。不過(guò)博物館的大中庭(Great Court)、巨大的書(shū)店和一樓咖啡館都是上午9點(diǎn)開(kāi)放。貼士：早點(diǎn)去，喝點(diǎn)東西，認(rèn)真逛逛那個(gè)誘人的書(shū)店，欣賞一下大中庭的雄偉空間和精美的雕塑。然后成為第一個(gè)進(jìn)去看展的人，一開(kāi)始比較安靜。

Want to go later? Expect crowds. Consider visiting after 5 p.m. on a Friday, when the museum is open until 8.30 p.m. (It closes at 5:30 p.m. on other days.)

想晚點(diǎn)去?人會(huì)很多。可以考慮周五下午5點(diǎn)去，當(dāng)天博物館開(kāi)放時(shí)間延遲至晚上8點(diǎn)半。(平常是5點(diǎn)半關(guān)門(mén)。)

Admission is free for the museum and its main collections, although you must pay to visit the featured exhibitions. (There are usually two of these at any one time.)

博物館以及主要展覽是免票的，不過(guò)一些特展需要花錢(qián)。(通常同一時(shí)間會(huì)有兩場(chǎng)特展。)

Use the back entrance on Montague Street to avoid the long lines at the front. You will still go through a security point, but there are always far fewer people here.

從蒙塔古街(Montague Street)的后門(mén)進(jìn)，可以躲開(kāi)正門(mén)的長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。你還是需要過(guò)一道安檢，不過(guò)后門(mén)人少很多。

PLAN YOUR DAY

做好規(guī)劃

Finding your way around is not easy, even with the helpfully detailed official map, which you should grab immediately. Our map can help, too. But the British Museum is enormous; expect to get lost, but enjoy the amazing exhibits you stumble into.

盡管有詳細(xì)而貼心的官方地圖——這個(gè)要第一時(shí)間拿到手，但要找到目的地還是不容易的。我們的地圖也會(huì)有幫助。大英博物館非常大，做好迷路的思想準(zhǔn)備，不過(guò)那些誤打誤撞的展覽一樣可以欣賞一番。

The audio guides ($8) are especially helpful, if you’d like to follow one of the tours it suggests.

音頻導(dǎo)覽(8美元)格外有用，如果你打算跟著它提供的其中一條線路走的話。

Want a proper afternoon tea? Avoid the busy café on the ground floor, and head up to the Great Court restaurant on the third floor. (The quickest way to do this is to walk up the stairs on either side of the huge circular dome — which usually houses temporary exhibitions — in the middle of the Great Court.) The restaurant is a delightful haven from the noise and bustle.

想要一次體面的下午茶?別去一樓那個(gè)熱鬧的咖啡館，到三樓的大中庭餐廳去。(最快的方式是從大中庭中間的巨型圓頂屋兩側(cè)的樓梯走上去——圓頂屋里通常也是有臨時(shí)展覽的。)餐廳是一個(gè)躲避喧囂的清凈地。

There are restrooms all over the museum, but crowds tend to form around those behind the bookshop and giftshop in the Great Court. It’s worth seeking out less frequented spots, all marked on the map.

整個(gè)博物館各處都有衛(wèi)生間，但是人群通常會(huì)擠在在大中庭書(shū)店和禮品店后面的那幾個(gè)。有必要去找找那些人沒(méi)那么多的點(diǎn)，在地圖上都有標(biāo)示。

DON’T MISS THE BOOKSHOP

別錯(cuò)過(guò)書(shū)店

The British Museum bookshop is exceptional, with a particularly strong children’s section that might provide good gifts. If you fancy a smaller-scale version of the Great Court lion, or of a horse’s head from the Acropolis, visit the collections shop to the right of the main entrance, which sells more expensive items, including replicas of statues and other pieces.

大英博物館的書(shū)店是非同尋常的，在童書(shū)方面尤其卓越，可以作為不錯(cuò)的禮物。如果你想要個(gè)縮微版的大中庭獅子，或是雅典衛(wèi)城的馬頭，到正門(mén)右側(cè)的收藏店去，那里出售一些比較貴的東西，包括雕像等藏品的復(fù)制品。