詹姆斯韋德安東尼保羅，四名NBA巨星的演講是怎樣感動(dòng)了全美？

我們經(jīng)常被告知，體育世界是“超越政治”的。但是不久前，有體壇奧斯卡之稱的ESPY頒獎(jiǎng)典禮開(kāi)始時(shí)，詹姆斯、韋德、安東尼、保羅四位NBA球星，他們并肩站立，發(fā)表了一場(chǎng)關(guān)乎政治的演講。此演講有何技巧，本文做了簡(jiǎn)單分析。同時(shí)在文末附上演講英文原稿，也可做聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。

這四位巨星呼吁終結(jié)警察的種族定性和黑人社區(qū)的槍支暴力，并號(hào)召運(yùn)動(dòng)員和其他領(lǐng)袖帶頭放下尋求報(bào)復(fù)的憤怒情緒，轉(zhuǎn)而致力于重建信任。

這四兄弟的演講究竟好在哪？

To divide up a single speech between four speakers.

由4名演講者來(lái)完成一篇講稿。

It literalised the idea that these athletes—“the four of us talking to our fellow athletes with the country watching”—were speaking with one voice; offering a united front.And they were, very consciously, “representing”.

這體現(xiàn)出了這些運(yùn)動(dòng)員在用同一個(gè)聲音說(shuō)話；他們站在統(tǒng)一的戰(zhàn)線上——“我們四個(gè)人向其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員喊話，而全國(guó)觀眾都在看著”。而且他們很有“代表”意識(shí)。

As Mr Paul said：“We stand before you as fathers, sons, husbands, brothers, uncles—and in my case, as an African-American man and the nephew of a police officer.” Again, careful positioning：to foreground being the nephew of a police officer is to state that your fight is not with the police.

就如保羅所說(shuō)的：“我們以父親、兒子、丈夫、兄弟、叔伯的身份站在你們面前——就我個(gè)人而言，我是一個(gè)非裔美國(guó)人，也是一名警官的侄子?！痹僖淮?，這體現(xiàn)出他們的精心定位：首先擺明自己是一名警官的侄子，說(shuō)明你無(wú)意與警察為敵。

The speeches deftly deployed the classic figures of oratory, used an epistrophic tricolon.

他們的演講嫻熟地運(yùn)用了經(jīng)典的演講術(shù)，使用了結(jié)句反復(fù)的三行平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

Mr Anthony used an epistrophic tricolon when he said：“The problems are not new.The violence is not new.And the racial divide definitely is not new.” So did Mr Wade when he said：“The racial profiling has to stop.The shoot-to-kill mentality has to stop.Not seeing the value of black and brown bodies has to stop.” Mr James used anaphora when he said it was the duty of athletes to “help rebuild[communities], help strengthen them, help change them”.

安東尼使用了結(jié)句反復(fù)的三行平行結(jié)構(gòu)，他說(shuō)：“這些問(wèn)題不是新的。這些暴力不是新的。而種族隔閡當(dāng)然也不是新的。”韋德也運(yùn)用了這一手法，他說(shuō)：“種族定性必須停止。動(dòng)輒開(kāi)槍而且往死里打的心態(tài)必須停止。忽視黑人和棕色人士?jī)r(jià)值的做法必須停止?！闭材匪惯\(yùn)用了首語(yǔ)重復(fù)的手法，他說(shuō)，“幫助重建（社區(qū)），幫助加強(qiáng)它們，幫助改變它們”是運(yùn)動(dòng)員的責(zé)任。

By echoing each other stylistically, they gave an impression of unity at the level of the language itself.

通過(guò)在風(fēng)格上相互呼應(yīng)，他們?cè)谡Z(yǔ)言本身的層面上給人一種統(tǒng)一的印象。

They used the incantatory power of a bare list of names.

羅列人名，從中汲取了一種咒語(yǔ)般的力量。

In Mr Paul's section of the speech he named the victims of violence.A list of names can be a very powerful way of invoking pathos and solidarity.Mr Paul then went on to name—co-opting them to the cause—previous luminaries of sport who had some emancipatory role.Here, with care and precision and judiciousness, was an attempt to make the broadest possible appeal to human fraternity and tolerance.

