酷愛足球的俄羅斯商業(yè)大亨

Against a background of modern Moscow through the windows of the Federation Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Europe, stood a tall man with enigmatic eyes and a sincere smile. He was in the midst of 100 of Russia’s most influential individuals — business owners, top managers, politicians and media people. While he was part of the crowd, he stood there friendly but somehow different to the others.

他眼神深邃、笑容真摯，站在歐洲最高摩天大樓“聯(lián)邦大廈”(Federation Tower)的窗前，窗外現(xiàn)代莫斯科的景致一覽無(wú)余。他是俄羅斯100位最具影響力的個(gè)人(其中既有企業(yè)主、頂級(jí)經(jīng)理人，也有政客和媒體人)之一。盡管他親切地融入眾人之中，但不知怎地就是與眾不同。

I met Sergey Galitskiy at the reception hosted by Andrey Kostin, president of VTB, the Russian bank, and director-general of St Petersburg University’s Graduate School of Management, where I am dean. I was lucky enough to be drawn into a conversation with Galitskiy that gave me belief in a simple maxim: everyone should be given a chance to become great and change the world.

在俄羅斯外貿(mào)銀行(VTB)行長(zhǎng)、圣彼得堡大學(xué)管理學(xué)院(Graduate School of Management at St Petersburg University)(我是該學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng))理事長(zhǎng)安德烈•科斯京(Andrey Kostin)舉辦的一場(chǎng)招待會(huì)上，我見到了謝爾蓋•加利茨基(Sergey Galitskiy)。我非常有幸與加利茨基進(jìn)行了交談，他使我相信了一條簡(jiǎn)單的格言：每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該擁有變得偉大和改變世界的機(jī)會(huì)。

What took me by surprise was that during our three-hour conversation he said little about his core business, even though it definitely merited attention. One of the most esteemed businessmen in Russia, Galitskiy created Magnit, the country’s largest retail chain, with a philosophy that the regions, rather than Moscow or St Petersburg, which dominate Russian business, should be the starting point and remain the prime focus. He founded Magnit in the southern city of Krasnodar and it has grown largely in provincial centres — an unusual but successful approach. The chain now has more than 13,000 stores in 2,400 towns and cities across Russia.

讓我感到意外的是，在我們長(zhǎng)達(dá)3個(gè)小時(shí)的交談中，他很少談及自己的核心業(yè)務(wù)，即使這絕對(duì)值得一提。作為俄羅斯最受人尊敬的商人之一，加利茨基創(chuàng)辦了國(guó)內(nèi)最大的零售連鎖店Magnit。他的經(jīng)營(yíng)哲學(xué)是，應(yīng)該以地區(qū)(而不是主導(dǎo)俄羅斯商業(yè)的莫斯科或圣彼得堡)為起點(diǎn)，并且一直將之作為主要焦點(diǎn)。他在南部城市克拉斯諾達(dá)爾(Krasnodar)創(chuàng)建了Magnit，并在聯(lián)邦區(qū)中心迅速發(fā)展——這種模式不常見但很成功。該連鎖店如今在俄羅斯2400個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)擁有超過(guò)1.3萬(wàn)家店。

Galitskiy’s success story first caught my attention 10 years ago. I started my career at a Russian aluminium company, managing marketing and sales of household aluminium foil in the north-west of the country.

10年前，我第一次注意到加利茨基的成功經(jīng)歷。我在俄羅斯一家鋁業(yè)公司開始職業(yè)生涯，負(fù)責(zé)俄羅斯西北部家用鋁箔的市場(chǎng)推廣和銷售。

Magnit, our biggest customer, had just had its initial public offering. Later, when I had switched to an academic career at St Petersburg GSOM, I used Magnit as a case study in my classes on supply chain management. Magnit was a great example of Russian business that could be compared to the world-renowned US retailer Walmart and Barilla, the food multinational.

Magnit是我們最大的客戶，當(dāng)時(shí)它剛剛完成首次公開發(fā)行(IPO)。后來(lái)，我轉(zhuǎn)行進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域、在圣彼得堡大學(xué)管理學(xué)院工作，把Magnit作為供應(yīng)鏈管理課程的研究案例。Magnit是俄羅斯企業(yè)的典范，可以與世界聞名的美國(guó)零售商沃爾瑪(Walmart)和食品跨國(guó)企業(yè)巴里拉(Barilla)相媲美。

The topic of our first conversation, however, was not retailing but football. I was not a football fan but my attitude to the game changed dramatically after our discussion. I learnt how Galitskiy had taken on the challenge of developing a football club, FC Krasnodar, not only by engaging with local business but also by changing the whole football system.

然而，我們第一次交談的話題不是零售，而是足球。我不是球迷，但在我們交流后，我對(duì)足球的態(tài)度大為轉(zhuǎn)變。我知道了加利茨基如何面對(duì)發(fā)展克拉斯諾達(dá)爾足球俱樂(lè)部(FC Krasnodar)的挑戰(zhàn)，不僅與當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)建立了關(guān)系、還改變了整個(gè)足球體系。

Football is the most popular sport in Russia. At the same time, it has become a national tragedy. The Soviet Union enjoyed its greatest success at the Uefa European Nations’ Cup in 1960, which it won, but since then the national team has had some extremely poor results — and very few good ones. However, 1960 remains still so strong in the Russian memory that it is mentioned by the media during each big competition.

