在哈佛 沃頓 哥倫比亞 MBA創(chuàng)業(yè)熱正如火如荼

On their Kickstarter video, Columbia Business SchoolMBA candidates Connor Wilson and Nolan Walshstand in a room where a group of male and femalemodels cavorts around a pile of boots and shoes asthey shower dollar bills upon it. “Welcome to theworld of fast fashion,” Walsh says. “Models,celebrities, and huge advertising budgets, alldesigned to sell us inferior products that wear outquickly.”

在眾籌網(wǎng)站Kickstarter上發(fā)布的宣傳視頻中，哥倫比亞商學(xué)院MBA學(xué)生康納o威爾遜和諾蘭o沃爾什站在一個(gè)房間里，一群男女模特圍著一堆靴子和鞋子歡欣跳躍，而威爾遜和沃爾什則朝著那堆鞋子撒美鈔。沃爾什說(shuō)：“歡迎來(lái)到快時(shí)尚的世界，模特、名人以及巨額廣告預(yù)算都是為了向我們兜售不耐穿的劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。”

 

 

The Kickstarter campaign set a record for sales in the first 24 hours, and Wilson and Walshhave received more than $275,000 in orders for their $199 Thursday Boot Company boots.Production started about a few months ago.

這則視頻在24小時(shí)內(nèi)帶來(lái)了一個(gè)銷(xiāo)售記錄，威爾遜和沃爾什的星期四靴業(yè)公司接到了超過(guò)27.5萬(wàn)美元的訂單，購(gòu)買(mǎi)他們199美元一雙的靴子。該產(chǎn)品已于數(shù)月前開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)。

“I really like the idea of growing something small into something big,” says Wilson, a formerinvestment analyst and portfolio manager for Thornburg Investment Management.

威爾遜之前是索恩伯格投資管理公司的一名分析師及投資組合經(jīng)理，他表示：“我真的很喜歡這種將小業(yè)務(wù)做大的想法。”

The two Columbia MBAs are part of a striking trend among business school students towardentrepreneurship. MBA program officials are seeing dramatic growth in student demand—including, for example, annual increases of 20% to 30% at Harvard Business School—forentrepreneurship-related offerings. Increasingly, MBAs are rushing to apply their business skillsto their own enterprises.

威爾遜和沃爾什兩人是商學(xué)院學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)熱潮的真實(shí)縮影。MBA項(xiàng)目工作人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)相關(guān)課程的需求顯著增加，比如說(shuō)在哈佛商學(xué)院這一需求的年增幅為20%-30%。越來(lái)越多地， MBA學(xué)生正迫不及待的將其商業(yè)技能應(yīng)用于自有的企業(yè)。

The Graduate Management Admission Council’s recently released 2014 Alumni PerspectivesReport reveals a significant rise in the number of business school graduates launching newbusinesses. From a survey of self-employed alumni who graduated from 1959 to 2013, GMAChas found that 45% of 2010-2013 grads started businesses directly after finishing B-school,while 80% of self-employed alumni from years past worked several years for an employer beforeembarking on entrepreneurial ventures.

美國(guó)管理專(zhuān)業(yè)研究生入學(xué)考試委員會(huì)新近發(fā)布的2014年校友展望報(bào)告顯示，創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)的商學(xué)院畢業(yè)生大大增多。該委員會(huì)對(duì)1959至2013年畢業(yè)的個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者校友調(diào)查顯示，45%的2010至2013屆畢業(yè)生，剛從商學(xué)院畢業(yè)就直接自行創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)。而往年畢業(yè)的個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者校友中，有80%的人是工作幾年后才開(kāi)始創(chuàng)業(yè)。

Wilson says he and Walsh, both 29 years old and interested in “fashion broadly and bootsspecifically,” identified a market gap between “precious,” costly boots sold at a high markupand “cheap, low-quality fashion brands.” They also saw an opportunity to combine thedurability of work boots with a fashionable product, Wilson says.

