閱讀理解分析（A） 如何應(yīng)對“猜詞題”？

閱讀理解分析（A） 如何應(yīng)對“猜詞題”？

解題思路

猜詞題是英語閱讀理解中必考的題型，主要考查考生對于文章中的某個詞語、詞組、句子等意思的理解和猜測，其主要目的在于考查考生的英語語言基本功。主要包括以下四種類型：

1．猜測某個單詞的意思，常見的問題形式有：

The word "..." in Paragraph ×/Line × probably means/refers to________.

Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the word "..."?

The word "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×) denotes________.

The word "..." could best be replaced by________.

By "...", the author means________.

2．猜測某個詞組的意思，常見的問題形式有：

In Line ×, the phrase "..." probably means________.

What does the author mean by "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×)?

The expression "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×) most probably means________.

In Paragraph ×, "..." probably refers to________.

3．猜測某個句子的含義，常見的問題形式有：

The sentence "..." in the × paragraph implies that________.

By saying "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×), ...means that________.

What does the author mean by "..." (Line ×, Paragraph ×)?

What is implied in the first sentence?

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is________.

4．猜測某個詞語的指代含義，常見的問題形式有：

it/they/them in Line × refers to/stands for________.

The word "it" (Line ×, Paragraph ×) most probably refers to________.

猜測單詞或詞組的題的特點(diǎn)及所處位置總結(jié)如下：

1．常用單詞和超綱單詞；

2．特殊詞匯和搭配詞組；

3．引言；

4．同位語或者同位語從句、定語或者定語從句、賓語從句等；

5．特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號前后，如冒號、引號、分號或者破折號；

6．列舉、對比、類比前后；

7．代詞或意思籠統(tǒng)的單詞和集體名詞。

猜詞題的解題方法主要有三種：

第一，積累詞匯量：考生應(yīng)在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中，掌握絕大部分的大綱詞匯，甚至積累一定量的超綱詞匯。

第二，詞根詞綴法：利用構(gòu)詞法，通過分析生詞“內(nèi)部”的前綴、后綴和詞根，推測生詞的大致含義。

第三，代入上下文：通過上下文的整體框架來推測含義，同時也要借助邏輯判斷和常識的積累。

真題回放

Youth Emancipation in Spain

The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

Around 55 percent of people aged 18～34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.

To coax (勸誘) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation (解放)" program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious (不穩(wěn)定的) labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.

Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (社會學(xué)家). Family ties in south Europe—Italy, Portugal and Greece—are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding".

In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized, said Minguez.

In Spain, especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外甥、侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist, said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos Ⅲ University of Madrid.

Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores (家務(wù)) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.

His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well. Masso said. (2009年)

35. The phrase "wary of" in Paragraph 8 could be best replaced by________.

A. tired of

B. afraid of

C. cautious about

D. worried about

35．C。［答案解析］be wary of是固定搭配：留意、謹(jǐn)防，由此可見正確答案為C: cautious about對……謹(jǐn)慎。即使不了解該固定搭配，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容也可得出正確答案。

Achilles' heel

The father was furious, "If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish (自私的)!"

...Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.

In this passage, the underlined word "furious" means________.

A. very angry

B. quite happy

C. too excited

D. a little nervous

［典型錯誤］有些考生根據(jù)furious后father的話進(jìn)行判斷，可能得出的結(jié)論是a little nervous或者too excited等，因而錯選C、D項(xiàng)。

［錯因分析］造成這種錯誤的原因是考生遇到生詞后，不能從上下文來正確判斷，而且沒有掌握關(guān)鍵性詞語的含義（如he got angry again）。

［正確答案］A。根據(jù)下文敘述的he got angry again可知，之前這個男孩的父親是已經(jīng)生過氣了，再結(jié)合上下文，就可以確定答案為A。

［歸納拓展］

1．猜詞題中常常會有干擾項(xiàng)，這些干擾項(xiàng)看上去與所考查的單詞拼寫相近或者意義相近，或者放在原文中在邏輯上和常識上都沒有問題，但是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)推敲發(fā)現(xiàn)并不符合上下文?？忌苊馐艿竭@些選項(xiàng)的干擾。

2．正確答案中一般不會有任何表示絕對意義的單詞或詞組；如果四個選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了意義相反的兩個單詞或詞組，那么正確答案必定是這兩個選項(xiàng)中的一個，故可以排除掉另外兩個選項(xiàng)，提高答題的正確率。