概括大意與完成句子 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 二

（二）Three Kinds of Loneliness

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暫時(shí)的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (長(zhǎng)期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e. g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons. First of all, they are unhappy and unable to socialize with others like normal people. Besides, most importantly, there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

1. Paragraph 2________.

2. Paragraph 3________.

3. Paragraph 4________.

4. Paragraph 5________.

* * *

A. Two kinds of loneliness

B. Two reasons for assisting people with chronic loneliness

C. Temporary loneliness

D. Psychologists' agreement

E. Habitual loneliness

F. One reason for loneliness—socialization

* * *

5. Family problems can lead to________.

6. People with chronic loneliness think they can do nothing to________.

7. We rely on our friends to a great extent because________.

8. The most important reason for psychologists to help habitually lonely people is that________.

* * *

A. improve their ability of socializing with other people

B. temporary loneliness

C. situational loneliness

D. go out with people

E. this kind of loneliness can lead to serious illness

F. we have common interests

* * *

［答案解析］

1．A。［解析］第二段沒有主題句，但迅速瀏覽全段我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)The first kind of loneliness和The second kind這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)，這足以說明該段闡述了兩種類型的孤獨(dú)癥。選項(xiàng)A與其意思一致，故A為正確答案。

2．E。［解析］第三段主題句為第一句：The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. 句子意為：第三種孤獨(dú)癥是最為嚴(yán)重的。繼續(xù)閱讀該段會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種孤獨(dú)癥也被稱做habitual loneliness或是chronic loneliness，由此推斷E為正確答案。

3．F。［解析］第四段主題句為第一句：Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e. g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. 句子意為：心理學(xué)家一致認(rèn)為導(dǎo)致孤獨(dú)癥的一個(gè)重要因素是人們與朋友、家人以及同事間的社會(huì)交際。選項(xiàng)F與其意思一致，故F為正確答案。

4．B。［解析］第五段主題句為第一句：Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons. 句子意為：心理學(xué)家正試圖找到治療習(xí)慣性孤獨(dú)癥患者的方法，這主要出于兩個(gè)原因。該段在后邊分別闡述了這兩個(gè)原因。這里正如在第二題中所提到的，習(xí)慣性孤獨(dú)癥又名長(zhǎng)期性孤獨(dú)癥。故B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5．C。［解析］根據(jù)題目線索詞family problems可將原文定位至第二段第四句：The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. 由此可推斷，情境性孤獨(dú)癥可由特定情境導(dǎo)致，比如，家庭問題、愛人的離世、搬家等。故可確定C為正確答案。

6．A。［解析］根據(jù)題目線索詞people with chronic loneliness可將原文定位至第三段，進(jìn)而根據(jù)題目意思定位至最后一句：Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. 這里their condition指代上文中的problems socializing and becoming close to others，選項(xiàng)A與其表達(dá)一致，故A為正確答案。

7．F。［解析］根據(jù)題目線索詞friends可將原文定位至第四段第三句后半部分and our friends share similar interests and activities，而前面提到We depend on various people for different reasons，由此可推斷，我們依賴于朋友是因?yàn)槲覀儞碛泄餐膼酆?，這與選項(xiàng)F意思一致，故F為正確答案。

8．E。［解析］根據(jù)“題目順序與段落順序基本保持一致”這一出題規(guī)律，我們將原文鎖定至最后一段，其中提到most importantly, there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease，由此可推斷，長(zhǎng)期性孤獨(dú)癥即習(xí)慣性孤獨(dú)癥可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的疾病。故可確定E為正確答案。