In the spring of 1917, when Doctor Richard Diver first arrived in Zurich, he was twenty-six years old, a fine age for a man, indeed the very acme of bachelorhood. Even in war-time days, it was a fine age for Dick, who was already too valuable, too much of a capital investment to be shot off in a gun. Years later it seemed to him that even in this sanctuary he did not escape lightly, but about that he never fully made up his mind—in 1917 he laughed at the idea, saying apologetically that the war didn’t touch him at all. Instructions from his local board were that he was to complete his studies in Zurich and take a degree as he had planned.
Switzerland was an island, washed on one side by the waves of thunder around Gorizia and on another by the cataracts along the Somme and the Aisne. For once there seemed more intriguing strangers than sick ones in the cantons, but that had to be guessed at—the men who whispered in the little cafés of Berne and Geneva were as likely to be diamond salesmen or commercial travellers. However, no one had missed the long trains of blinded or one-legged men, or dying trunks, that crossed each other between the bright lakes of Constance and Neuchatel. In the beer-halls and shop-windows were bright posters presenting the Swiss defending their frontiers in 1914—with inspiring ferocity young men and old men glared down from the mountains at phantom French and Germans; the purpose was to assure the Swiss heart that it had shared the contagious glory of those days. As the massacre continued the posters withered away, and no country was more surprised than its sister republic when the United States bungled its way into the war.
Doctor Diver had seen around the edges of the war by that time: he was an Oxford Rhodes Scholar from Connecticut in 1914. He returned home for a final year at Johns Hopkins, and took his degree. In 1916 he managed to get to Vienna under the impression that, if he did not make haste, the great Freud would eventually succumb to an aeroplane bomb. Even then Vienna was old with death but Dick managed to get enough coal and oil to sit in his room in the Damenstiftgasse and write the pamphlets that he later destroyed, but that, rewritten, were the backbone of the book he published in Zurich in 1920.
Most of us have a favorite, a heroic period, in our lives and that was Dick Diver’s. For one thing he had no idea that he was charming, that the affection he gave and inspired was anything unusual among healthy people. In his last year at New Haven some one referred to him as “l(fā)ucky Dick”—the name lingered in his head.
“Lucky Dick, you big stiff,” he would whisper to himself, walking around the last sticks of flame in his room. “You hit it, my boy. Nobody knew it was there before you came along.”
At the beginning of 1917, when it was becoming difficult to find coal, Dick burned for fuel almost a hundred textbooks that he had accumulated; but only, as he laid each one on the fire, with an assurance chuckling inside him that he was himself a digest of what was within the book, that he could brief it five years from now, if it deserved to be briefed. This went on at any odd hour, if necessary, with a floor rug over his shoulders, with the fine quiet of the scholar which is nearest of all things to heavenly peace—but which, as will presently be told, had to end.
For its temporary continuance he thanked his body that had done the flying rings at New Haven, and now swam in the winter Danube. With Elkins, second secretary at the Embassy, he shared an apartment, and there were two nice girl visitors—which was that and not too much of it, nor too much of the Embassy either. His contact with Ed Elkins aroused in him a first faint doubt as to the quality of his mental processes; he could not feel that they were profoundly different from the thinking of Elkins—Elkins, who would name you all the quarterbacks in New Haven for thirty years.
“—And Lucky Dick can’t be one of these clever men; he must be less intact, even faintly destroyed. If life won’t do it for him it’s not a substitute to get a disease, or a broken heart, or an inferiority complex, though it’d be nice to build out some broken side till it was better than the original structure.”
He mocked at his reasoning, calling it specious and “American”—his criteria of uncerebral phrase-making was that it was American. He knew, though, that the price of his intactness was incompleteness.
“The best I can wish you, my child,” so said the Fairy Blackstick in Thackeray’s The Rose and the Ring, “is a little misfortune.”
In some moods he griped at his own reasoning: Could I help it that Pete Livingstone sat in the locker-room Tap Day when everybody looked all over hell for him? And I got an election when otherwise I wouldn’t have got Elihu, knowing so few men. He was good and right and I ought to have sat in the locker-room instead. Maybe I would, if I’d thought I had a chance at an election. But Mercer kept coming to my room all those weeks. I guess I knew I had a chance all right, all right. But it would have served me right if I’d swallowed my pin in the shower and set up a conflict.