足球是俄羅斯最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。同時(shí)，它也是民族的悲哀。1960年，蘇聯(lián)在歐足聯(lián)(UEFA)舉辦的歐洲國(guó)家杯(European Nations’ Cup，后改名為歐洲足球錦標(biāo)賽，簡(jiǎn)稱歐洲杯)中取得了巨大成功，贏得了第一屆的冠軍。但是自那以后，蘇聯(lián)隊(duì)有過(guò)一些極糟糕的成績(jī)，卻很少取得好成績(jī)。然而，俄羅斯人有關(guān)1960年的記憶仍然強(qiáng)烈，每逢重大賽事媒體都會(huì)提及那一年。

The Russian Premier League is one of these. Its popularity has lured large Russian and international companies to fund the leading teams. Their sponsorship of star players and experienced coaches has led to some outstanding results in the recent past.

俄羅斯足球超級(jí)聯(lián)賽(Russian Premier League)是其中之一。該聯(lián)賽的高人氣吸引了俄羅斯本土以及國(guó)際大企業(yè)來(lái)贊助領(lǐng)先的球隊(duì)。他們贊助足球明星和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教練，最近帶來(lái)了一些令人矚目的成績(jī)。

Krasnodar, though, the youngest senior football club in Russia, has rewritten the rules. Galitskiy founded the club in 2008, investing his time and money and achieving the seemingly impossible by using his talent as an entrepreneur.

不過(guò)，克拉斯諾達(dá)爾足球俱樂(lè)部——俄羅斯最年輕的頂級(jí)聯(lián)賽俱樂(lè)部——重寫了規(guī)則。加利茨基于2008年創(chuàng)建了這家足球俱樂(lè)部，投入了時(shí)間和金錢并且利用他作為企業(yè)家的才智取得了看似不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的成績(jī)。

His ultimate goal, however, was not just to have a football team. He also had an ambitious plan to improve football in Russia by changing the whole approach to the game. He established an academy at Krasnodar for boys who dream about football as he did when he was a child. The academy has become a community of hundreds of prospective footballers aged 12 to 17, training and studying all week. The idea at its core is a devotion to football, the club and the city, creating a foundation for future success. Graduates of the academy have already surpassed expectations, playing in the Russian Premier League and in Europe.

然而，他的最終目標(biāo)不只是擁有一家足球隊(duì)。他還有一個(gè)宏大計(jì)劃——通過(guò)改變整個(gè)足球體系來(lái)提高俄羅斯的足球水平。他在克拉斯諾達(dá)爾創(chuàng)辦了一家足球?qū)W校，面向那些像他年少時(shí)一樣擁有足球夢(mèng)的少年。該學(xué)校現(xiàn)在有數(shù)百名12歲-17歲的準(zhǔn)球員，整周進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)和學(xué)習(xí)。該學(xué)校的核心理念是熱愛足球、熱愛俱樂(lè)部、熱愛這座城市，為未來(lái)的成功打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。這家足球?qū)W校的畢業(yè)生已經(jīng)超出了期望，在俄羅斯超級(jí)聯(lián)賽和歐洲聯(lián)賽效力。

The club’s newly finished stadium has been another ambitious project. Galitskiy funded the construction of the 34,000-capacity arena, which has been built not for profit but for the dream of giving everyone a chance and leaving a mark on history.

俱樂(lè)部新建成的場(chǎng)館有另外一個(gè)宏偉計(jì)劃。加利茨基投資建設(shè)了這座能容納3.4萬(wàn)人的體育場(chǎng)，目的不是盈利，而是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想——給每個(gè)人一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)、在歷史上留下印記。

These achievements, which Galitskiy revealed entirely without vanity during our conversation, were rooted in one big common idea: keep investing in the future and it will pay you back, both monetarily and morally. He is passionate about his city, his business, his football, his happiness and will do all it takes to move mountains while giving others the chance to live by the same conviction.

這些成就——加利茨基在我們聊天中完全不帶炫耀地講述了這些成就——根植于一個(gè)很大的共同理念：繼續(xù)投資未來(lái)，它會(huì)回報(bào)你的，無(wú)論是在金錢方面還是道德方面。他對(duì)自己的城市、企業(yè)、足球、以及快樂(lè)充滿了激情，會(huì)盡一切可能創(chuàng)造奇跡，同時(shí)給其他人機(jī)會(huì)，使他們可以以同樣的信念生活。

A man of change is not generally recognised as a hero. The changes Galitskiy brings about are not seen as heroic. They are the result of a thousand simple steps taken by someone who keeps going with the future in mind.

變革之人一般不被看作英雄。加利茨基帶來(lái)的改變也不被視為英雄之舉。它們是心系未來(lái)之人跬步之積的結(jié)果。

Konstantin Krotov is head of the Graduate School of Management at St Petersburg University

本文作者為圣彼得堡大學(xué)管理學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)