威爾遜與沃爾什都年僅29歲，威爾遜表示，他們兩人都對(duì)“整個(gè)時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)特別是靴子”很感興趣，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)在標(biāo)價(jià)過(guò)高的“高價(jià)”靴子與“廉價(jià)劣質(zhì)的時(shí)尚品牌”間存在市場(chǎng)空白。威爾遜稱(chēng)，他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了將時(shí)尚性與工裝靴的耐用性相結(jié)合的商機(jī)。

Wilson say that he went to business school to become an entrepreneur, and he choseColumbia because of the quality of education, its focus on entrepreneurialism—Dean GlennHubbard has for more than a decade touted the school’s entrepreneurial offerings—and itslocation in New York City, now reported to be the nation’s second-largest startup ecosystem,behind Silicon Valley.

威爾遜稱(chēng)，他讀商學(xué)院是為了成為一名企業(yè)家，而他之所以選擇哥倫比亞商學(xué)院，一是因?yàn)樵撔＝逃|(zhì)量卓越，且重視培養(yǎng)企業(yè)家精神——十多年來(lái)，哥倫比亞商學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)格倫o哈伯德一直大肆宣傳該院的創(chuàng)業(yè)相關(guān)課程;二是因?yàn)樵撔Ｎ挥诩~約，而紐約據(jù)報(bào)道目前是全美第二大創(chuàng)業(yè)基地，僅次于硅谷。

Columbia mentors, including 37 Angels founder Angela Lee, helped the two students, and theyreceived assistance from the Columbia Startup Lab’s summer program, where they tookadvantage of office space, legal advice, and marketing expertise, Wilson says.

威爾遜表示，他和沃爾什獲得了包括37 Angels創(chuàng)始人安吉拉o李在內(nèi)的哥倫比亞大學(xué)導(dǎo)師的幫助，并得到了哥倫比亞創(chuàng)業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室暑期項(xiàng)目的支持，后者向他們提供了辦公場(chǎng)地、法律咨詢(xún)以及市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。

“That was where we hashed out the idea that became Thursday Boots,” Wilson says.

威爾遜說(shuō)：“創(chuàng)辦星期四靴業(yè)的想法就誕生于此。”

Across the U.S., business schools are ramping up entrepreneurship programming, as studentspursue dreams of lucrative innovation, and startup glory.

鑒于MBA學(xué)生紛紛追尋創(chuàng)業(yè)夢(mèng)想，期望通過(guò)創(chuàng)新獲得豐厚利潤(rùn)和輝煌成就，美國(guó)各地的商學(xué)院都在增設(shè)與創(chuàng)業(yè)相關(guān)的課程。

At the University of Pennsylvania Wharton School’s Goergen Entrepreneurial ManagementProgram, lecturer Patrick FitzGerald has seen a tripling in the number of his students settingforth post-haste into entrepreneurial enterprises over the last four years. Now, 7% ofWharton students are starting companies right after graduation, a five-fold increase over 2007,FitzGerald says.

賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)沃頓商學(xué)院高爾根創(chuàng)業(yè)管理項(xiàng)目講師帕特里克o菲茨杰拉德看到，過(guò)去四年來(lái)，匆匆進(jìn)入創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)的學(xué)生數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了兩倍。菲茨杰拉德表示，如今，沃頓商學(xué)院有7%的學(xué)生畢業(yè)后立即自行創(chuàng)業(yè)，這一比例是2007年的5倍。

At the University of North Carolina Kenan-Flagler Business School, some 40% of the class of2015, 103 out of 280 students, are studying entrepreneurship—a “recent surge,” says TedZoller, director of the school’s Center for Entrepreneurial Studies.

北卡羅萊納大學(xué)凱南-弗拉格勒商學(xué)院創(chuàng)業(yè)研究中心負(fù)責(zé)人泰德o佐勒表示，該院2015屆學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)業(yè)課程的比例“近來(lái)激增”， 280名學(xué)生中有103人在學(xué)習(xí)此類(lèi)課程，占比約 40%。

“Entrepreneurship is entering the mainstream in the economy and therefore it’s starting toenter the mainstream in the business schools,” Zoller says. “You’re starting to see peopleincreasingly seeking out high-growth venturing as a pathway for their professional success.”

佐勒表示：“創(chuàng)業(yè)正成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的中流砥柱，因此，它也開(kāi)始成為商學(xué)院的主流。越來(lái)越多的商學(xué)院學(xué)生正在尋找高增長(zhǎng)性的創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)遇，作為通往職業(yè)成功的途徑。”

The U.S. tech boom, expanding from the West Coast, has served as the primary impetustoward entrepreneurship, Zoller says.

