2022年11月06日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：著名作家的親戚在新書中提出新的社會(huì)規(guī)則

 

The famous American expert on manners, Emily Post, died in 1960. But two of Post's family members have updated her book of advice for the 21st century on the 100th anniversary of the first edition.
美國(guó)著名的禮儀專家艾米麗·波斯特 (Emily Post) 于 1960 年去世。但波斯特的兩位家庭成員在第一版出版 100 周年之際更新了她的 21 世紀(jì)建議書。
 
Etiquette is a word describing the rules for acceptable behavior among members of a society. But different societies and cultures have different rules.
禮儀是描述社會(huì)成員之間可接受的行為規(guī)則的詞。但是不同的社會(huì)和文化有不同的規(guī)則。
 
"I think mostly that it's really easy to paint etiquette and manners as tools for elitism, tools for secrecy, tools for exclusion," said Lizzie Post. She is Emily's great-great-granddaughter and co-writer of the latest Emily Post's Etiquette.
“我主要認(rèn)為，將禮儀和禮儀描繪成精英主義的工具、保密的工具、排斥的工具真的很容易，”Lizzie Post 說。她是艾米麗的曾曾孫女，也是最新艾米麗郵報(bào)禮儀的合著者。
 
"But when we're using etiquette and manners as a tool for self-reflection and awareness of others, I think we're really going to have a chance to make the world a nicer place," she said.
“但當(dāng)我們使用禮儀和禮儀作為自我反思和了解他人的工具時(shí)，我認(rèn)為我們真的有機(jī)會(huì)讓世界變得更美好，”她說。
 
Post published her first version of the etiquette book under a different name in 1922. The book has been changed over the years, but the 20th edition, which was released in October, is its biggest update.
波斯特于 1922 年以不同的名稱出版了她的第一版禮儀書。這本書多年來(lái)一直在更改，但 10 月發(fā)布的第 20 版是其最大的更新。
 
The new book still has advice for setting dinner tables and dressing up for different events. There is also advice on how to give gifts and how to give extra money to food servers. But Post, and her cousin and co-writer, Daniel Post Senning, are interested in modern issues. They have included ideas from people who called in to their Awesome Etiquette podcast program.
這本新書仍然對(duì)設(shè)置餐桌和為不同的活動(dòng)著裝提出了建議。還有關(guān)于如何送禮物以及如何給食物服務(wù)員額外的錢的建議。但波斯特和她的表弟兼合著者丹尼爾波斯特森寧對(duì)現(xiàn)代問題很感興趣。他們包含了來(lái)自調(diào)用他們 Awesome Etiquette 播客計(jì)劃的人的想法。
 
Some of the issues have been made timely by the COVID-19 pandemic and the #MeToo movement, which reacted against sexual abuse. The book covers issues like handshakes, and seeking permission to hug or kiss on the cheek — actions that once were common.
COVID-19 大流行和針對(duì)性虐待的#MeToo 運(yùn)動(dòng)及時(shí)解決了一些問題。這本書涵蓋了握手、尋求允許擁抱或親吻臉頰等問題——這些行為曾經(jīng)很常見。
 
There is also advice on how to handle failed marriages and separations.
還有關(guān)于如何處理失敗的婚姻和分居的建議。
 
"Avoid trying to push or suggest the right decision for a friend," the Posts write in the new book. "It's especially important to be careful what you say around children whose parents are separated or divorcing."
“避免試圖為朋友推動(dòng)或建議正確的決定，”帖子在新書中寫道。“特別重要的是要小心你對(duì)父母分居或離婚的孩子說的話。”
 
The book also deals with subjects that were not described in Emily Post's time, like mourning a miscarriage.
這本書還涉及艾米莉·波斯特時(shí)代沒有描述的主題，比如哀悼流產(chǎn)。
 
You do not want to say things like "'Next time it'll happen,'" or "`This just wasn't your time,'" the book advises.
這本書建議你不要說“'下次它會(huì)發(fā)生'”或“'這不是你的時(shí)間'”之類的話。
 
Emily Post grew up in Baltimore, Maryland and New York City. But through her travels, Emily learned more about the lives of those outside her social status.
Emily Post 在巴爾的摩、馬里蘭州和紐約市長(zhǎng)大。但通過她的旅行，艾米麗更多地了解了她社會(huì)地位之外的人的生活。
 
The younger Posts also deal with the subject of privilege. In the book they write: "Privilege can be and sound like many different things, but…it mostly comes across as a lack of awareness that you have benefited in a way others may not have."
較年輕的職位也處理特權(quán)主題。他們?cè)跁袑懙溃?ldquo;特權(quán)可以是并且聽起來(lái)像許多不同的東西，但是……它主要表現(xiàn)為缺乏意識(shí)，即您以其他人可能沒有的方式受益。”
 
Modern-day manners on gender pronouns, like "he" and "she," are also discussed in the new book. Using the pronoun a person wants to be called is a way to show to support and respect, the book says.
新書中還討論了現(xiàn)代性別代詞的禮儀，如“他”和“她”。這本書說，使用一個(gè)人想要被稱呼的代詞是一種表示支持和尊重的方式。
 
"You might think someone's pronouns are easy enough to tell just by looking at them, but the reality is this isn't always the case," the Posts wrote.
“你可能認(rèn)為某人的代詞很容易通過看他們來(lái)分辨，但現(xiàn)實(shí)情況并非總是如此，”帖子寫道。
 
In her books, Emily Post grew "more inclusive over the years," said the Lizzie, her great-great granddaughter. Emily Post's etiquette became based more on education than wealth, she said.
她的曾曾孫女莉齊說，在她的書中，艾米麗·波斯特“多年來(lái)變得更具包容性”。她說，Emily Post 的禮節(jié)更多地基于教育而不是財(cái)富。
 
For that, Lizzie Post said, "I'm happy."
為此，Lizzie Post 說：“我很高興。”