7個tips，讓你的2017高效起來

06 7個tips，讓你的2017高效起來

伴隨著新年鐘聲到來的，除了日歷上嶄新的2017，還有元氣滿滿的新年計劃吧？無論計劃表上的藍圖多么宏偉，你都需要一磚一瓦的踐行來將之實現(xiàn)。

FT為你送上7個小貼士，讓你的2017高效起來。

效率低下往往是以下二者共同作用的結(jié)果：缺乏時間管理經(jīng)驗；電子產(chǎn)品分散注意力。

1.Stay focused and get offline

保持專注，遠離網(wǎng)絡(luò)

“把手機放在一邊”、“認(rèn)真看書/學(xué)習(xí)不玩手機”都是老生常談了，可行性究竟如何你我都懂——

對于手機電量低于50%就失去安全感的現(xiàn)代人而言，完全脫離網(wǎng)絡(luò)簡直是天方夜譚。Daniel Levitin（《大腦超載時代的思考學(xué)》一書作者）給出的建議是，設(shè)定一個緊急事務(wù)電子郵箱賬號，這有助于你安心地在一段時間內(nèi)脫離網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

Mr.Levitin recommends strict rationing of social media, a separate urgent email account to filter out unnecessary communication and, above all, constant self-insulation from distractions.

Levitin推薦，嚴(yán)格控制花在社交媒體上的時間；單獨建立一個緊急電子郵箱以過濾掉那些非必要的交流；最重要的是，嚴(yán)格自律，與干擾保持絕緣。

“Each of us needs to set our own priorities and not allow the external world to set them for us.It's so easy to become interrupted by a lot of shiny new digital things, a new email, a new tweet, a new thumbs-up on Facebook.All these things serve as distractors and they are ways in which the outside world is telling you what to pay attention to.”

“我們每個人都需要自己建立事務(wù)的優(yōu)先級，而不是讓外界世界來為我們建立它。被那些花里胡哨的新興電子玩意打斷很容易，比如說一封新郵件、一條新推文、Facebook上的一個新‘贊'。這些東西都是干擾項，外部世界都通過這些來左右你注意力的投放點。”

“You are better off deciding that yourself — and one way to do that is to make a break with being online all day.”

“而你的注意力最好由你自己決定。要想做到如此，一個方法便是，和‘全天掛在網(wǎng)上'做個了斷吧。”

《深度工作術(shù)（Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World）》一書作者Cal Newport同意此觀點。他認(rèn)為可取的方法是：刪掉手機里的應(yīng)用，用瀏覽器版來獲取相應(yīng)服務(wù)功能。

“One of my main concerns about social media is the lengths the major companies go to engineer their products to be addictive.This addiction can ruin your ability to concentrate deeply in the times where your career depends on it.”

“我對社交媒體的主要擔(dān)心之一在于使用時長方面，那些大公司把它們的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計得很容易讓人成癮。這樣的沉溺會漸漸毀掉一個人深度專注于某事的能力，而你的事業(yè)需要的正是這樣的能力?！?/p>

“This engineering, however, is most prominent in the phone applications, so if you access the services through the website, you sidestep those dangers.”

“這樣的設(shè)計往往在手機應(yīng)用中凸顯，所以如果你通過網(wǎng)頁來使用那些服務(wù)，你就可以規(guī)避那些風(fēng)險?！?/p>

2.Early rising

早起：5點的晨跑和有效的打盹

Many time management and effectiveness best-sellers push the virtues of an early start.Laura Vanderkam, author of What The Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast, draws on numerous examples of those who are at the gym before 5am, boosting their energy and finding inner calm for the day ahead — including herself.

許多時間管理和效率方面的暢銷書都推薦了早起的好處。Laura Vanderkam（《What The Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast》一書作者）就曾經(jīng)舉過無數(shù)人的例子：他們在早晨5點前去健身房，精力充沛，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)在接下來的一整天都能內(nèi)心平和。

Vanderkam告訴FT記者，早睡早起更意味著可以減少晚上無所事事的時間。

而為補充精力，有效的午睡非常重要。

“For people who can take naps, there's a rich and deep neuroscientific literature on the benefits — a 15-minute nap can be the equivalent of an extra hour's sleep the night before.”

