前沿資訊：以太坊重大變革——改善權(quán)力下放和無(wú)許可

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In his blog post titled "The Near and Mid-Term Future of Improving the Ethereum Network's Permissionlessness and Decentralization," Vitalik Buterin outlines significant advancements for Ethereum's network. The primary focus is on developing strategies and implementing key protocol enhancements to enhance the experience for node operators and users on both Layer 1 and Layer 2.

Vitalik Buterin 在他的博客文章中，標(biāo)題為“改善以太坊網(wǎng)絡(luò)的無(wú)許可和權(quán)力下放的未來(lái)”，概述了以太坊網(wǎng)絡(luò)的重大進(jìn)步。主要重點(diǎn)是制定策略和實(shí)施關(guān)鍵協(xié)議增強(qiáng)功能，以增強(qiáng)第1層和第2層的節(jié)點(diǎn)運(yùn)算符和用戶的體驗(yàn)。
 

Ethereum's Development Goals

以太坊的發(fā)展目標(biāo)

The Ethereum community and developers are continually questioning whether the network's development is aligned with the right goals. Concerns about the network's decentralization, along with the technical capacity to ship large and significant features, are being addressed, with many of these improvements already in progress. The focus now is to address the concerns raised by the community and provide viable solutions.

以太坊社區(qū)和開(kāi)發(fā)人員不斷質(zhì)疑網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展是否符合正確的目標(biāo)。對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)去中心化的擔(dān)憂，以及開(kāi)發(fā)大型重要功能的技術(shù)能力，正在得到解決，其中許多改進(jìn)已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行中。現(xiàn)在的重點(diǎn)是解決社區(qū)提出的問(wèn)題，并提供可行的解決方案。

Miner Extractable Value (MEV) and Builder Dependence

礦工可提取價(jià)值（MEV）和開(kāi)發(fā)者依賴

Miner Extractable Value (MEV), a revenue form that only can be gained by executing complex strategies within various DeFi protocols, has caused concern within the Ethereum community. This form of revenue has led to large actors gaining a higher return per block due to their ability to optimize extraction algorithms. Ethereum researchers are working to minimize this issue by limiting the power of builders while still allowing them to optimize arbitrage and other forms of MEV collecting. The goal is to reduce the builder's power to exclude or delay transactions, thereby preventing certain types of attacks.

礦工可提取價(jià)值（MEV）是一種只能通過(guò)在各種 DeFi 協(xié)議中執(zhí)行復(fù)雜策略才能獲得的收入形式，它已引起以太坊社區(qū)的關(guān)注。這種收入形式導(dǎo)致大型參與者因其優(yōu)化提取算法的能力而在每個(gè)區(qū)塊中獲得更高的回報(bào)。以太坊研究人員正在努力通過(guò)限制構(gòu)建者的權(quán)力來(lái)盡量減少這一問(wèn)題，同時(shí)仍允許他們優(yōu)化套利和其他形式的 MEV 收集。目標(biāo)是降低構(gòu)建者排除或延遲交易的能力，從而防止某些類型的攻擊。

Liquid Staking

流動(dòng)性質(zhì)押

Most Ethereum staking is currently done by various providers, including centralized operators and DAOs like Lido and RocketPool. However, solo stakers still make up a relatively small percentage of all Ethereum staking. The Ethereum community is researching ways to increase solo staking by reducing the minimum deposit size and simplifying the setup process. The goal is to make solo staking more accessible and economically viable for a wider range of participants.

目前，大多數(shù)以太坊盯盤都是由各種提供商完成的，包括集中式運(yùn)營(yíng)商和 DAO（如 Lido 和 RocketPool）。然而，單人注資者在所有以太坊注資者中所占的比例仍然相對(duì)較小。以太坊社區(qū)正在研究如何通過(guò)降低最低存款額和簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)置流程來(lái)增加單人注資。我們的目標(biāo)是讓更多的參與者能夠更方便地進(jìn)行單人盯盤，并在經(jīng)濟(jì)上更可行。
 

Hardware Requirements of Nodes

節(jié)點(diǎn)的硬件要求

The accessibility of running a node has been a contentious issue within the blockchain community for a decade. While running a node is currently challenging and requires significant resources, Ethereum is working on solutions to reduce the hardware requirements. Implementations of Verkle trees and EIP-4444 could potentially decrease node hardware requirements to less than a hundred gigabytes. Future developments could possibly reduce these requirements even further.

十年來(lái)，運(yùn)行節(jié)點(diǎn)的可訪問(wèn)性一直是區(qū)塊鏈社區(qū)中一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。雖然運(yùn)行節(jié)點(diǎn)目前具有挑戰(zhàn)性，需要大量資源，但以太坊正在研究降低硬件要求的解決方案。Verkle樹(shù)和EIP-4444的實(shí)現(xiàn)有可能將節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件需求降至100千兆字節(jié)以下。未來(lái)的發(fā)展可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步降低這些要求。
 

Conclusions

結(jié)論

Ethereum is taking steps to move away from reliance on a small number of large-scale actors for network operations. Current protocol proposals are emphasizing the need for a truly decentralized network, with developments such as stateless nodes, MEV mitigations, and single-slot finality already underway. However, there is still much work to be done to further enhance Ethereum's decentralization and permissionlessness.

以太坊正在采取措施，擺脫網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營(yíng)對(duì)少數(shù)大規(guī)模參與者的依賴。當(dāng)前的協(xié)議提案正在強(qiáng)調(diào)建立一個(gè)真正去中心化網(wǎng)絡(luò)的必要性，無(wú)狀態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)、MEV 緩解和單槽終結(jié)等開(kāi)發(fā)工作已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行中。然而，要進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)以太坊的去中心化和無(wú)權(quán)限性，仍有許多工作要做。