佐勒稱(chēng)，由美國(guó)西海岸蔓延開(kāi)來(lái)的科技熱潮是創(chuàng)業(yè)熱的主要推動(dòng)力。

“We’ve seen really the rebirth of Silicon Valley, and the most important companies that aremaking strides are the ones that have IPO’d in the last five years,” Zoller says. “Students areincreasingly interested in these types of companies.”

佐勒說(shuō)：“我們見(jiàn)證了硅谷的重生，那些正快速發(fā)展的大牌企業(yè)，很多都是在過(guò)去5年內(nèi)上市的。學(xué)生們對(duì)此類(lèi)企業(yè)的興趣日益濃厚。”

At the same time, technological advances and the availability of cheaper talent, such as skilledbachelor’s degree graduates, outside Silicon Valley have made it easier and far less expensive tostart companies, FitzGerald says.

菲茨杰拉德表示，與此同時(shí)，技術(shù)發(fā)展以及在硅谷以外雇傭嫻熟的本科生的成本下降，使得創(chuàng)業(yè)更加容易，創(chuàng)業(yè)成本也大大降低。

“Where it used to cost $200,000, you can now build a company for half that,” FitzGerald says. “You can build something quite quickly and quite cheaply.”

菲茨杰拉德表示：“過(guò)去，創(chuàng)建一家公司需要花費(fèi) 20萬(wàn)美元，如今只需花一半的錢(qián)?，F(xiàn)在，你可以實(shí)現(xiàn)迅速且低成本創(chuàng)業(yè)。”

As these tech-driven companies are spreading, highly ranked business schools are right on theirheels, Zoller says. “Any top 20 business school needs to be relevant in every technologyhotspot,” Zoller says. “You’re seeing all the major business schools focusing on New York,Chicago, Boston, Silicon Valley, and increasingly overseas: Shanghai, London.

佐勒表示，隨著這些科技驅(qū)動(dòng)型公司不斷擴(kuò)張，頂尖商學(xué)院正緊隨其后。佐勒說(shuō)：“排名前20的商學(xué)院都需要占據(jù)所有技術(shù)熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)。我們可以看到，美國(guó)各大商學(xué)院正聚焦紐約、芝加哥、波士頓、硅谷，并日益關(guān)注海外，比如上海、倫敦等地。”

“In tomorrow’s business market, business schools will need to be where the greatest growthis.”

“在未來(lái)的商學(xué)院教育市場(chǎng)上，商學(xué)院需要占據(jù)增長(zhǎng)最快的地區(qū)。”

Many schools are planning satellite operations in these tech hubs, and they are forging linkswith graduates already entrenched in them.

許多商學(xué)院正計(jì)劃在上述科技中心運(yùn)作衛(wèi)星項(xiàng)目。他們正與已經(jīng)扎根上述地區(qū)的畢業(yè)生建立聯(lián)系。

“Many of them have built the capacity to create a really cohesive cadre of alumni in each ofthese markets that helps their students get placed and become leaders in the given region,”Zoller says.

佐勒說(shuō)：“許多商學(xué)院已經(jīng)有能力在上述各市場(chǎng)建立真正具有凝聚力的校友網(wǎng)絡(luò)，幫助本院學(xué)生在特定地區(qū)落腳，并成為地區(qū)領(lǐng)袖。”

Stanford’s Graduate School of Business saw a considerable jump in interest inentrepreneurship in the class of 2013, with 18% of grads starting businesses within a year,compared to 13% in 2012. The percentage didn’t change much in 2014 over 2013, but thetypes of startups did. Seventeen per cent of class of 2013 entrepreneurs went into finance, 13% into Internet services, and 11% into media and entertainment. In 2014, those who wentinto finance dropped to 11%, while Internet services and media and entertainment bothplummeted to 2%; 9% went into each of three areas: energy and clean technology; health care;and software.