“有豐富和深入的文獻證明，可以有時間打個盹的人獲得的好處真的太多了。15分鐘的小睡相當(dāng)于前夜一個小時的睡眠?！?/p>

3.Setting goals

(not setting yourself up to fail)

設(shè)定真正的小目標(biāo)

For Monique Valcour, executive coach and management academic, new year resolutions can backfire unless they focus on realistic goals.

對高管培訓(xùn)師和管理學(xué)學(xué)者Monique Valcour而言，不切實際的新年目標(biāo)可能適得其反。

“Decide on the one single thing you want to accomplish,” she suggests.“If you have a list with 20 items on it, you will be lucky to achieve two.So pick one, and put a timeline on it.

她建議，選定你想要完成的一件事。如果你有一個多達20個項目的新年心愿單，完成倆就算幸運了。因此，選一個目標(biāo)，并且為之設(shè)定一個時間表。

推動人們完成目標(biāo)的，其實不是目標(biāo)本身。前行的真正動力是完成小目標(biāo)的成就感。因此，宜將目標(biāo)分解成若干可以每日踐行的子目標(biāo)。

“A friend of mine had an item on her to-do list for months: figure out whether it's time to put Aunt Sophie in a rest home.She didn't know where to start.That's not an actionable to-do item.”

“我有一個朋友，幾個月來她的待辦事項里都有這么一條：看看是不是該把Sophie姑媽送到養(yǎng)老院里了。她不知道如何開始，這可不是一條可執(zhí)行的待辦條目。”

“If you break it into little parts — like, talk to Aunt Sophie; talk to Aunt Sophie's doctor; visit homes in the area; talk to other family members — those are things you can put on your calendar.”

“你可以把這一條拆分成若干小部分，譬如和Sophie姑媽聊聊天、和Sophie姑媽的醫(yī)生聊聊天、看看附近的養(yǎng)老院、和其他家人聊聊天——這些才是你可以放進行事歷中的條目?！?/p>

4.Time measurement

時間管理

記錄每天的作為，可以更好地幫你理解自己是如何利用或者浪費時間的。

Ms Vanderkam, who tracks all her half-hour blocks of time on a spreadsheet, says: “Almost everything except basic life maintenance is, in the long run, negotiable.”

Vanderkam以半小時為單位在表格中記錄了她的時間。她說，“除了基本生活的維持，其他的所有事情從長遠來看都是可以提高的?！?/p>

“Work is often less of our time than we feel it is.The point is not to be precisely tracking every minute, it is to get a good idea of where the time goes.I have had hundreds of people do this — even the busiest people can find some time that can be redeployed.A lot of people have little idea what they did between 8pm and 11pm.”

工作時間并沒有我們感覺到的那么長。問題在于不要精確地追蹤每一分鐘，而要清楚時間都花到哪里去了。很多人，即便是那些最忙的人，這樣做之后都發(fā)現(xiàn)時間有重新安排的余地了。許多人根本不知道他們晚上8點到11點干了什么。

The real enemy, she says, is “the default stuff like pottering round the house, watching TV — it's not really helping us and it makes us feel like we have no time”.

真正的敵人是，她說，那些習(xí)以為常的事情：像在屋子里閑逛，或者看電視——這些沒什么用的事情會讓我們感覺自己沒有空閑時間。

5.Tracking progress

追蹤進度

Mr.Newport, because of his day job as an academic, believes in scheduling and then recording the amount of time he spends in a state of immersive, intense concentration.He has recently moved to a system of setting aside thinking time weeks in advance.

受到學(xué)者身份影響，Newport相信時間規(guī)劃的好處，并在之后以一種忘我的、極度專注的狀態(tài)記錄這些事項的完成。他最近還嘗試了另外一個方式：留出時間考慮幾周后的事情。

For Ms Valcour, a goal or aspiration is a problem while it remains “disembodied”.“So just get a notebook, or an app, and make a note of what you do and what the impact is,” she advises.“Then build some sort of ritual so that you invest in this project every day.”