After the lectures at the university he used to argue this point with a young Rumanian intellectual who reassured him:“There’s no evidence that Goethe ever had a ‘conflict’ in the modern sense, or a man like Jung, for instance. You’re not a romantic philosopher—you’re a scientist. Memory, force, character—especially good sense. That’s going to be your trouble—judgment about yourself. Once I knew a man who worked two years on the brain of an armadillo, with the idea that he would sooner or later know more about the brain of an armadillo than any one. I kept arguing with him that he was not really pushing out the extension of the human range—it was too arbitrary. And sure enough, when he sent his work to the medical journal they refused it—they had just accepted a thesis by another man on the same subject.”
Dick got up to Zurich on less Achilles’ heels than would be required to equip a centipede, but with plenty—the illusions of eternal strength and health, and of the essential goodness of people; illusions of a nation, the lies of generations of frontier mothers who had to croon falsely that there were no wolves outside the cabin door. After he took his degree, he received his orders to join a neurological unit forming in Bar-sur-Aube.
In France, to his disgust, the work was executive rather than practical. In compensation he found time to complete the short textbook and assemble the material for his next venture. He returned to Zurich in the spring of 1919 discharged.
The foregoing has the ring of a biography, without the satisfaction of knowing that the hero, like Grant, lolling in his general store in Galena, is ready to be called to an intricate destiny. Moreover it is confusing to come across a youthful photograph of some one known in a rounded maturity and gaze with a shock upon a fiery, wiry, eagle-eyed stranger. Best to be reassuring—Dick Diver’s moment now began.
一九一七年春天,理查德·戴弗醫(yī)生初到蘇黎世時二十六歲,正是男人的大好年華,更是單身漢的黃金時代。即使正值戰(zhàn)爭年代,這也是迪克的好時光——他已成為一個寶貴人才,受到大力培養(yǎng),是當不了炮灰的。而幾年后,他覺得即使偏安一隅,日子也并非逍遙自在(不過,對于這一點,他心中并無定論)。在一九一七年,他還嘲笑過這種想法,歉疚地說戰(zhàn)爭連他的一根頭發(fā)絲都沒有碰到。家鄉(xiāng)的醫(yī)學董事會給他的指示是:完成在蘇黎世的學業(yè),按原定計劃拿到學位。
瑞士就像一座孤島,一邊受意大利戈里齊亞一帶狂濤怒浪的沖刷,另一邊則有法國索姆河和埃納河的激流咆哮而過。有一段時間,出現在瑞士各州的身份不明的外國人似乎多于前來療養(yǎng)的病人。在伯爾尼和日內瓦的小咖啡館里處處可見竊竊私語的外國人,他們的身份難以猜測——可能是珠寶商人,也可能是旅行推銷員。不過,盲人啦,獨腿人啦,奄奄待斃的可憐人啦,在康斯坦茨湖以及紐沙特爾湖那明媚的湖畔也是處處可以遇見的??Х瑞^以及商店的櫥窗里貼著鮮艷的宣傳畫,畫的是一九一四年瑞士人保衛(wèi)邊疆的情景(同仇敵愾的青年和老人在山頭怒視著山下假想的敵人——法國人和德國人),目的是要振奮民心,讓瑞士國民不要忘記過去的光榮歲月。隨著大屠殺的持續(xù)進行,這些宣傳畫漸漸失去了感召力。當美國也卷入戰(zhàn)爭時,沒有哪個國家比同為共和國的瑞士更感到吃驚了。
此時,戴弗醫(yī)生處于戰(zhàn)爭的邊緣,聞到了硝煙味。一九一四年,他獲得羅茲獎學金,從美國的康涅狄格州到牛津大學學習,最后一個學年回國在約翰·霍普金斯大學繼續(xù)學習,并獲得了學位。一九一六年,他急急忙忙趕到了維也納,如果不早點兒去,他覺得弗洛伊德大師說不定哪一天就會死于空襲。即使在那個時候,維也納也彌漫著死亡的氣息。不過,迪克想辦法搞到了足夠的取暖的煤炭和點燈用的煤油,躲在修女街的出租屋里寫論文(這些論文曾被他付之一炬后,又重新寫出來,成為他一九二○年在蘇黎世出版的那本專著的奠基石)。
在我們的一生中,恐怕人人都有自己得意和風光的時期,而那些日子就是迪克·戴弗的得意期。首先,他有著迷人的魅力(只是他不知道罷了),時常給人以關愛,也能激起別人對他的愛戴,這在普通男女中是不多見的。在紐黑文的最后一年,有人稱他是“福星迪克”——這稱號他始終難以忘懷。
“好一個‘福星迪克’,你這個大傻瓜!”他常常在出租屋里繞著即將熄滅的爐火踱步,一邊暗暗對自己這樣說,“你只不過是瞎貓逮住個死老鼠,碰上好運氣罷了,伙計。別人沒碰上,而你碰上了!”