斯坦福大學(xué)商學(xué)院發(fā)現(xiàn)，該院2013屆畢業(yè)生對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)的興趣大增，18%的學(xué)生在畢業(yè)1年內(nèi)創(chuàng)業(yè)，而2012年該比例為13%。2014年與2013年相比，創(chuàng)業(yè)比例變化不大，但創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的類(lèi)型發(fā)生了很大變化。2013屆畢業(yè)生中，17%的創(chuàng)業(yè)者選擇了金融行業(yè)，13%選擇了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)業(yè)，另有11%選擇了媒體和娛樂(lè)行業(yè)。2014年，進(jìn)入金融業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)者比例降至11%，選擇互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)以及媒體和娛樂(lè)行業(yè)的比例雙雙跌至2%;而進(jìn)入能源與環(huán)保技術(shù)、衛(wèi)生保健和軟件這三個(gè)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)業(yè)者比例均達(dá)到9%。

This year, Kenan-Flagler started the Adams Apprenticeship program, selecting the topentrepreneurial prospects from its student body to work with UNC entrepreneur alumni fora year, with each participant committing to becoming an entrepreneur within five years ofgraduation.

今年，凱南-弗拉格勒商學(xué)院開(kāi)啟了亞當(dāng)斯學(xué)徒項(xiàng)目，從該院學(xué)生中選擇最具潛力的未來(lái)企業(yè)家，與北卡羅萊納大學(xué)企業(yè)家校友共事1年，所有參與者都致力于在畢業(yè)5年內(nèi)成長(zhǎng)為企業(yè)家。

Demand for the Harvard Business School’s Rock Center for Entrepreneurship’s services hasbeen surging in recent years, says director Meredith McPherron. The center’s New VentureCompetition matches students with mentors and judges around the world as they develop andultimately pitch their ventures.

哈佛商學(xué)院洛克創(chuàng)業(yè)中心負(fù)責(zé)人梅雷迪思o(jì)香農(nóng)表示，近年來(lái)，對(duì)該中心服務(wù)的需求大漲。該中心的創(chuàng)業(yè)大賽在學(xué)生開(kāi)發(fā)并最終推銷(xiāo)自身創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目的過(guò)程中，將他們與導(dǎo)師和來(lái)自世界各地的裁判配對(duì)。

In the Rock Accelerator program, which receives more than 120 applications for 20 spaces,student founder teams receive $5,000 to $8,000 to work on business ideas, while student“Venture Partners” help select and support participant teams. In the Summer Fellowshipprogram, students either work at an existing startup or work on their own startup, betweentheir first and second years. “Over the last couple years, we’ve had enormous pickup indemand on that,” McPherron says.

在洛克加速器項(xiàng)目中，120多位申請(qǐng)者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)20個(gè)席位，學(xué)生創(chuàng)始人團(tuán)隊(duì)獲得5000-8000美元，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)其商業(yè)創(chuàng)意，而學(xué)生“創(chuàng)業(yè)伙伴”則幫助選擇并支持參賽團(tuán)隊(duì)。在夏季獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金項(xiàng)目中，學(xué)生在第一學(xué)年和第二學(xué)年之間，可在已有的新創(chuàng)企業(yè)中就職，或者自行創(chuàng)建新創(chuàng)企業(yè)。香農(nóng)說(shuō)：“過(guò)去幾年，對(duì)此項(xiàng)目的需求大大增加。”

Although HBS recruiting reports show that the number of students who didn’t seekemployment because they were starting their own businesses hovered at 7% from 2012 to2014, half of its graduates are entrepreneurs by 15 years after finishing school, according toHBS. Student debt is a main factor behind that timing, McPherron says. To help graduatesjump into startups, HBS gives out 20 to 25 debt reductions per year, valued at $10,000 to$20,000 each. “You have to be a founder with an idea with traction, that has shown somemerit,” McPherron says. Two years ago, responding to increased demand for the reductions,McPherron asked for and received more funding for the program, which pushed reductionamounts toward $20,000, McPherron says.

