前沿資訊：以太坊重大變革——改善權力下放和無許可
In his blog post titled "The Near and Mid-Term Future of Improving the Ethereum Network's Permissionlessness and Decentralization," Vitalik Buterin outlines significant advancements for Ethereum's network. The primary focus is on developing strategies and implementing key protocol enhancements to enhance the experience for node operators and users on both Layer 1 and Layer 2.
Vitalik Buterin 在他的博客文章中，標題為“改善以太坊網(wǎng)絡的無許可和權力下放的未來”，概述了以太坊網(wǎng)絡的重大進步。主要重點是制定策略和實施關鍵協(xié)議增強功能，以增強第1層和第2層的節(jié)點運算符和用戶的體驗。
Ethereum's Development Goals
以太坊的發(fā)展目標
The Ethereum community and developers are continually questioning whether the network's development is aligned with the right goals. Concerns about the network's decentralization, along with the technical capacity to ship large and significant features, are being addressed, with many of these improvements already in progress. The focus now is to address the concerns raised by the community and provide viable solutions.
以太坊社區(qū)和開發(fā)人員不斷質(zhì)疑網(wǎng)絡的發(fā)展是否符合正確的目標。對網(wǎng)絡去中心化的擔憂，以及開發(fā)大型重要功能的技術能力，正在得到解決，其中許多改進已經(jīng)在進行中?，F(xiàn)在的重點是解決社區(qū)提出的問題，并提供可行的解決方案。
Miner Extractable Value (MEV) and Builder Dependence
礦工可提取價值（MEV）和開發(fā)者依賴
Miner Extractable Value (MEV), a revenue form that only can be gained by executing complex strategies within various DeFi protocols, has caused concern within the Ethereum community. This form of revenue has led to large actors gaining a higher return per block due to their ability to optimize extraction algorithms. Ethereum researchers are working to minimize this issue by limiting the power of builders while still allowing them to optimize arbitrage and other forms of MEV collecting. The goal is to reduce the builder's power to exclude or delay transactions, thereby preventing certain types of attacks.
礦工可提取價值（MEV）是一種只能通過在各種 DeFi 協(xié)議中執(zhí)行復雜策略才能獲得的收入形式，它已引起以太坊社區(qū)的關注。這種收入形式導致大型參與者因其優(yōu)化提取算法的能力而在每個區(qū)塊中獲得更高的回報。以太坊研究人員正在努力通過限制構建者的權力來盡量減少這一問題，同時仍允許他們優(yōu)化套利和其他形式的 MEV 收集。目標是降低構建者排除或延遲交易的能力，從而防止某些類型的攻擊。
Liquid Staking
流動性質(zhì)押
Most Ethereum staking is currently done by various providers, including centralized operators and DAOs like Lido and RocketPool. However, solo stakers still make up a relatively small percentage of all Ethereum staking. The Ethereum community is researching ways to increase solo staking by reducing the minimum deposit size and simplifying the setup process. The goal is to make solo staking more accessible and economically viable for a wider range of participants.
目前，大多數(shù)以太坊盯盤都是由各種提供商完成的，包括集中式運營商和 DAO（如 Lido 和 RocketPool）。然而，單人注資者在所有以太坊注資者中所占的比例仍然相對較小。以太坊社區(qū)正在研究如何通過降低最低存款額和簡化設置流程來增加單人注資。我們的目標是讓更多的參與者能夠更方便地進行單人盯盤，并在經(jīng)濟上更可行。
Hardware Requirements of Nodes
節(jié)點的硬件要求
The accessibility of running a node has been a contentious issue within the blockchain community for a decade. While running a node is currently challenging and requires significant resources, Ethereum is working on solutions to reduce the hardware requirements. Implementations of Verkle trees and EIP-4444 could potentially decrease node hardware requirements to less than a hundred gigabytes. Future developments could possibly reduce these requirements even further.
十年來，運行節(jié)點的可訪問性一直是區(qū)塊鏈社區(qū)中一個有爭議的問題。雖然運行節(jié)點目前具有挑戰(zhàn)性，需要大量資源，但以太坊正在研究降低硬件要求的解決方案。Verkle樹和EIP-4444的實現(xiàn)有可能將節(jié)點硬件需求降至100千兆字節(jié)以下。未來的發(fā)展可能會進一步降低這些要求。
Conclusions
結(jié)論
Ethereum is taking steps to move away from reliance on a small number of large-scale actors for network operations. Current protocol proposals are emphasizing the need for a truly decentralized network, with developments such as stateless nodes, MEV mitigations, and single-slot finality already underway. However, there is still much work to be done to further enhance Ethereum's decentralization and permissionlessness.
以太坊正在采取措施，擺脫網(wǎng)絡運營對少數(shù)大規(guī)模參與者的依賴。當前的協(xié)議提案正在強調(diào)建立一個真正去中心化網(wǎng)絡的必要性，無狀態(tài)節(jié)點、MEV 緩解和單槽終結(jié)等開發(fā)工作已經(jīng)在進行中。然而，要進一步增強以太坊的去中心化和無權限性，仍有許多工作要做。