對Valcour而言，一個目標(biāo)或者愿景停留在“空洞的”階段時就成了一個麻煩。“因此找一個筆記本，或者一個應(yīng)用，把你的所做及其對你目標(biāo)的影響記下來。之后建立某種慣例，你就會每天花精力在這個目標(biāo)上。”

6.The inescapable to-do list

必不可少的To-Do List

Mr.Levitin believes in old fashioned stationery — including a to-do list that can be easily shuffled, assessed and reprioritised (he suggests index cards).

Levitin信任那些過時的文具——包括待辦事項表在內(nèi)的那些可以拖曳、評估和重新排序的東西（他建議使用索引卡）。

The neuroscience suggests it's better to do [your to-do list]on paper because it requires deeper neural processing to write something down in longhand than to type it.

神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)建議最好使用紙張來做待辦事項表，因為和打字相比，書寫需要刺激更深的神經(jīng)過程。

Your phone and your computer are used for a lot of different things, that piece of paper is just your to-do list and it's easier to keep track of things when they're visually distinct.

你的電話和電腦被用來做許多不同的事情，而一張紙專屬用來作為你的待辦事項表；當(dāng)它們就擺在眼前時，你更容易跟上事務(wù)進度。

7.Motivation and self-flagellation

動力和自我鞭撻

If by now you are losing the will to pursue any of these strategies, allow Mr.Newport to remind you why you sought them in the first place.Here is his reply to the FT's slightly rebellious question about the sadomasochistic tone of so many productivity guides:

如果讀到這里你被以上那些方法嚇到、失去了嘗試它們的意愿的話，請允許Newport提醒你一下：別忘了你想要追求高效的初心。FT拋給他了一個略微反叛的問題：以上這些提高生產(chǎn)力的指導(dǎo)簡直是sm的調(diào)調(diào)。以下是他的回答：

Many people assume the self-disciplined quest for increased productivity is a bit of a drag as compared to just taking life as it comes.But in my experience, people often find a great satisfaction in the idea that they're making the most of their talents.

許多人臆斷：律己追求效率比單純接受生活帶給你的一切更難。但是以我的經(jīng)驗，在極盡才能之時，人們往往才會得到巨大的滿足感。

We crave self-mastery and effectiveness more than absence of discomfort.

我們渴求克己、高效，甚于那些沒有絲毫不適的安逸日子。

這就是一切的意義和動力所在。

愿我們都有美好的計劃和高效的執(zhí)行力，收獲充實的2017。

詞匯總結(jié)

immersive [?'m?s?v]

adj.擬真的；沉浸式的；沉浸感的；增加沉浸感的

Mr.Newport, because of his day job as an academic, believes in scheduling and then recording the amount of time he spends in a state of immersive, intense concentration.

受到學(xué)者身份影響，Newport相信時間規(guī)劃的好處，并在之后以一種忘我的、極度專注的狀態(tài)記錄這些事項的完成。

aspiration [?sp?'re??(?)n]

n.渴望；抱負(fù)；送氣；吸氣；吸引術(shù)

For Ms Valcour, a goal or aspiration is a problem while it remains “disembodied”.

對Valcour而言，一個目標(biāo)或者愿景停留在“空洞的”階段時就成了一個麻煩。

quest [kwest]

n.追求；尋找

vi.追求；尋找

Many people assume the self-disciplined quest for increased productivity is a bit of a drag as compared to just taking life as it comes.

許多人臆斷：律己追求效率比單純接受生活帶給你的一切更難。

shuffle ['??f(?)l]

v.洗牌；推諉，推卸；拖曳

Mr.Levitin believes in old fashioned stationery — including a to-do list that can be easily shuffled, assessed and reprioritised (he suggests index cards).

Levitin信任那些過時的文具——包括待辦事項表在內(nèi)的那些可以拖曳、評估和重新排序的東西（他建議使用索引卡）。

crave [kre?v]

v.渴望；懇求

We crave self-mastery and effectiveness more than absence of discomfort.

我們渴求克己、高效，甚于那些沒有絲毫不適的安逸日子。