盡管哈佛商學(xué)院的招聘報(bào)告顯示，2012-2014年間，因自行創(chuàng)業(yè)而未求職的學(xué)生比例一直在7%左右徘徊，但據(jù)該院稱(chēng)，畢業(yè)15年時(shí)，其半數(shù)畢業(yè)生都成了企業(yè)家。香農(nóng)表示，哈佛畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)業(yè)時(shí)機(jī)選擇背后的一大因素是學(xué)生貸款。為了幫助畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)業(yè)，哈佛商學(xué)院每年給出20到25個(gè)債務(wù)減免名額，各減免1萬(wàn)-2萬(wàn)美元。香農(nóng)表示：“你必須是創(chuàng)始人，有一個(gè)具有吸引力且已經(jīng)展現(xiàn)出價(jià)值的創(chuàng)意。”兩年前，鑒于對(duì)債務(wù)減免的需求增加，香農(nóng)為該項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)并獲得了更多資金，將減免上限提升到2萬(wàn)美元。

Among the top B-schools, there are stated divisions in what entrepreneurial roles they’retraining their graduates to enter. Wharton, says FitzGerald, is chock full of MBA candidateschamping at the bit to launch companies and replicate the achievements of Wharton alumnistartups such as smartphone-based payment app developer Venmo; eyewear retailer WarbyParker; startup investor SeedInvest; and baby products company Quidsi, which was bought byAmazon for $545 million in 2010.

在頂級(jí)商學(xué)院中，對(duì)于將自家畢業(yè)生培養(yǎng)成哪種企業(yè)家，各家區(qū)別明顯。菲茨杰拉德稱(chēng)，沃頓商學(xué)院到處都是急于創(chuàng)業(yè)，想要復(fù)制該院校友成功故事的MBA學(xué)生。該院校友大獲成功的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)包括基于智能手機(jī)的支付應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)商Venmo;眼鏡零售商Warby Parker;初創(chuàng)企業(yè)投資公司SeedInvest;以及2010年被亞馬遜以5.45億美元收購(gòu)的嬰兒用品公司Quidsi。

“They see the successes of those companies and realize that there’s a real possibility that[their] startup can do well,” FitzGerald says.

菲茨杰拉德表示：“他們看到了上述公司的成功，并認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)也真的有可能獲得成功。”

At Kenan-Flagler, Zoller says they’re taking a different approach, combating the media’s“prototype of the successful entrepreneur being the maven, the Steve Jobs profile, the LarryPage,” Zoller says. “We are finding that entrepreneurs are more everyday entrepreneurs, peoplewho run businesses that are making huge contributions but may not be necessarily brandnames,” he says.

佐勒稱(chēng)，在凱南-弗拉格勒商學(xué)院，他們正采取與眾不同的方式，對(duì)抗媒體千篇一律的將成功企業(yè)家描繪成史蒂夫o喬布斯和拉里o佩奇那樣的專(zhuān)家所形成的刻板印象。佐勒說(shuō)：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，企業(yè)家其實(shí)大都是普通人，他們經(jīng)營(yíng)的企業(yè)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)，但他們不見(jiàn)得都是社會(huì)名流。”

At some B-schools, entrepreneurs are romanticized and a degree of “hero worship” exists,says higher education consultant and Eduvantis founder Tim Westerbeck,. “I’ve spoken withseveral business school deans who privately express some concerns that celebrating theglorious side of a successful entrepreneur’s story, while it may be inspiring, does a potentialinjustice to students, because they don’t develop the skills they need to deal with the oftenterribly difficult dimensions of entrepreneurship: the financial hardships, the inevitable failures,health challenges, the family disruption and conflict, the isolation, extreme stress, and needfor steely resilience for prolonged periods of time.”

高等教育顧問(wèn)、Eduvantis創(chuàng)始人蒂姆o韋斯特貝克表示，在某些商學(xué)院，企業(yè)家被浪漫化，大家對(duì)企業(yè)家存在一定程度的“英雄崇拜”。 韋斯特貝克說(shuō)：“我與幾位商學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)有過(guò)交流，他們私下對(duì)大肆宣傳成功企業(yè)家的光輝事跡表示擔(dān)憂(yōu)，這些事跡雖然鼓舞人心，但可能對(duì)學(xué)生并不公平，因?yàn)檫@無(wú)益于他們培養(yǎng)面對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)重重困難所需的技能，這些困難包括資金困難、不可避免的失敗、健康問(wèn)題、家庭破裂和沖突、孤立無(wú)援、極端壓力，以及長(zhǎng)期需要鋼鐵般的意志。”

“These are the essential skills and competencies of entrepreneurs that are perhaps not beingproperly addressed in business schools.”

