初中·課本中不會教你的 572　賓語從句可以用哪些詞引導(dǎo)

572　賓語從句可以用哪些詞引導(dǎo)

　賓語從句是作及物動詞或介詞賓語的句子。賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，要根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)和句義作相應(yīng)的變化。賓語從句一定要用陳述句語序。賓語從句要用引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞有下面幾種。

1　用that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

原句如果是陳述句，變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要用that引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，本身沒有詞義，只起引導(dǎo)作用，也常可省略。

Jack is from Nanjing. She says.

She says （that ） Jack is from Nanjing. 她說杰克來自南京 。

He studies very hard. She told me.

She told me (that) he studied very hard. 她告訴我他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力 。（主句是過去時，從句謂語動詞要用過去有關(guān)時態(tài) ）

Jim will go there soon. She said.

She said (that) Jim would go there soon. 她說吉姆不久就將去那里 。（從句改用過去將來時）

2　用if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 。

原句如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要用if或whether引導(dǎo)，并把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。

注意：①if或whether不可省略，②用了if或whether，不可再用that。

Is he a worker? She asks.

She asks if he is a worker. 她問他是不是個工人 。

Does he live in the room? She wanted to know.

She wanted to know if he lived in the room. 她想知道他是否住在這間房里 。（主句為過去時，從句要用過去有關(guān)時態(tài) ）

Will Tom try again?She asked me.

She asked me whether Tom would try again. （正）她問我湯姆是否將再試一次 。

She asked me whether Tom will try again? （誤）

She asked me whether would Tom try again. （誤）

She asked me that whether Tom would try again. （誤）

3　用who, whom, whose, which, what, how many, how much等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

如果原句是由who等構(gòu)成的特殊疑問句，變?yōu)橘e語從句時，仍然用who等引導(dǎo)，并將疑問句語序改為陳述句語序，但如果關(guān)系代詞本身作主語或修飾主語，則語序不變。

注意：①who等不可省略，②用了who等不可再用that。

Who is the man over there? He asks.

He asks who the man is over there. 他問那邊那個人是誰 。（who作表語 ）

Who is reading in the room?She asks.

She asks who is reading in the room. 她問誰在房間里讀書 。（who作主語 ）

What book is he reading? She asked.

She asked what book he was reading. 她問他在讀什么書 。（what作賓語的定語，時態(tài)也相應(yīng)變化 ）

What has happened to him? She asked.

She asked what had happened to him. 她問他發(fā)生了什么事 。（what作主語，時態(tài)也應(yīng)變化 ）

How much money does he have? She asked me.

She asked me how much money he had. 她問我他有多少錢 。（how much作賓語的定語，時態(tài)也相應(yīng)變化）

4　用where, when, why等疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

如果原句是由where等疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，變?yōu)橘e語從句時，仍然用where等引導(dǎo)，并把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。

注意：①where等不可省略，②用了where等詞，不可再用that。

Where does he work? She asks.

She asks where he works. 她問他在哪里工作 。

When will Jim return? She asked.

She asked when Jim would return. 她問吉姆什么時候回來 。（時態(tài)作相應(yīng)變化 ）

How did Tom do it? She asked.

She asked how Tom had done it. 她問湯姆是怎樣做那件事的 。（時態(tài)作相應(yīng)變化 ）

提示

如果原句是祈使句肯定式，改為賓語時，要轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式肯定式，即to do sth.；如果原句是祈使句否定式，改為賓語時，要轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式否定式，即not to do sth.。

注意：①不定式前不可加that等引導(dǎo)詞，②原句中的please要去掉，③不定式不受句中謂語時態(tài)的影響，④如果原句中有稱呼語，要把這個稱呼語改為賓語，⑤原句中的said要改為asked, told等。

Please close the window. He asks Tom.

He asks Tom to close the window. （正）他要湯姆把窗戶關(guān)上。

He asks Tom to please close the window. （誤）

老師告訴她不要說那么快。

Don't speak so fast. The teacher told her. （正）

The teacher told her not to speak so fast. （正）

The teacher told her don't speak so fast. （誤）

“Jim , have a cup of tea”, he said . “吉姆，喝杯茶”，他說。

He asked Jim to have a cup of tea. 他要吉姆喝杯茶。