到了一九一七年初,就比較難搞到煤炭了。于是,他就把積存下來的差不多一百冊教材都當柴火燒了。每當將一冊書投入火中,他都會自信地一笑,覺得自己已經掌握了書里的內容,哪怕再過上五年,要他簡單復述,他也能復述得了。這種非常的情況就出現在那個非常的時期。如果冷得受不了,他就把一塊地毯披在身上御寒,心中卻感受到學者的那種恬然自得(心情如接近天堂那樣寧靜)。不過,如下所述,這樣的日子勢必會終結的。
多虧他在紐黑文練過吊環(huán),身體很棒,才能在那種環(huán)境里堅持學習,而且還能在多瑙河里冬泳。他和大使館二等秘書埃爾金斯合住一套公寓,有兩個可愛的女孩常來往(僅此二人,別人不常來,大使館的人也不常來)。在與埃德·埃爾金斯的交往中,他開始對自己的智力是否上乘有了幾絲懷疑,覺得埃爾金斯的智力跟他沒有多大的差別——埃爾金斯能報得出紐黑文橄欖球隊三十年中所有四分衛(wèi)球員的名字。
“‘福星迪克’不可能屬于這類聰明人,絕對不是什么完人,甚至還稍有欠缺。假如命運不是如此安排,而是叫他疾病纏身,或者心靈破碎,抑或自卑感嚴重,那就另當別論了(不過,如果有了缺陷,修復后也許比原樣更好呢)。”
他暗自嘲笑自己的這一推論,稱之為“似是而非的瞎說”,是“美國式”推論——只要是非理智性的言論,他就將其歸于“美國式”。不過他也清楚,他雖然完好無損,但付出的代價卻是“不完美”。
“我對你最大的希望,我的孩子,”在薩克雷的作品《玫瑰和戒指》中,仙女布萊克斯迪克如此說,“就是讓你的命運有一些波折。”
有時他對自己的推論感到頗為得意。在一個選舉日,他心想:“大伙兒四處找皮特·利文斯頓,誰知他卻坐在更衣室里不出來,這能怪我嗎?我認識的人太少,是不可能擊敗伊萊休的,但我卻勝出了。他出類拔萃,是個合適的人選,也許我應該坐在更衣室里不出來才對。如果我想到自己有機會當選,也許會那么做的。可是,默瑟那幾個星期老來宿舍找我,我應該知道自己是有機會當選的呀!自己釀下的苦果自己吃!誰叫我自找麻煩,使自己陷于糾結的境地!”
上大學時,課后他常跟一位年輕的羅馬尼亞學者探討這個問題。那人安慰他說:“沒有證據表明歌德曾有過這種現代意味的‘糾結’,榮格那樣的人也未曾有過。你不是浪漫的哲學家,而是一個科學家。記憶、邏輯力量、性格——尤其是良知,這些都會成為你判斷自我的障礙。我曾經認識一個人,他花了兩年時間研究犰狳的大腦,自以為他所獲得的有關犰狳大腦的知識終究會超過任何人。我不停地同他爭論,說他并未真正地了解人類知識的廣度,認為他的看法過于武斷。果不其然,當他將研究論文投給一家醫(yī)學雜志時,遭到了拒絕,原因是他們剛剛接受了另外一個人寫的論文,也是同樣的課題?!?/p>
迪克去蘇黎世時,身上的阿喀琉斯之踵雖說沒有蜈蚣的腿那么多,但數量也是可觀的——例如,他錯以為一個人可以永遠精力充沛、身體健康,以為人心都是善良的。對于國家,他也有錯誤的認識,就像生活在邊疆的母親低聲吟唱代代相傳的謊言(她們硬說木屋門外沒有狼)。獲得學位后,他奉命參加了一支在奧布河畔的巴爾城組建的精神病醫(yī)療隊。
到了法國,他大為掃興——他干的是行政工作,而非治病救人。作為補償,他尋找時間寫完了他那本簡明教材,并為他的下一部著作收集了材料。一九一九年春,醫(yī)療隊解散,他回到了蘇黎世。
上面的文字有點像在寫人物傳記,只不過沒有寫明此處的主人公一如當年的格蘭特——格蘭特曾在加萊納的一家雜貨店里消磨時光,隨時準備聽從召喚,迎接撲朔迷離的命運。如果你看到過一個熟人的照片(他剛剛步入成年,青春洋溢),后來見他簡直變成了一個陌生人(熱情似火、體魄健壯、目光炯炯),你一定會感到困惑和吃驚的。這就是迪克·戴弗的寫照——真正的他現在粉墨登場了!