“這些都是企業(yè)家所需的基本技能和能力，但商學(xué)院對(duì)此的注重和培養(yǎng)可能并不夠。”

Not all schools are focusing on giving students tools to start their own enterprises. “We’vedecided not to be the best school for startups,” Kenan-Flagler’s Zoller says. “We’re going to bethe best school for ‘grow-ups.’ We’re building a program that serves not only to supportmanagement training for large enterprises, but also high-growth enterprises.”

并非所有商學(xué)院都將重心放在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)能力上。凱南-弗拉格勒商學(xué)院的佐勒表示：“我們決定，不做創(chuàng)業(yè)方面最厲害的商學(xué)院，而是在幫助企業(yè)成長(zhǎng)方面做到最好。我們正在設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，不僅支持大企業(yè)的管理培訓(xùn)，而且支持高成長(zhǎng)性企業(yè)的管理培訓(xùn)。”

Kenan-Flagler is putting an emphasis on preparing students to enter executive positions inhigh-growth companies, or becoming funders of entrepreneurial and expanding businesses,Zoller says. “There are many ways that you can participate in entrepreneurial ventureswithout being the founder.”

佐勒稱(chēng)，凱南-弗拉格勒商學(xué)院將重點(diǎn)放在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在高成長(zhǎng)性企業(yè)擔(dān)任管理職位，或者成為創(chuàng)業(yè)型以及成長(zhǎng)型企業(yè)的出資人。佐勒說(shuō)道：“不做創(chuàng)始人，你也有很多種方式參與創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)。”

But at Wharton, such a focus would conflict with candidates’ ambition, FitzGerald says. “Wharton folks are certainly A-type personalities. They’re probably more inclined to go out andstart their own company rather than bring that entrepreneurship talent in house.”

菲茨杰拉德則表示，上述理念與沃頓商學(xué)院學(xué)生的雄心壯志存在沖突。菲茨杰拉德說(shuō)：“沃頓商學(xué)院的學(xué)生絕對(duì)是A型人格，他們可能更傾向于出去創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè)，而不是將創(chuàng)業(yè)能力用于為雇主效力。”

While Wharton students may be inspired by alumni successes, that doesn’t mean Wharton isteaching hero worship, FitzGerald says. “Trying to follow iconoclasts’ models doesn’t reallywork,” FitzGerald says. “If you’re not true to your own business model and your own mission,you’ll fail really quickly.”

菲茨杰拉德稱(chēng)，雖然沃頓商學(xué)院的學(xué)生可能會(huì)從校友的成功中得到啟發(fā)，但這并不意味著該院在鼓勵(lì)英雄崇拜。菲茨杰拉德說(shuō)：“試圖照搬反傳統(tǒng)者的模式并不管用。如果你不忠于自身商業(yè)模式和使命，你很快就會(huì)失敗。”

Demographically speaking, it makes sense for B-school grads to take a leap into foundingenterprises while they have the chance, FitzGerald says. “It’s actually more economicallyfeasible to do your startup now when you’re 27 as opposed to at 33 when you may have aspouse and one or two kids,” FitzGerald says.

菲茨杰拉德表示，從人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上講，商學(xué)院畢業(yè)生在有機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)合情合理。菲茨杰拉德說(shuō)：“事實(shí)上，就經(jīng)濟(jì)角度而言，你27歲時(shí)就開(kāi)辦新創(chuàng)企業(yè)，要比你等到33歲再創(chuàng)業(yè)更可行，因?yàn)榈綍r(shí)候你可能已經(jīng)結(jié)婚，而且有了一兩個(gè)小孩。

However, Columbia Business School’s Eugene Lang Entrepreneurship Center uses a slogan toencapsulate a definition of entrepreneurship that includes “intrapreneurship,” the buzzworddescription of entrepreneurship within existing companies. The slogan, “Think, Start, Grow,”is intended to represent the need for an entrepreneurial approach within any organization,regardless of size or time in business.

不過(guò)，哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院的尤金郎創(chuàng)業(yè)中心用了一條標(biāo)語(yǔ)來(lái)概括定義企業(yè)家精神，其中包含了“內(nèi)部企業(yè)家精神”這個(gè)描述現(xiàn)有公司中企業(yè)家精神的流行詞。該標(biāo)語(yǔ)——“思考、開(kāi)始、成長(zhǎng)”旨在表明，任何組織，不論其大小或歷史長(zhǎng)短，都需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)業(yè)精神。

“The ‘think’ element is really for anybody, I don’t care where you go to work,” says LangCenter Director Vince Ponzo. “More and more, people need the ability to think entrepreneurially,just because of the rate of change.”