保羅演講的部分，他列出了暴力受害者的姓名，是激發(fā)感染力、促使眾人同心的非常有力的方式。他接著羅列了此前曾在一定程度上推進(jìn)解放事業(yè)的體育明星的名字——目的是將這些人納入到這項(xiàng)事業(yè)中。這里，他們以一種謹(jǐn)慎、精準(zhǔn)和睿智的方式，嘗試最大范圍地激發(fā)人類的博愛(ài)和寬容。

The speech enacted, then, what all speeches at some level are trying to do.It said：this is who we the speakers are, and this is who you, the audience, are.We are not divided.

這篇演講所做的正是所有的演講在某種層面上都試圖實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。它在說(shuō)：這就是我們這些演講者的本色，也是你們作為觀眾的本色。我們之間并無(wú)隔閡。

演講全文：

Carmelo Anthony:

Good evening.Tonight is a celebration of sports, celebrating our accomplishments and our victories.But, in this moment of celebration, we asked to start the show tonight this way, the four of us talking to our fellow athletes, with the country watching.

Because we cannot ignore the reality of the current state of America.The events of the past week have put a spotlight on the injustice, distrust and anger that plague so many of us.

The system is broken.The problems are not new.The violence is not new.And the racial divide definitely is not new.

But the urgency to create change is at an all-time high.

Chris Paul:

We stand here tonight accepting our role in uniting communities, to be the change we need to see.We stand before you as fathers, sons, husbands, brothers, uncles and in my case, as an African-American man and the nephew of a police officer, who is one of the hundreds of thousands of great officers serving this country.

But, Trayvon Martin.Michael Brown.Tamir Rice.Eric Garner.Laquan McDonald.Alton Sterling.Philando Castile.

This is also our reality.

Generations ago, legends like Jesse Owens, Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, John Carlos and Tommie Smith, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Jim Brown, Billie Jean King, Arthur Ashe and countless others, they set a model for what athletes should stand for.

So we choose to follow in their footsteps.

Dwyane Wade:

The racial profiling has to stop.The shoot-to-kill mentality has to stop.Not seeing the value of black and brown bodies has to stop.But also, the retaliation has to stop.

The endless gun violence in places like Chicago, Dallas, not to mention Orlando, it has to stop.Enough.Enough is enough.

Now, as athletes, it's on us to challenge each other to do even more than we already do in our own communities.And the conversation, it cannot stop as our schedules get busy again.It won't always be convenient.It won't.It won't always be comfortable, but it is necessary.

LeBron James:

We all feel helpless and frustrated by the violence.We do.But that's not acceptable.It's time to look in the mirror and ask ourselves what are we doing to create change.

It's not about being a role model.It's not about our responsibility to a tradition of activism.

I know tonight we're honoring Muhammad Ali,the GOAT（greatest of all time）.But to do his legacy any justice, let's use this moment as a call to action for all professional athletes to educate ourselves.It's for these issues.Speak up.Use our influence.And renounce all violence.

And most importantly, go back to our communities, invest our time, our resources, help rebuild them, help strengthen them, help change them.

We all have to do better.Thank you.

詞匯總結(jié)

literalise['l?t?r?la?z]

vt.照字義解釋，拘泥于字句

It literalised the idea that these athletes—“the four of us talking to our fellow athletes with the country watching”—were speaking with one voice; offering a united front.And they were, very consciously, “representing”.

這體現(xiàn)出了這些運(yùn)動(dòng)員在用同一個(gè)聲音說(shuō)話；他們站在統(tǒng)一的戰(zhàn)線上——“我們四個(gè)人向其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員喊話，而全國(guó)觀眾都在看著”。而且他們很有“代表”意識(shí)。

incantatory[?n'k?nt?t?:r?]

adj.咒語(yǔ)的，魔咒的

They used the incantatory power of a bare list of names.

羅列人名，從中汲取了一種咒語(yǔ)般的力量。

pathos[?pe?θ?s]

n.痛苦;悲愴，哀婉，凄楚，傷感；同情

In Mr Paul's section of the speech he named the victims of violence.A list of names can be a very powerful way of invoking pathos and solidarity.

保羅演講的部分，他列出了暴力受害者的姓名，是激發(fā)感染力、促使眾人同心的非常有力的方式。

put a spotlight on 強(qiáng)調(diào)，突出

The events of the past week have put a spotlight on the injustice, distrust and anger that plague so many of us.