尤金郎創(chuàng)業(yè)中心負(fù)責(zé)人文斯o龐佐表示：“‘思考’適用于所有人，不論你在哪里就職。當(dāng)今世界瞬息萬(wàn)變，人們?nèi)找嫘枰芟衿髽I(yè)家一樣思考。”

Columbia is seeing heightened interest in entrepreneurship, adding seats every year toentrepreneurship courses, and holding workshops, panels, and other events on topics such asred flags in the startup process and financing ventures. Two years ago, Columbia opened itsEntrepreneurs in Residence program with six residents; this year, there are eight. The programwas developed to give students educational and networking entry points into specificindustries and regions, to complement the school’s Entrepreneurial Sounding Board, amentoring program involving 30 alumni who mostly advise on tactics and operations, Ponzosays.

哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)的興趣見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)，該院將創(chuàng)業(yè)課程的座位數(shù)量逐年增加，并舉辦了研習(xí)會(huì)、專(zhuān)門(mén)小組以及其他活動(dòng)，探討創(chuàng)業(yè)過(guò)程中的危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)以及為創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)融資等主題。兩年前，哥倫比亞大學(xué)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了駐校企業(yè)家項(xiàng)目，當(dāng)時(shí)有6名駐校企業(yè)家，今年已經(jīng)有8名企業(yè)家。龐佐稱(chēng)，該項(xiàng)目旨在使學(xué)生獲得進(jìn)入特定行業(yè)和地區(qū)的教育和人脈切入點(diǎn)，與該校的創(chuàng)業(yè)參謀項(xiàng)目互為補(bǔ)充。龐佐介紹稱(chēng)，創(chuàng)業(yè)參謀是一個(gè)指導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目，包括30名校友，主要就戰(zhàn)術(shù)和操作給出建議。

Harvard operates under the notion that entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship derive from thesame mindset, of “breakthrough thinking,” McPherron says. “We’re teaching entrepreneurialmanagement.”

香農(nóng)稱(chēng)，哈佛大學(xué)的理念是，創(chuàng)業(yè)和內(nèi)部創(chuàng)業(yè)源自同樣的心態(tài)，即“突破思維定勢(shì)”的心態(tài)。香農(nóng)表示：“我們教授的是創(chuàng)業(yè)管理。”

Westerbeck believes differences between stated goals on entrepreneurship or intrapreneurshipin MBA programs can be chalked up to the need to address prospective students’ desire forsuccess, whether they want to start companies or work in established businesses.

韋斯特貝克認(rèn)為，各MBA項(xiàng)目在創(chuàng)業(yè)或內(nèi)部創(chuàng)業(yè)上的既定目標(biāo)不同，可歸結(jié)為需要滿(mǎn)足潛在學(xué)生對(duì)成功的渴望，不論他們是想創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)，還是想在老牌企業(yè)工作。

“Every school knows that entrepreneurship as a concept is in high reported demand byincoming student populations. They also know that the vast majority of their students will notultimately become successful entrepreneurs and will eventually go to work within anorganization established by someone else,” Westerbeck says. “In a sense, it is preparingwould-be entrepreneurs with the skills they will also need to be engines of growth and high-value employees within established organizations, which can be equally rewarding, ultimately,and perhaps less painful then the entrepreneurial life.”

韋斯特貝克說(shuō)：“每所學(xué)校都清楚，創(chuàng)業(yè)這個(gè)概念在新來(lái)的學(xué)生中很受追捧。它們同時(shí)也清楚，大部分學(xué)生最終不會(huì)成為成功企業(yè)家，而是會(huì)在別人創(chuàng)辦的機(jī)構(gòu)中就職。從某種意義上說(shuō)，商學(xué)院在為有志成為企業(yè)家的人士培養(yǎng)老牌機(jī)構(gòu)中增長(zhǎng)火車(chē)頭以及高價(jià)值員工所需要的技能。在老牌機(jī)構(gòu)就職，最終同樣可能獲得豐厚回報(bào)，而且或許比創(chuàng)業(yè)更輕松些。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))